Now in its Sixth Edition, The Human Record continues to be the leading primary source reader for the World History course. Each volume contains a blend of visual and textual sources; these sources are often paired or grouped together for comparison. A prologue entitled, "Primary Sources and How to Read Them," appears in each volume and serves as a valuable pedagogical tool. Unlike many world history texts that center on the West, The Human Record provides balanced coverage of the global past. Approximately one-third of the sources in the Sixth Edition are new, and these documents continue to reflect the myriad experiences of the peoples of the world.

Alfred Andrea (PhD, Cornell University) is Professor Emeritus of History at the University of Vermont, where he taught from 1967 through 2001. His initial training focused on medieval European history, with an emphasis on Byzantine-Western relations and the Crusades. He has since published three books on the Crusades, as well as numerous articles on a variety of historical issues. Dr. Andrea is also the author of The Medieval Record, a primary source reader published by Houghton Mifflin (1997). In 2002 he was Distinguished Scholar-in-Residence at the University of Louisville, and for the past decade he has served as an officer of the World History Association.James H. Overfield (PhD, Princeton University) is Professor and Chair of History at the University of Vermont. In 1999 he received the University's outstanding teaching award. His publications include Humanism and Scholasticism in Late Medieval Germany (Princeton University Press, 1984), as well as numerous articles published in such journals as Societas and Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History. He is also the author of Sources of Twentieth-Century Global History, published by Houghton Mifflin (2002).

Volume I Prologue: Primary Sources and How to Read Them Examining Primary Sources You and the Sources Analyzing Sample Sources Interpreting the Sources I. The Ancient World 1. The First Civilizations Mesopotamia: The Land of Two Rivers Life and Death in Mesopotamia 1. The Epic of Gilgamesh The Search for Justice in Mesopotamia 2. The Judgments of Hammurabi Egypt: The River of Two Lands Life and Death in Egypt 3. The Person Who Was Tired of Life The Search for Justice in Egypt 4. Tale of the Eloquent Peasant China: The Land of the Yellow and Yangzi Rivers The Mandate of Heaven 5. The Book of Documents Zhou Viewed from Above and Below 6. The Book of Songs Mute Testimony Cultural Impressions 7. Indus, Mesopotamian, and Cretan Seals Sacred Kingship Along the Nile 8. Two Temple Reliefs Multiple Voices I: Shifts in the Search for Eternal Life in Egypt 1. A Pyramid Text 2. A Coffin Text 3. The Negative Confession 2. Newcomers: From Nomads to Settlers The Indo-Europeans Life, Death, and the Gods in Aryan India 9. The Rig Veda A Journey to the Underworld 10. Homer, The Odyssey The Israelites and Their Neighbors Establishing a Covenant with Humanity 11. The Book of Genesis Establishing a Covenant with a Chosen People 12. The Book of Deuteronomy 3. Transcendental Reality: Developing the Spiritual Traditions of India and Southwest Asia: 800-200 B.C.E. The Emergence of Brahminical Hinduism The Hindu Search for Divine Reality 13. The Upanishads Dharma: The Imperative of Caste Law 14. The Bhagavad-Gita A Challenge to Caste: The Teachings of the Buddha The Path to Enlightenment 15. The Buddha, Setting in Motion the Wheel of the Law The Poison Arrow of Needless Speculation 16. The Buddha, Questions That Tend Not to Edification Persians, Israelites, and Their Gods The Struggle Between Good and Evil 17. Zarathustra, Gathas A New Covenant for All Peoples 18. The Book of Isaiah 4. The Secular Made Sacred: Developing the Humanistic Traditions of China and Hellas: 600- 200 B.C.E. China: Thought in Search of Harmony Daoism: The Way That Is and Is Not 19. Laozi, The Classic of the Way and Virtue Confucianism: The Moral Way of the Past 20. Confucius, The Analects Legalism: The Way of the State 21. Qin Shi Huangdi, Qin Penal Laws Hellenic Civilization: An Inquiry into Life Analyzing a Failed War 22. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War Bacchic Maenads: Feminine Religious Ecstasy 23. Euripedes, The Bacchae Body and Soul 24. Plato, Phaedo Art and the Human Form 25. Three Hellenic Works of Art Multiple Voices II: The Healing Arts in China and Greece 1. The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Internal Medicine 2. Testimonials at Epidauros 3. Hippocrates, On the Sacred Disease 5. Regional Empires and Afro-Eurasian Interchange: 300 B.C.E.- 500 C.E. The Greco-Roman World Images of the Hellenistic World 26. Four Hellenistic Sculptures Rome Viewed from the Underworld 27. Virgil, The Aeneid Han China Two Views on How to Deal with Empire 28. Huan Kuan, Discourses on Salt and Iron A Woman's Place as Viewed by a Female Confucian 29. Ban Zhao, Lessons for Women India in the Age of Empires The Softening Effects of Dharma 30. Asoka, Rock and Pillar Edicts Gupta India Through Chinese Buddhist Eyes 31. Faxian, Travels Multiple Voices III: Sea Routes and Silk Roads 1. Pliny the Elder, Natural History 2. Faxian, Travels 3. Four Robed Statues II. Faith, Devotion, and Salvation: Great World Religions to 1500 6. New Developments in Three Ancient Religions Mahayana Buddhism: A Religion of Infinite Compassion Perceiver of the World's Sounds: A Bodhisattva for All Emergencies 32. Tales of Guanshiyin Images of Compassion 33. Three Bodhisattvas Bhakti: The Way of Devotion The Way of Supreme Love 34. Narada, The Bhakti Sutra Shiva, Auspicious Destroyer 35. Shiva Naturaja Rabbinical Judaism A Defense of the Law 36. Flavius Josephus, Against Apion A Commentary on the Law 37. The Babylonian Talmud 7. Christianity: Conquering the World for Christ The Foundations of Christianity Becoming Spiritually Perfect 38. The Gospel of Saint Matthew The Path to Righteousness: The Law or Faith? 39. Saint Paul, Epistle to the Romans Christianity and the Roman World Persecution and Deliverance 40. Eusebius of Caesarea, Ecclesiastical History The Christian Empire 41. The Theodosian Code The Imperial Christ 42. Christ Militant Beyond the Roman World Georgia Becomes a Christian State 43. Rufinus of Aquileia, Church History Christianity Comes to China 44. Bishop Adam, The Christian Monument Multiple Voices IV: One Christianity or Many Christianities? 1. The Gospel of Thomas 2. Irenaeus, Against Heresies 3. Homilies of Clement 47. Eusebius of Caesarea, Ecclesiastical History 5. The Creed of Nicaea 8. Islam: Universal Submission to God The Foundations of Islamic Life The Word of God 45. The Quran The Tales of Tradition 46. Abu Abdullah ibn Ismail al-Bukhari, The Authentic [Traditions] Muhammad's Night Journey and Ascent to Heaven 47. Muhammad ibn Ishaq, The Life of the Messenger of God Rules Regarding Jihad 48. Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad Ibn Muhammad ibn Rushd, The Distinguished Jurist's Primer Variety and Unity Within Islam God's Martyrs: The Party of Ali 49. Ibn Babawayh al-Saduq, Creed Concerning the Imams An African Pilgrim to Mecca 50. Mahmud Kati, The Chronicle of the Seeker The Sufi Jihad 51. Jalaluddin al-Rumi, Spiritual Couplets Multiple Voices V: Islam and Unbelievers 1. The Pact of Ibn Muslama 2. The Pact of Umar 3. Benjamin of Tudela, Book of Travels 4. The Deeds of Sultan Firuz Shah III. Continuity, Change, and Interchange: 500- 1500 9. Asia: Change in the Context of Tradition Japan: Creating a Distinctive Civilization The Constitution of Prince Shotoku 52. Chronicles of Japan Lives and Loves at the Heian Court 53. Sei Shonagon, The Pillow Book The Ideal Samurai 54. Chronicle of the Grand Pacification China: The Ages of Tang and Song Imperial Greatness and Disaster in Eighth-Century China 55. Du Fu, Poems The Bartered Bride: China and the Uighurs in an Age of Civil War 55. The Old Tang History The Dao of Agriculture in Song China 57. Chen Pu, The Craft of Farming Southwest Asia: Crossroads of the Afro-Eurasian World The Arrival of the Turks 58. Al-Jahiz, The Merits of the Turks and of the Imperial Army as a Whole Muslims and Franks in the Crusader States 59. Ibn Jubayr, Travels Sinbad's First Voyage 60. A Thousand and One Arabian Nights India: Continuity and Change Islam and Hindu Civilization: Cultures in Conflict 61. Abul Raihan al-Biruni, Description of India A Sati's Sacrifice 62. Vikrama's Adventures Multiple Voices VI: Buddhism in China: Acceptance, Rejection, and Accommodation 1. Shi Baochang, Lives of the Nuns 2. Han Yu, Memorial on Buddhism 3. Proclamation Ordering the Destruction of Buddhist Monasteries 4. Zhu Xi, Conversations of Master Zhu, Arranged Topically 10. Two Christian Civilizations: Byzantium and Western Europe Justinian the Great: The First Byzantine Emperor Two Imperial Portraits: Justinian and Theodora 63. The Mosaics of San Vitale The Relationship of Emperor and Patriarch in Byzantium 64. Michael Psellus, Chronographia Charles the Great: Latin Europe's First Emperor A Papal Portrait: Leo III and Charles the Great 65. Pope Leo III's Lateran Mosaic A Carolingian Vision of Reality 66. Charles the Great, The Capitulary on Saxony and A Letter to Pope Leo III Byzantium and the West in the Age of Otto the Great A Western Ambassador to Constantinople 67. Liudprand of Cremona, A Report on the Embassy to Constantinople Two Representations of the Virgin 68. A Byzantine Icon of the Koimesis and A Dormition Miniature Imperium Versus Sacerdotium: The Tensions Between Secular Rulers and Priests Three Views of Right Order in Christian Society 69. Dictatus Papae; Henry IV, Letter to Hildebrand; John of Paris, A Treatise on Royal and Papal Power 70. Anna Comnena, Alexiad Multiple Voices VII: Byzantium and the West in the Age of the Crusades: The Dividing of Christendom? 1. Baldric of Dol, The Jerusalem History 2. Anna Comnena, The Alexiad 3. Robert of Clari, The Capture of Constantinople 4. Nicetas Choniates, Annals 5. Innocent III, Letters to the Crusaders 11. Africa and the Americas Africa The Land of Zanj: Tenth-Century East Africa 71. Abul-Hasan Ali al-Masudi, Meadows of Gold The Land of Ghana: Eleventh-Century Western Sudan 72. Abu Ubaydallah al-Bakri, The Book of Routes and Realms The Land of Seyon: Fourteenth-Century Ethiopia 73. Ethiopian Royal Chronicle A Yoruba Woman of Authority? 74. Seated Female Figure The Americas Mayan Faces and Figures 75. Three Mayan Ceramic Sculptures The Sacred Marketplace: Mexica Commerce and Religion 76. Diego Durán, Book of the Gods and Rites Governing the Inca Empire 77. Pedro de Cieza de León, Chronicles IV. Travel, Encounter, and Exchange: 1000- 1700 12. Adventurers, Merchants, Diplomats, Pilgrims, and Missionaries: A Half Millennium of Travel and Encounter: 1000-1500 The World Perceived A Chinese View of the World 78. Zhau Rugua, A Description of Foreign Peoples A European View of the World 79. The Book of John Mandeville A Korean View of the World 80. The Kangnido Travel in the Age of the Pax Mongolica Traveling Among the Mongols 81. William of Rubruck, Journey to the Land of the Tartars Traveling the Silk Road 82. Marco Polo, Description of the World A European Visitor to China 83. Odoric of Pordenone, Report Advice for Merchants Traveling to Cathay 84. Francesco Pegolotti, The Practice of Commerce Long-Distance Travel Beyond the Mongol Peace A Moroccan Visitor in Sub-Saharan Africa 85. Ibn Battuta, A Donation to Those Who Contemplate the Wonders of Cities Samarqand in the Age of Tamerlane 86. Ruy González de Clavijo, Embassy to Tamerlane Zheng He's Western Voyages 87. Ma Huan, The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores The Origins of Portugal's Overseas Empire 88. Gomes Eannes de Azurara, The Chronicle of Guinea 13. Transoceanic Encounters: 1500-1700 Europeans in the Americas The Battle for Tenochtitlan: A Mexica Perspective 89. Bernardino de Sahagún, General History of the Things of New Spain The "Mountain of Silver" and the Mita System 90. Antonio Vazquez de Espinosa, Compendium and Description of the West Indies African Reactions to the European Presence An African Voice of Ambivalence? 91. Nzinga Mbemba (Afonso I), Letters to the King of Portugal Images of the Portuguese in the Art of Benin 92. A Benin-Portuguese Saltcellar and A Benin Wall Plaque The Economics of the West African Slave Trade 93. James Barbot, A Voyage to New Calabar River in the Year 1699 Chinese and Japanese Reactions to the West The Jesuits in China 94. Matteo Ricci, Journals The Seclusion of Japan 95. Tokugawa Iemitsu, Closed Country Edict of 1635 and Exclusion of the Portuguese, 1639 The Great Mughals and the West Dealing with the Faringis 96. Abul Fazl, Akbarnama Seventeenth-Century Commerce in India 97. Jean-Baptiste Tavernier, Travels in India Multiple Voices VIII: The Spaniards and the Tlaxcalans 1. Hernén Cortés, Report 2. Bernal Díaz del Castillo, True History of the Conquest of New Spain 3. Bernardino de Sahagún, General History of the Things of New Spain 4. Lienzo de Tlaxcala 5. Santiago Matamoros Volume II Prologue: Primary Sources and How to Read Them Examining Primary Sources You and the Sources Analyzing Sample Sources Interpreting the Sources I. A New Era of Interaction and Exchange: The Fifteenth Through Seventeenth Centuries 1. Europe in an Age of Conflict and Expansion Religious Controversy in the Reformation Era A Protestant View of Christianity 1. Martin Luther, Table Talk Art as Protestant Propaganda 2. Lucas Cranach the Younger, Two Kinds of Preaching: Evangelical and Papal Emerging Capitalism and Its Critics Two German Critics of Merchants and Their Ethos 3. The Reformation of the Emperor Sigismund and Martin Luther, Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation Antwerp and Its Merchants 4. Ludovico Guicciardini, Description of All the Low Countries Marriage and Families in Early Modern Europe Upper-Class Marriage in Renaissance Florence 5. Leon Battista Alberti, Book of the Family A Sixteenth-Century Commentary on Marriage 6. Erhard Schön, No More Precious Treasure Is on the Earth Than a Gentle Wife Who Longs for Honor The Beginnings of the Scientific Revolution Science and the Claims of Religion 7. Galileo Galilei, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina The Promise of Science 8. Francis Bacon, New Organon Multiple Voices I: European Views of Native Americans 1. Christopher Columbus, A Letter Concerning a Recently Discovered Islands 2. Anonymous Woodcut of South American Indians 32. Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, Democrates Secundus, or the Just Causes of War Against the Indians 4. Bartolomé de la Casas, In Defense of the Indians 5. Theodore de Bry, Columbus Greeted by Natives 2. The Islamic Heartland and India Rulers and Their Challenges in the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires A European Diplomat's Impressions of Suleiman I 9. Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq, Turkish Letters Shah Abbas I: Policies and Personality 10. Eskandar Beg Monshi, History of Shah Abbas the Great A Self-Portrait of Jahangir 11. Jahangir, Memoirs Religion and Society in South and Southwest Asia Sunni-Shia Conflict in the Early Sixteenth Century 12. Sultan Selim I, Letter to Shah Ismail of Persia A Muslim's Description of Hindu Beliefs and Practices 13. Abul Fazi, Akbarnama Women and Islamic Law in the Ottoman Empire 14. Khayr al-Din Ramli, Legal Opinions 3. Continuity and Change in East and Southeast Asia Confucianism in China and Japan "Doing Good" in Seventeenth-Century China 15. Meritorious Deeds at No Cost Teaching the Young in Tokugawa Japan 16. Kaibara and Token Ekiken, Common Sense Teachings for Japanese Children and Greater Learning for Women Merchants in a Confucian World 17. Wang Daokun, Biographies of Zhu Jiefu and Gentleman Wang Political Decline and Recovery in China and Japan Symptoms of Ming Decline 18. Yang Lien, Memorial to Emperor Ming Xizong Concerning Eunuch Wei Zhongxian The Reunification of Japan Under Hideyoshi and the Tokugawa Clan 19. Edict on the Collections of Swords; Laws Governing the Military Households; Closed Country Edict Multiple Voices II: Asian Views of Christianity 1. Hideyoshi, 1587 Edicts on Christianity 2. Matteo Ricci, Journal 3. Paul Simon, Report to Pope V 4. Africa and the Americas Africans and the Portuguese Political Breakdown in the Kingdom of Kongo 20. Nzinga Mbemba (Alonso I), Letters to the King of Portugal Military Conflict in Southeast Asia 21. Joao dos Santos, Eastern Ethiopia Encounters in the Americas The Battle for Tenochtitlán 22. Bernardino de Sahagún, General History of the Things of New Spain Conflict in New Netherland 23. David Pieterzen DeVries, Voyages from Holland to America Land and Labor in Spanish America Indian Labor and Tribute in Mexico 24. Alonso de Zorita, The Brief and Summary Relation of the Lords of New Spain The "Mountain of Silver" and the Mita System 25. Antonio Vazquez de Espinosa, Compendium and Description of the West Indies II. A World of Transformation and Tradition: Mid Seventeenth to Early Nineteenth Century 5. Europe and the Americas in an Age of Science, Economic Growth, and Revolution An Age of Monarchy--Absolute and Limited A Classic Statement of Absolutist Principles 26. Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, Polititics Derived from the Worlds of Holy Scripture The Foundations of Parliamentary Supremacy in England 27. English Bill of Rights Peter the Great's Blueprint for Russia 28. Peter the Great, Edicts and Decrees An Age of Science and Enlightenment Two Images of Seventeenth-Century Science 29. Sébastien Le Clerc, The Royal Academy and Its Protectors and A Dissection at the Jardin Des Plantes A Plea for Religious Understanding and Tolerance 30. Voltaire, Treatise on Toleration Capitalism's Prophet 31. Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations Revolution in France The Principles of the French Revolution 32. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen Nationalism and Revolution in France 33. Decree for Proclaiming the Liberty and Sovereignty of All Peoples; Proposal for the Levée en masse; Report of the Committee of Public Safety on Drafting Poets and Citizens for the Cause of Revolution; Report of the Committee of Public Safety on Revolutionary Education Anticolonialism and Revolution in the Americas "Simple Facts, Plain Arguments, and Common Sense" 34. Thomas Paine, Common Sense Bolívar's Dreams for Latin America 35. Simón Bolívar, The Jamaica Letter Multiple Voices III: The Slave Trade Debate: European, African, and American Perspectives 1. John Wesley, Thoughts Upon Slavery 2. Society of the Friends of Blacks, Address to the National Assembly in Favor of the Abolition of the Slave Trade 3. W.S. Ryneveld, Response to Governor Macartney's Questionnaire 4. Joseph Dupuis, Summary of a Conversation with Osei Bonso, King of Asante 6. Africa, Southwest Asia, and India in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Africa's Curse: The Slave Trade The Path to Enslavement in America 36. Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano Written by Himself The Economics of the Slave Trade on Africa's Coast 37. Thomas Phillips, A Journal of a Voyage Made in the Hannibal of London in 1694 Political Change in the Ottoman and Mughal Empires An Insider's View of Ottoman Decline 38. Mehmed Pasha, The Book of Counsel for Viziers and Governors European Designs on India 39. Joseph Franois Dupleix, Memorandum to the Directors of the French East India Company; Robert Clive, Letter to William Pitt the Elder The Continuing Vitality of Islam A Call to Recapture Islam's Purity 40. Abdullah Wahhab, The History and Doctrines of the Wahhabis Jihad in the Western Sudan 41. Usman dan Fodio, Selections from His Writings 7. Change and Continuity in East Asia China's Revival Under the Qing Emperor Kangxi Views His World 42. Kagxi, Self-Portrait Negotiating with the Qianlong Emperor 43. Sir Henry Dundas, Letter to Lord George Macartney Qianlong's Rejection of British Demands 44. Emperor Qianlong, Edict on Trade with Great Britain Social and Economic Change in Tokugawa Japan The National Learning Movement 45. Kamo Mabuchi, A Study of the Idea of the Nation The Social Ills of Tokugawa Japan 46. Honda Toshiaki, A Secret Plan of Government Multiple Voices IV: Two Emperors: Portraits and Power 1. Giuseppe Castiglione, Qianlong at Leisure on New Year's Eve 2. Giuseppe Castiglione, Taking a Stag with a Mighty Arrow 3. Giuseppe Castiglione and Jin Tingbaiao, Qianlong in his Study 4. Jacques-Louis David, Bonaparte Crossing the Alps at Saint-Bernard 5. Jacques-Louis David, The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileres III. The World in the Age of Western Dominance: 1800-1914 8. The West in the Age of Industrialization and Imperialism Industrialization and the Working Class in Europe English Workers in the Early Industrial Revolution 47. Testimony Before Parliamentary Committees on Working Conditions in England A Working-Class Family in Berlin 48. Otto von Leixner, Letters from Berlin, with Special Reference to Social-Democratic Movements New Perspectives on Humanity and Society The Marxist Critique of Industrial Capitalism 49. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto The Principles of Darwinism 50. Charles Darwin, On the Origins of Species and The Descent of Man The Fight for Women's Political Rights American Women Demand Equality 51. Ohio Women's Convention of 1850, Resolutions Violence and Women's Suffrage in England 52. Emmeline Pankhurst, Why We Are Militant Nationalism and Imperialism in the Late Nineteenth Century Racism, Militarism, and the New Nationalism 53. Heinrich von Treitschke, Extracts from History of Germany in the Nineteenth Century and Historical and Political Writings A Defense of French Imperialism 54. Jules Ferry, Speech Before the French National Assembly Images of Imperialism in Great Britain 55. Advertisements and Illustrations from British Books and Periodicals Multiple Voices V: The American Response to Chinese Immigration, 1870s to the Early 1900s 16. M.B. Starr, The Coming Struggle; or What the People on the Pacific Coast Think of the Coolie Invasion 2. American Federation of Labor, Some Reasons for Chinese Exclusion 3. Testimony from Joint Special Congressional Committee on Chinese Immigration 4. George F. Seward, Chinese Immigration in Its Social and Economical Aspects 50. Thomas Nast, "The Chinese Question" 6. George Keller, "The Coming Man" 9. Western Pressures, Nationalism, and Reform in Africa, Southwest Asia, and India in the 1800s The European Assault on Africa "With the View of Bettering...Our Country" 56. Royal Niger Company, Standard Treaty The Fate of the Ndbele 57. Ndansi Kumalo, His Story Imperialist Economics and Rebellion in German East Africa 58. Records of the Maji-Maji Rebellion Southwest Asia Under Siege Persian Opposition to the Tobacco Concession 59. Sayyid Jamal ad-Din, Letter to Hasan Shirazi The Beginnings of Arab Nationalism 60. Announcement to the Arabs, Sons of Qahtan India Under British Domination The Case for Western Schools 61. Rammohun Roy, Letter to Lord Amherst and Thomas Babington Macaulay, Minute on Education The Pros and Cons of British Rule 62. Dadabhai Naoroji, 1871 London Speech 10. East and Southeast Asia Confront the West The Disintegration of Imperial China The Curse of Opium 63. Lin Zexu, Letter to Queen Victoria The Self-Strengthening Movement 64. Feng Guifen, Personal Protests from the Study of Jiaobin The Emergence of Modern Japan Eastern Ethics and Western Science 65. Sakuma Shozan, Reflections On My Errors Patriotic Duty and Business Success 66. Iwasaki Yataro, Letter to Mitsubishi Employees Images of the West in Late Tokugawa and Meiji Japan 67. Prints and Drawings, 1853-1887 Southeast Asia in the Era of Imperialism Reform from Above in Thailand 68. King Chulalongkorn, Edicts and Proclamations The Fall of Vietnam 69. Phan Thanh Gian, Letter to Emperor Tu Duc and Last Message to His Administrators Multiple Voices VI: The Loosening of Tradition: Feminist Voices in Egypt, Iran, China, and Japan 1. "Girls' Education Is the Basis of Civilization and Moral Refinement" 2. Batithat al-Badiya, "Lecture in the Club of the Umma Party" 3. Qiu Jin, "An Address to Two Hundred Million Fellow Countrywomen" 4. Hiratsuka Raicho, "In the Beginning Woman Was the Sun" IV. The Global Community and Its Challenges in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries 11. The Industrialized World in Crisis The Trauma of World War I The Romance of War 70. Popular Art and Poster Art from Germany, England, and Australia Twenty-Four Hours on the Western Front 71. Henry S. Clapham, Mud and Khaki, Memoirs of an Incomplete Soldier The Russian Revolution and the Foundation of the Soviet State The Basic Tenets of Leninism 72. Lenin, What Is to Be Done? Forging the Soviet State 73. Communist Decrees and Legislation, 1917-1918 Ultranationalism in Germany and Japan Hitler's Dreams 74. Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf The Destiny of Japan 75. The Way of Subjects The Legacy of World War II "The Führer, You Order. We Obey" 76. Rudolf Höss, Memoirs August 6, 1945 77. Iwao Nakamura and Atsuko Tsujioka, Recollections Multiple Voices VII: The Decision to Drop the Atomic Bomb 1. Memorandum of Conversation with General Marshall 2. Arthur Compton, Recollection of Interim Committee Meeting 3. The Franck Report 4. The Szilard Petition 5. President Harry Truman, Letter to Samuel Cavert 6. Henry Stimson, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb 12. Anticolonialism, Nationalism, and Revolution in Africa, Asia, and Latin America African Society and Identity Under Colonial Rule Eagles into Chickens 78. James Aggrey, Parable of the Eagle The Value of African Tradition 79. Kabaka Daudi Chwa, Education, Civilization, and "Foreignization" in Buganda Political and Religious Currents in the Middle East Secularism and Nationalism in Republican Turkey 80. Mustafa Kemal, Speech to the Congress of the People's Republican Party A Call for Islamic Social and Political Action 81. The Muslim Brotherhood, Toward the Light Anticolonialism in India and Southeast Asia Gandhi's Vision for India 82. Mohandas Gandhi, Indian Home Rule A Vietnamese Condemnation of French Rule 83. Nguyen Thai Hoc, Letter to the French Chamber of Deputies Latin America in an Era of Economic Challenge and Political Change Economic Dependency and Its Dangers 84. Francisco Garcia Calderón, Latin America: Its Rise and Progress Economic Nationalism in Mexico 85. Lázaro Cárdenas, Speech to the Nation China in an Era of Political Disintegration and Revolution The May 4th Movement and the Birth of Chinese Nationalism 86. Deng Yingchao, The Spirit of the May 4th Movement The Maoist Version of Marxism 87. Mao Zedong, Report on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan and Strategic Problems of China's Revolutionary War 13. The Global Community Since 1945 From World War II to the Cold War Cold War Origins: A Soviet Perspective 88. Nikolai Novikov, Telegram The Soviet Threat: A U.S. Perspective 89. National Security Council,United States Objectives and Programs for National Security The End of Europe's Empires Great Britain Lets Go of India 90. Debate in the House of Commons Colonialism's Legacy: An African Perspective 91. Patrice Lumumba, Independence Day Speech New Nations and Their Challenges The Challenge of Ethnic Tensions 92. C. Odumegwu Ojukwu, Speeches and Writings The Challenge of Religious Conflict 93. Girilal Jain, Editorial on the Hindu State Communism's Retreat China's New Course 94. Deng Xiaoping, Speeches and Writings A Plan to Save Communism in the Soviet Union 95. Mikhail Gorbachev, Perestroika Terrorism in a Global Age The Worldview of Osama bin Laden 96. Osama bin Laden, Declaration of Jihad Against Americans Occupying the Land of the Two Holy Mosques The Final Step Toward Martyrdom 97. Mohammed Atta, The Last Night The Promise and Pains of Globalization The Dangers of NAFTA, GATT, and Free Trade 98. Ralph Nader, Free Trade and the Decline of Democracy "Globaphobia" Is No Answer 99. Gary Burtless, Robert Z. Lawrence, Robert E. Litan, and Robert Shapiro, Globaphobia: Confronting Fears about Open Trade Economic Development in the Era of Globalization 100. World Bank, World Development Indicators