On Her Own Terms: Annie Montague Alexander and the Rise of Science in the American West

At a time when women could not vote and very few were involved in the world outside the home, Annie Montague Alexander (1867-1950) was an intrepid explorer, amateur naturalist, skilled markswoman, philanthropist, farmer, and founder and patron of two natural history museums at the University of California, Berkeley. Barbara R. Stein presents a luminous portrait of this remarkable woman, a pioneer who helped shape the world of science in California, yet whose name has been little known until now.

Alexander's father founded a Hawaiian sugar empire, and his great wealth afforded his adventurous daughter the opportunity to pursue her many interests. Stein portrays Alexander as a complex, intelligent, woman who--despite her frail appearance--was determined to achieve something with her life. Along with Louise Kellogg, her partner of forty years, Alexander collected thousands of animal, plant, and fossil specimens throughout western North America. Their collections serve as an invaluable record of the flora and fauna that were beginning to disappear as the West succumbed to spiraling population growth, urbanization, and agricultural development. Today at least seventeen taxa are named for Alexander, and several others honor Kellogg, who continued to make field trips after Alexander's death.

Alexander's dealings with scientists and her encouragement--and funding--of women to do field research earned her much admiration, even from those with whom she clashed. Stein's extensive use of archival material, including excerpts from correspondence and diaries, allows us to see Annie Alexander as a keen observer of human nature who loved women and believed in their capabilities. Her legacy endures in the fields of zoology and paleontology and also in the lives of women who seek to follow their own star to the fullest degree possible.

"Make no mistake--this is not a book about a single subject. It is rather about a life of enormous breadth and substance, one engaging science, conservation, philanthropy, education, and women's rights. Annie Montague Alexander was extraordinary, and Barbara Stein has done her subject proud."--Alfred Runte, author of Yosemite: The Embattled Wilderness

"Based on Annie Montague Alexander's correspondence and diaries, Barbara Stein has created a vivid and at times intimate portrait of a woman scientist at the turn of the twentieth century. This is an epic story that resonates with our contemporary desire to illuminate women's lives, and with our efforts to understand and preserve the natural world of California and the West."--Ruth Sime, author of Lise Meitner: A Life in Physics

"A thorough and insightful account of a remarkable individual who, as an important patron and an amateur contributor, influenced the course of early twentieth-century science. Alexander's life is also important simply as a human story of how an itelligent, active, and strong-minded woman coped with the problems of identity and work in the post-Victorian era. It's a great story of a complex and admirable woman, and a significant contribution to California history and the history of field science."--Robert E. Kohler, University of Pennsylvania

"A clear account of one of the most important contributions to the study of natural history on the west coast."--David Rains Wallace, author of The Bonehunter's Revenge: Dinosaurs, Greed, and the Greatest Feud of the Gilded Age

The biography of Annie Alexander (1867-1950), an adventurous, independent woman, amateur naturalist, intrepid collector of mammals and fossils, she was the founder and patron of two natural history museums at the UC, Berkeley, and remains an inspiration to all women, especially those in science.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 321-358) and index.

From 1985 to 2000, Barbara R. Stein was Curatorial Associate and Researcher at the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology at the University of California, Berkeley. Her book about Alexander grew out of a 1994 symposium on the history of women at the Berkeley campus.

Acknowledgments

Introduction

1. Samuel Alexander and Henry Baldwin

2. Life in Oakland

3. A Passion for Paleontology

4. Africa, 1904

5. Meeting C. Hart Merriam

6. Alaska, 1906

7. Meeting Joseph Grinnell

8. Founding a Museum of Vertebrate Zoology

9. An Unusual Collaboration

10. Louise and Prince William Sound

11. Support for Paleontology

12. Hearst, Sather, Flood

13. Innisfail Ranch

14. Vancouver Island and the Trinity Alps

15. The Team of Alexander and Kellogg

16. From "A Friend of the University"

17. Founding a Museum of Paleontology

18. A Restless Decade

19. Europe, 1923

20. The Temple Tour

21. The "Amoeba Treatment"

22. Fieldwork--The Later Years

23. Saline Valley

24. The End of an Era

25. Hawaii--"My Only Real Home"

26. The Switch to Botany

27. Baja California--Tres mujeres sin miedo

28. Investing in the Future

29. An Enduring Legacy

Epilogue

Appendix

Notes

Index