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Questions That Matter: An Invitation to Philosophy

Questions That Matter: An Invitation to Philosophy Cover

Synopses & Reviews

Publisher Comments:

This accessible text-reader includes extensive student pedagogy--running summaries, high-interest boxes, biographies, epigrams, a philosophical dictionary, and a timeline/map. The new edition offers a new chapter on virtue ethics, new cases and questions from environmental and biomedical ethics, a new chapter on communitarian and feminist critiques of contemporary liberalism, and more!

About the Author

Ed L. Miller holds a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Southern California and a Doctorate of Theology from the University of Basel, Switzerland. He has taught for the last thirty years at the University of Colorado, Boulder. In addition to being a member of the philosophy faculty, he also teaches for the Religious Studies Department and is Director of the Theology Forum. He is a member of the American Academy of Religion, the Society of Christian Philosophers, and Studiorum Novi Testamenti Societas.JON JENSEN received his PhD in Philosophy from the University of Colorado, Boulder, where he was a student of Professor Miller. While his philosophical interests vary widely, his research and publications focus on environmental philosophy. Jensen has taught at the University of Colorado, Green Mountain College, and now at Luther College, his alma mater. In addition to teaching philosophy, he is an active member of Luthers Environmental Studies program and enjoys canoeing, bicycling, backpacking, and gardening.

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION - THE NATURE OF PHILOSOPHY

1. What Is Philosophy?

The Word Itself

The Fields of Philosophy

A Rational, Critical Enterprise

Differing Conceptions

A Working Definition

Philosophy, Religion, and Science

Of Beards and Bread

Where do we Begin?

Professor Millers Four Principles

Chapter 1 in Review

Readings from:

Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers

Plato, Apology

Whitehead, Process and Reality

Moore, Principia Ethica

Camus, "The Myth of Sisyphus"

Husserl, Ideas

James, "The Present Dilemma in Philosophy"

Jaggar, "How Can Philosophy Be Feminist?"

2. A Little Logic

The Three Laws of Thought

What is an Argument?

Deductive Reasoning

Inductive Reasoning

Informal Fallacies

Chapter 2 in Review

Reading from:

Aristotle, Metaphysics

Doyle, The Hound of the Baskervilles

PART 1: THE QUESTION OF REALITY

3. The First Metaphysicians

The First Theory of Reality

Three Pre-Socratic Traditions

The Discovery of Form

Chapter 3 in Review

Readings from:

Aristotle, Metaphysics

Copleston, A History of Philosophy

Guthrie, A History of Greek Philosophy

Heidegger, An Introduction to Metaphysics

4. The Idea of Form

Plato and Socrates

The Two Worlds: Appearance and Reality

The Theory of Forms

Degrees of Reality and Knowledge

The Good, the Sun, and the Cave

Aristotles Criticism of Plato

Aristotles View of Form

After Plato and Aristotle

Chapter 4 in Review

Readings from:

Plato, Euthyphro, Timaeus, The Republic, Phaedo

Aristotle, Metaphysics, Poetics

Quine, "On What There Is"

5. Mind and Matter

Descartes: The Father of Modern Philosophy

“What Can I Know for Certain?”

The Intuition of Mind

The Deduction of God

The Deduction of Matter

Some Objections

The Mind-Body Problem

Mind: A Set of Dispositions or Functions

Chapter 5 in Review

Readings from:

Descartes, Discourse on Method, Meditations on First Philosophy

Searle, Minds, Brains and Science

Ryle, The Concept of Mind

Churchland, Matter and Consciousness

6. Idealism

What is Idealism?

Berkeley and Locke

Berkeleys View: Esse est percipi

Five Proofs for Subjective Idealism

Hylas and Philonous

Solipsism or God?

Some Objections

Chapter 6 in Review

Readings from:

Berkeley, Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous

7. Materialism

What is Materialism?

Man a Machine

The New Materialism

Are the Mind and Body Identical?

Beyond Freedom and Dignity: Skinner

Are All Things Dertermined?

Chapter 7 in Review

Readings from:

Lucretius, The Nature of Things

Hobbes, Leviathan

Laplace, A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities

La Mettrie, Man a Machine

Hanson, "The Dematerialization of Matter"

Taylor, Metaphysics

Churchland, Matter and Consciousness

Danto, Connections to the World

Skinner, Beyond Freedom and Dignity

PART 2: THE QUESTION OF KNOWLEDGE

8. Skepticism

Varieties of Skepticism

Pyrrho: The Classic Skeptic

Is Absolute Skepticism a Coherent Position?

Rorty and Friends: Historicism and Pluralism

Chapter 8 in Review

Readings from:

Diogenes Laertius (on Pyrrho), Lives of Eminent Philosophers

St. Augustine, Against the Academicians

Richard Roty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature

Grenz, “Star Trek and the Next Generation”

Plantinga, "The Twin Pillars of Christian Scholarship"

9. The Way of Reason

Two Main Theories about the Basis of Knowledge

Reason as the Basis of Knowledge

The Rationalism of Plato

The Rationalism of Descartes

A Contemporary Version: Chomsky

Chapter 9 in Review:

Readings from:

Plato, Phaeodo

Descartes, Discourse on Method, Rules for the Direction of the Mind

Chomsky, Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, "Language and the Mind"

10. The Way of Experience

What is Empiricism?

Classical Empiricism: Aristotle and St. Thomas

Modern Empiricism: Locke

Radical Empiricism: Hume

Chapter 10 in Review

Readings from:

Aristotle, Posterior Analytics

St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologia

Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

Hume, A Treatsie of Human Nature, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanging

11. The Problem of Certainty

Kant and Hume

Some Important Terminology

Is There Synthetic A Priori Knowledge?

The Limits of Reason

Chapter 11 in Review

Readings from:

Kant, Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics, Critique of Pure Reason

PART 3: THE QUESTION OF GOD

12. God and the World

Natural Theology

The Cosmological Argument

The Teleological Argument

The Problem of Causality

Chapter 12 in Review

Readings from:

St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae, Summa Contra Gentiles

Jastrow, God and the Astronomers

Paley, Natural Theology; Tennant, Philosophical Theology

Black Elk Speaks

Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion

Kant, Critique of Pure Reason

13. God and Reason

The Ontological Argument

Is Existence a Predicate?

The Moral Argument

Is There a Moral Law?

Chapter 13 in Review

Readings from:

St. Anselm, Proslogium

Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy

Kant, Critique of Pure Reason

Malcolm, Knowledge and Certainty

Kant, Critique of Practical Reason

Lewis, Mere Christianity

Rashdall, The Theory of Good and Evil

Russell and Copleston, "The Existence of God"

14. Religious Experience

The Experience of the Numinous

The Mystical Ascent

Mysticism East

The Way of Zen

Is Religious Experience Evidence for God?

Chapter 14 in Review

Readings from:

Weil, Waiting for God

Otto, The Idea of the Holy

Huxley, The Doors of Perception

St. John of the Cross, The Dark Night of the Soul

St. Teresa of Avila, The Way of Perfection

Bhagavad-Gita

Lao Tzu, Tao Te Ching

Suzuki, Essays in Zen Buddhism

Broad, Religion, Philosophy, and Psychical Research

James, The Varieties of Religious Experience

Freud, The Future of an Illusion

15. God and Evil

What Is the Problem?

Some Solutions

Evil as a Privation of Goodness

The Free-will Defense

Evil as Therapy

Evil Is Irrational

Chapter 15in Review

Readings from:

Mill, Three Essays on Religion

Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion

St. Augustine, The Enchiridion on Faith, Hope and Love, On Free Choice of the Will

Plantinga, God, Freedom, and Evil

Mackie, "Evil and Omnipotence"

Irenaeus, Against Heresies

Hick, Evil and the God of Love

Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus and Other Essays, The Plague

PART 4: THE QUESTION OF MORALITY

16. Challenges to Morality

The Challenge of Existentialism

The Challenge of Determinism

The Challenge of Psychological Egoism

The Challenge of Relativism

Chapter 16 in Review

Readings from:

Sartre, “Existentialism”

de Beauvoir, The Second Sex

Marcel, The Philosophy of Existentialism

James, “The Dilemma of Determinsim”

Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding

DHolbach, The System of Nature

Stace, Religion and the Modern Mind

Frankena, Ethics

Skinner, Beyond Freedom and Dignity

Benedict, “Anthropology and the Abnormal”

Rand, The Virtue of Selfishness

17. Hedonism

The Question of Consequences

Hedonism: The Pleasure Principle

Egoistic Hedonism

Does "Is" Mean "Ought"

The Problem of Egoism

Chapter 17 in Review

Readings from:

Diogenes Laertius (on Aristippus and Epicurus), Lives of Eminent Philosophers

Horace, Epistles

Epicurus, Letter of Menoeceus

Lucien, Sale of the Philosophers

Rand, "The Sould of an Individualist," "Galt's Speech," "The Ethics of Emergencies," Philosophy: Who Needs It

18. Utilitarianism

What Is Utilitarianism?

Benthams Version: Quantity over Quality

Mills Version: Quality over Quantity

Some Objections

Chaper 18 in Review

Bentham, The Rationale of Reward, An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation

Mill, Utilitarianism

Williams, A Critique of Utilitarianism

Moore, Principia Ethica

Regan, "The Radical Egalitarian Case for Animal Rights"

19. The Role of Duty

Morality as Unconditional

The Good Will

Kants Categorical Imperative

The Test of Moral Actions

Some Objections

Chapter 19 in Review

Readings from:

Beck, Preface to translation of Kant, Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals

Kant, Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals

Martin Luther King, Jr., "The Ethical Demands of Integration"

Regan, The Case for Animal Rights

Taylor, Respect for Nature

20. Virtue

Character and Action

Aristotle and Eudaimonia

Virtues: Old and New

Religion and Morality

Is There a Natural Law?

Divine Command Theory

Readings from:

Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics

MacIntyre, After Virtues

Hursthouse, Virtue Theory and Abortion

Hill, Ideals of Human Excellence and Preserving the Natural Environment

St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologiae

Quinn, The Primacy of Gods Will in Christian Ethics

PART 5: THE QUESTION OF SOCIETY

Introductory Note

21. Some Historical Background

Plato: The Elitist

Aristotle: The Democrat

Hobbes: The Sovereign

Rousseau: The General Will

Is There a Natural Law?

Chapter 21 in Review

Readings from:

Plato, The Republic

Aristotle, Politics

Hobbes, Leviathan

Rousseau, The Social Contract

22. Liberalism versus Marxism

The Liberal Perspective: Locke

The Individual and Society: Mill

Justice as Fairness: Rawls

Liberalism and Capitalism

Chapter 22 in Review

Readings from:

The Bill of Rights

Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Second Treatise of

Government

The International Declaration of the Rights of Man

Declaration of Independence

Mill, On Liberty

Rawls, A Theory of Justice

Marty, “Rawls and the Harried Mother”

23. The Question of Justice

Liberalism and Capitalism

A Radical Response: Marx

Individuals and the Common Good

Unencumbered and Situated Selves

Community in a Global Village

Chapter 23 in Review

Readings from

Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations

Marx, Early Writings

Sandel, Liberalism and the Limits of Justice

Benhabib, Situating the Self

A (Short) Philosophical Dictionary

Index

Product Details

ISBN:
9780072406344
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sc iences/Languages
Location:
Boston
Author:
Miller
Author:
Jensen, Jon E.
Author:
Miller, Ed L.
Author:
Jensen, Jon
Subject:
General
Subject:
Philosophy
Subject:
General Philosophy
Copyright:
Edition Number:
5
Edition Description:
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Series Volume:
Bd. 6
Publication Date:
20031021
Binding:
Online electronic file accessible through online networks
Grade Level:
College/higher education:
Language:
English
Illustrations:
Yes
Pages:
640
Dimensions:
9.40x7.50x1.00 in. .12 lbs.
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