Thoroughly updated for its Fourth Edition, BRS Physiology is an excellent aid for students preparing for the USMLE Step 1. The book concisely reviews key physiological principles and includes clinical correlations throughout to emphasize connections between basic physiology and clinical medicine. Numerous illustrations, tables, and flow charts help students visualize material quickly and aid in long-term retention. End-of-chapter USMLE-style questions and a comprehensive end-of-book exam test the student's problem-solving skills, and clearly explained answers guide the student through the correct steps in reasoning. This edition features increased coverage of pathophysiology, new questions, and a new two-color design and artwork.

This collection of 60 cases covers the clinically relevant physiology topics that first- and second-year medical students need to know for a first-year physiology course and for USMLE Step 1. Organized by body system, the book presents case studies with questions and problems, followed by complete explanations and solutions including diagrams, graphs, and charts. This edition includes four new cases and more illustrations and flowcharts. A companion Website will offer the fully searchable online text.

Cellular and Autonomic Physiology

• Case 1 Permeability and Simple Diffusion
• Case 2 Osmolarity, Osmotic Pressure, and Osmosis
• Case 3 Nernst Equation and Equilibrium Potentials
• Case 4 Primary Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis
• Case 5 Epidural Anesthesia: Effect of Lidocaine on Nerve Action Potentials
• Case 6 Multiple Sclerosis: Myelin and Conduction Velocity
• Case 7 Myasthenia Gravis: Neuromuscular Transmission
• Case 8 Pheochromocytoma: Effects of Catecholamines
• Case 9 Shy-Drager Syndrome: Central Autonomic Failure

Cardiovascular Physiology

• Case 10 Essential Cardiovascular Calculations
• Case 11 Ventricular Pressure-Volume Loops
• Case 12 Responses to Changes in Posture
• Case 13 Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise
• Case 14 Renovascular Hypertension: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
• Case 15 Hypovolemic Shock: Regulation of Blood Pressure
• Case 16 Primary Pulmonary Hypertension: Right Ventricular Failure
• Case 17 Myocardial Infarction: Left Ventricular Failure
• Case 18 Ventricular Septal Defect
• Case 19 Aortic Stenosis
• Case 20 Atrioventricular Conduction Block

Respiratory Physiology

• Case 21 Essential Respiratory Calculations: Lung Volumes, Dead Space, and Alveolar Ventilation
• Case 22 Essential Respiratory Calculations: Gases and Gas Exchange
• Case 23 Ascent to High Altitude
• Case 24 Asthma: Obstructive Lung Disease 128
• Case 25 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Case 26 Interstitial Fibrosis: Restrictive Lung Disease
• Case 27 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
• Case 28 Pneumothorax

Renal and Acid-Base Physiology

• Case 29 Essential Calculations in Renal Physiology
• Case 30 Essential Calculations in Acid-Base Physiology
• Case 31 Glucosuria: Diabetes Mellitus
• Case 32 Hyperaldosteronism: Conn's Syndrome
• Case 33 Central Diabetes Insipidus
• Case 34 Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
• Case 35 Generalized Edema: Nephrotic Syndrome
• Case 36 Metabolic Acidosis: Diabetic Ketoacidosis
• Case 37 Metabolic Acidosis: Diarrhea
• Case 38 Metabolic Acidosis: Methanol Poisoning
• Case 39 Metabolic Alkalosis: Vomiting
• Case 40 Respiratory Acidosis: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
• Case 41 Respiratory Alkalosis: Hysterical Hyperventilation

Gastrointestinal Physiology

• Case 42 Difficulty in Swallowing: Achalasia
• Case 43 Malabsorption of Carbohydrates: Lactose Intolerance
• Case 44 Peptic Ulcer Disease: Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
• Case 45 Peptic Ulcer Disease: Helicobacter pylori Infection
• Case 46 Secretory Diarrhea: Escherichia coli Infection
• Case 47 Bile Acid Deficiency: Ileal Resection

Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology

• Case 48 Growth Hormone-Secreting Tumor: Acromegaly
• Case 49 Galactorrhea and Amenorrhea: Prolactinoma
• Case 50 Hyperthyroidism: Graves' Disease
• Case 51 Hypothyroidism: Autoimmune Thyroiditis
• Case 52 Adrenocortical Excess: Cushing's Syndrome
• Case 53 Adrenocortical Insufficiency: Addison's Disease
• Case 54 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: 21β-Hydroxylase Deficiency
• Case 55 Primary Hyperparathyroidism
• Case 56 Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy
• Case 57 Hyperglycemia: Type I Diabetes Mellitus
• Case 58 Primary Amenorrhea: Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
• Case 59 Male Hypogonadism: Kallmann's Syndrome
• Case 60 Male Pseudohermaphroditism: 5α-Reductase Deficiency

Appendix

Index