What is an Emotion?, 2/e, draws together important selections from classical and contemporary theories and debates about emotion. Utilizing sources from a variety of subject areas including philosophy, psychology, and biology, editor Robert Solomon provides an illuminating look at the "affective" side of psychology and philosophy from the perspective of the world's great thinkers. Part One of the book features five classic readings from Aristotle, the Stoics, Descartes, Spinoza, and Hume. Part Two offers classic and contemporary theories from the social sciences, presenting selections from such thinkers as Charles Darwin and Sigmund Freud alongside recent work from Paul Ekman, Catherine Lutz, and others. Part Three presents some of the extensive work on emotion that developed in Europe over the past century. Part Four includes essays representing the discussion of emotions among British and American analytic philosophers. The volume is enhanced by a comprehensive introduction by the editor and a multidisciplinary bibliography.

What is an Emotion? is appropriate for any course in which the nature of emotion plays a major role, including philosophy of emotion, philosophy of mind, history of psychology, emotion and motivation, moral psychology, and history and psychology of consciousness courses. The second edition provides much more material on emotions in the sciences and more from recent philosophical theories, encompassing recent shifts in theorizing on three fronts: the wealth of new information on the central nervous system and the brain; new developments in cross-cultural research and anthropology; and the recent emphasis on "cognition" in emotion, both in philosophy and the social sciences. New selections include work by Antonio Damasio, Ronald De Sousa, Paul Ekman, Nico Frijda, Patricia Greenspan, Paul Griffiths, Richard Lazarus, Catherine Lutz, Martha Nussbaum, and Michael Stocker.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 291-305).

This volume draws together important selections from classical and contemporary theories and debates about emotion. Utilizing sources from a variety of subject areas including philosophy, psychology, and biology, editor Robert Solomon provides an illuminating look at the "affective" side of psychology and philosophy. The second edition provides much more material on emotions in the sciences and more from recent philosophical theories, including selections by Antonio Damasio, Ronald De Sousa, Paul Ekman, Nico Frijda, Patricia Greenspan, Paul Griffiths, Richard Lazarus, Catherine Lutz, Martha Nussbaum, and Michael Stocker.

Preface

Introduction: "What Is an Emotion?".

I. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Aristotle

From Rhetoric

From On the Soul

From Nicomachean Ethics

The Stoics

From Early Stoics

From Seneca, De Ira

From Galen, On the Doctrines of Hippocrates and Plato

Rene Descartes

From The Passions of the Soul

Benedict Spinoza

From Ethics

David Hume

From A Treatise of Human Nature

II. THE MEETING OF PHILOSOPHY AND PSYCHOLOGY

Charles Robert Darwin

From The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals

William James

From What Is an Emotion?

Walter B. Cannon

From Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage

John Dewey

From The Theory of Emotion

Sigmund Freud

From The Unconscious

Anxiety (From General Lectures on Psychoanalysis)

Stanley Schachter and Jerome E. Singer

From Cognitive, Social, and Physiological Determinants of Emotional State

Paul Ekman

From Biological and Cultural Contributions to Body and Facial Movement in the Expression of Emotions

Richard Lazarus

Appraisal: The Minimal Cognitive Prerequisites of Emotion

Nico Frijda

Emotions are Functional, Most of the Time

Catherine Lutz

From Unnatural Emotions

Antonio Damasio

From The Feeling of What Happens

III. THE CONTINENTAL TRADITION

Franz Brentano

From On the Origin of Our Knowledge of Right and Wrong

Max Scheler

From Formalism in Ethics and Non-Formal Ethics of Values

Martin Heidegger

Charles Guignon, Moods in Heidegger's Being and Time

Jean-Paul Sartre

From The Emotions: A Sketch of a Theory

IV. CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS AND EMOTION

Gilbert Ryle

From The Concept of Mind

Errol Bedford

From Emotions

Anthony Kenny

From Action, Emotion and Will

Robert C. Solomon

From Emotions and Choice

Cheshire Calhoun

Cognitive Emotions?

Ronald De Sousa

From The Rationality of Emotion

Michael Stocker

The Irreducibility of Affectivity

Patricia Greenspan

Reasons to Feel

Martha Nussbaum

Emotions as Judgements of Value and Importance

Paul Griffiths

From What Emotions Really Are

Bibliography