Drawing on interviews, democratic theory, and extensive archival research, Paul C. Rosier tells the story of the Blackfeet Nation during the first half of the twentieth century. At the turn of the century, the Blackfeet, like many Native groups, were suffering from the cultural and economic effects of land loss, poverty, forced education at federal boarding schools, and overt political control by the federal government. By midcentury, however, the Blackfeet Nation had undergone a rapid and complex political and economic transformation. The Blackfeet embraced and largely benefited from the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, which promoted tribal sovereignty and administration and halted land loss. The Blackfeet Tribal Business Council became a powerful force both on and off the reservation, and a class system emerged, consisting of wealthy Blackfeet ranchers and oil lessees, the very poor, and a middle class whose fortunes were tied to government and tribal credit programs for livestock, farm, and rehabilitation loans.

How and why did these changes happen? Focusing on the internal political, economic, and ethnic forces shaping the Blackfeet Nation — and incorporating Blackfeet voices throughout — Rosier shows how these transformations were not imposed on the Blackfeet but were the result of their continuing efforts to create a community of their own making and to reorganize relations with outsiders on their own terms. In particular, Rosier questions prevailing assumptions about the Indian Reorganization Act and its effects on tribal sovereignty. He argues that the IRA provided useful tools for democratic political reform and for enhancing tribal sovereignty during the "termination"period of the 1950s. This book illuminates two key periods in modern Indian-white relations and broadens our understanding of the meaning of democracy in America.

(Great Plains Quarterly)

(Larry Burt, Western Historical Quarterly)

(George Heavy Runner, American Studies)

(Darrel Robes Kipp, Great Plains Quarterly)

(Larry Burt, Western Historical Quarterly)

(Stephen Cornell, Journal of Interdisciplinary History)

Drawing on interviews, democratic theory, and extensive archival research, Paul C. Rosier focuses on the internal political, economic, and ethnic forces shaping the Blackfeet Nation during the first half of the twentieth century. Incorporating Blackfeet voices throughout his study, Rosier shows how transformations were not imposed on the Blackfeet but were the result of their continuing efforts to create a community of their own design and to reorganize relations with outsiders on their own terms. "Rebirth of the Blackfeet Nation, 1912-1954" illuminates a pivotal time in modern Indian-white relations and broadens our understanding of the meaning of democracy in America.