Dewey. Bellow. Strauss. Friedman. The University of Chicago has been the home of some of the most important thinkers of the modern age. But perhaps no name has been spoken with more respect than Turabian. The dissertation secretary at Chicago for decades, Kate Turabian literally wrote the book on the successful completion and submission of the student paper. Her Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, created from her years of experience with research projects across all fields, has sold more than seven million copies since it was first published in 1937.

Now, with this seventh edition, Turabians Manual has undergone its most extensive revision, ensuring that it will remain the most valuable handbook for writers at every levelfrom first-year undergraduates, to dissertation writers apprehensively submitting final manuscripts, to senior scholars who may be old hands at research and writing but less familiar with new media citation styles. Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, and the late Wayne C. Booththe gifted team behind The Craft of Researchand the University of Chicago Press Editorial Staff combined their wide-ranging expertise to remake this classic resource. They preserve Turabians clear and practical advice while fully embracing the new modes of research, writing, and source citation brought about by the age of the Internet.

Booth, Colomb, and Williams significantly expand the scope of previous editions by creating a guide, generous in length and tone, to the art of research and writing. Growing out of the authors best-selling Craft of Research, this new section provides students with an overview of every step of the research and writing process, from formulating the right questions to reading critically to building arguments and revising drafts. This leads naturally to the second part of the Manual for Writers, which offers an authoritative overview of citation practices in scholarly writing, as well as detailed information on the two main citation styles (“notes-bibliography” and “author-date”). This section has been fully revised to reflect the recommendations of the fifteenth edition of The Chicago Manual of Style and to present an expanded array of source types and updated examples, including guidance on citing electronic sources.

The final section of the book treats issues of stylethe details that go into making a strong paper. Here writers will find advice on a wide range of topics, including punctuation, table formatting, and use of quotations. The appendix draws together everything writers need to know about formatting research papers, theses, and dissertations and preparing them for submission. This material has been thoroughly vetted by dissertation officials at colleges and universities across the country.

This seventh edition of Turabians Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations is a classic reference revised for a new age. It is tailored to a new generation of writers using tools its original author could not have imaginedwhile retaining the clarity and authority that generations of scholars have come to associate with the name Turabian.

Kate Turabian (1893–1987) was the graduate school dissertation secretary at the University of Chicago from 1930 to 1958.  Wayne Clayson Booth (1921-2005) was the George M. Pullman Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus in English Language and Literature at the University of Chicago. Gregory G. Colomb is professor of English at the University of Virginia and the author of Designs on Truth: The Poetics of the Augustan Mock-Epic. Joseph M. Williams is professor emeritus in the Department of English Language and Literature at the University of Chicago and the author of Style: Toward Clarity and Grace. Together Booth, Colomb, and Williams are the authors of the bestselling guide The Craft of Research, also published by the University of Chicago Press.

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgements

Part I   Research and Writing: From Planning to Production

Wayne C. Booth, Gregory C. Colomb, and Joseph M. Williams

Overview of Part I

Chapter 1 What Research Is and How Researchers Think about It

1.1 How Researchers Think about Their Aims

1.2 Three Kinds of Questions That Researchers Ask

Chapter 2 Moving from a Topic to a Question to a Working Hypothesis

2.1 Find a Question in Your Topic

2.2 Propose Some Working Answers

2.3 Build a Storyboard to Plan and Guide Your Work

2.4 Organize a Writing Support Group

Chapter 3 Finding Useful Sources

3.1 Understand the Kinds of Sources Readers Expect You to Use

3.2  Record Your Sources Fully, Accurately, and Appropriately

3.3 Search for Sources Systematically

3.4 Evaluate Sources for Relevance and Reliability

3.5 Look beyond the Usual Kinds of References

Chapter 4 Engaging Sources

4.1 Read Generously to Understand, Then Critically to Engage and Evaluate

4.2 Take Notes Systematically

4.3 Take Useful Notes

4.4 Write as You read

4.5 Review Your Progress

4.6 Manage Moments of Normal Panic

Chapter 5 Planning Your Argument

5.1 What a Research Argument Is and Is Not

5.2 Build Your Argument around Answers to Readers' Questions

5.3 Turn Your Working Hypothesis into a Claim

5.4 Assemble the Elements of Your Argument

5.5 Distinguish Arguments Based on Evidence from Arguments Based on Warrants

5.6 Assemble an Argument

Chapter 6 Planning a First Draft

6.1 Avoid Unhelpful Plans

6.2 Create a Plan That Meets Your Readers' Needs

6.3 File Away Leftovers

Chapter 7 Drafting Your Report

7.1 Draft in the Way That Feels Most Comfortable

7.2 Develop Productive Drafting Habits

7.3 Use Your Key Terms to Keep Yourself on Track

7.4 Quote, Paraphrase, and Summarize Appropriately

7.5 Integrate Quotations into Your Text

7.6 Use Footnotes and Endnotes Judiciously

7.7 Interpret Complex or Detailed Evidence before You Offer It

7.8 Be Open to Surprises

7.9 Guard against Inadvertent Plagiarism

7.10 Guard against Inappropriate Assistance

7.11 Work through Chronic Procrastination and Writer's Block

Chapter 8 Presenting Evidence in Tables and Figures

8.1 Choose Verbal or Visual Representations

8.2 Choose the Most Effective Graphic

8.3 Design Tables and Figures

8.4 Communicate Data Ethically

Chapter 9 Revising Your Draft

9.1 Check Your Introduction, Conclusion, and Claim

9.2 Make Sure the Body of Your Report Is Coherent

9.3 Check Your Paragraphs

9.4 Let Your Draft Cool, Then Paraphrase It

Chapter 10 Writing Your Final Introduction and Conclusion

10.1 Draft Your Final Introduction

10.2 Draft Your Final Conclusion

10.3 Write Your Title Last

Chapter 11 Revising Sentences

11.1 Focus on the First Seven or Eight Words of a Sentence

11.2 Diagnose What You Read

11.3 Choose the Right Word

11.4 Polish It Off

11.5 Give It Up and Print It Out

Chapter 12 Learning from Your Returned Paper

12.1 Find General Principles in Specific Comments

12.2 Talk to Your Instructor

Chapter 13 Presenting Research in Alternative Forums

13.1 Plan Your Oral Presentation

13.2 Design Your Presentation to Be Listened To

13.3 Plan Your Poster Presentation

13.4 Plan Your Conference Proposal

Chapter 14 On the Spirit of Research

Part II Source Citation

Chapter 15 General Introduction to Citation Practices

15.1 Reasons for Citing Your Sources

15.2 The Requirements of Citation

15.3 Two Citation Styles

15.4 Citation of Electronic Sources

15.5 Preparation of Citations

15.6 A Word on Citation Software

Chapter 16 Notes-Bibliography Style: The Basic Form

16.1 Basic Patterns

16.2 Bibliographies

16.3 Notes

16.4 Short Forms for Notes

Chapter 17 Notes-Bibliography Style: Citing Specific Types of Sources

17.1 Books

17.2 Journal Articles

17.3 Magazine Articles

17.4 Newspaper Articles

17.5 Additional Types of Published Sources

17.6 Unpublished Sources

17.7 Informally Published Electronic Sources

17.8 Sources in the Visual and Performing arts

17.9 Public Documents

17.10 One Source Quoted in Another

Chapter 18 Parenthetical Citations- Reference List Style: The Basic Form

18.1 Basic Patterns

18.2 Reference Lists

18.3 Parenthetical Citations

Chapter 19 Parenthetical Citations- Reference List Style: Citing Specific Types of Sources

19.1 Books

19.2 Journal Articles

19.3 Magazine Articles

19.4 Newspaper Articles

19.5 Additional Types of Published Sources

19.6 Unpublished Sources

19.7 Informally Published Electronic Sources

19.8 Sources in the Visual and Performing Arts19.9 Public Documents

19.10 One Source Quoted in Another

Part III Style

Chapter 20 Spelling

20.1 Plurals

20.2 Possessives

20.3 Compounds and Words Formed with Prefixes

20.4 Line Breaks

Chapter 21 Punctuation

21.1 Period

21.2 Comma

21.3 Semicolon

21.4 Colon

21.5 Question Mark

21.6 Exclamation Point

21.7 Hyphen and Dashes

21.8 Parentheses and Brackets

21.9 Slashes

21.10 Quotation Marks

21.11 Multiple Punctuation Marks

Chapter 22 Names, Special Terms, and Titles of Works

22.1 Names

22.2 Special Terms

22.3 Titles of Works

Chapter 23 Numbers

23.1 Words or Numerals?

23.2 Plurals and Punctuation

23.3 Date Systems

23.4 Numbers Used outside the Text

Chapter 24 Abbreviations

24.1 General Principles

24.2 Names and Titles

24.3 Geographical Terms

24.4 Time and Dates

24.5 Units of Measure

24.6 The Bible and Other Sacred Works

24.7 Abbreviations in Citations and Other Scholarly Contexts

Chapter 25 Quotations

25.1 Quoting Accurately and Avoiding Plagiarism

25.2 Incorporating Quotations into Your Text

25.3 Modifying Quotations

Chapter 26 Tables and Figures

26.1 General Issues

26.2 Tables

26.3 Figures

Chapter Appendix: Paper Format and Submission

A.1 General Format Requirements

A.2 Format Requirements for Specific Elements

A.3 Submission Requirements

Bibliography

Authors

Index