Sweetbitter Love: Poems of Sappho

Including an introduction, extensive notes and a glossary, and testimonia from Sappho's admirers and critics from Plato to Plutarch. One of the greatest of the Greek lyric poets– and one of the very few women poets of the ancient world whom we know by name– Sappho wrote incomparable songs of love, heartache, and desire that have enthralled readers for more than two millennia. Though her extant work consists of a collection of fragments and only a handful of complete poems, her mystique endures as she is discovered anew by each generation, inspiring new efforts at bringing the spirit of her poetry faithfully into English. In the past, translators have taken two approaches to Sappho's work: either literally translating the extant fragments, or taking liberties by filling in the gaps, imagining what might be missing. Willis Barnstone has taken a middle path, in which he remains faithful to the words of the fragments, only very judiciously filling in a word or phrase in cases where the meaning is obvious. In his unique approach he aims for a fine balance between the literal and underlying meanings of the text. It is a method that he has written about extensively, and that has been the guiding principle behind his much-praised translations of Rainer Maria Rilke, Jorge Luis Borges, Antonio Machado, St. John of the Cross, and the Bible. Sweetbitter Love includes a wealth of materials that enhance the text and provide insight into Sappho and her world. In addition to the extensive introduction and explanatory notes, there is an intriguing-to-read glossary that identifies in detail the characters Sappho refers to, both divine and human, as well as the places she mentions; and afascinating collection of " Testimonia" translated selections from the ancient Greek and Latin world that refer to Sappho– biographical material, descriptions of her appearance, praise, criticism, poems dedicated to her or inspired by her– by everyone from Plato to Plutarch.

Sappho is the greatest lyric poet of antiquity. Plato, a century after her death, referred to her as “the Tenth Muse,” and Longinos, in his first-century treatise “On the Sublime,” uses her verse to exemplify that transcendent quality in literature. In Sappho’s lyrics we hear for the first time in the West the words of an individual woman of her own world: her apprehension of sun and orchards; the troubles and summits of love, desire, and friendship. Her poems combine an impression of intimate self-involvement with an almost modern sense of detachment.

Though time has reduced the nine volumes of her work to a handful of complete poems and a collection of fragments, each word and phrase that survives is poignantly significant. The clarity of her voice, its absolute candor, its amazing fresh authority—whether in addressing a goddess, dancers before a night altar, the moon and stars, a sweet apple or mountain hyacinth, a lamb or cricket, a lover or companion—are qualities that compel us today as in antiquity.

Willis Barnstone has given us a close and beautiful lyrical version. His translation, with the original Greek on facing pages, includes a dozen hitherto unintelligible fragments that have been brought vibrantly back to life by him, as well as Sappho’s newly discovered poem from the Cologne papyrus in its complete form. It also contains the translator’s essay placing the poet in her historic and artistic context; a glossary; extensive notes; an epilogue and metrical guide by William E. McCulloh, Professor Emeritus of Classics at Kenyon College; and a special section of testimonia: appreciations of Sappho in the words of her ancient admirers. <h1> </h1>

In this translation of the Greek poetess's work, Barnstone remains faithful to the words of the fragments, only very judiciously filling in a word or phrase in cases where the meaning is obvious.

Born in Lewiston, Maine, Willis Barnstone was educated at Bowdoin, Columbia, the Sorbonne, and Yale. He taught in Greece at the end of the civil war (1949–51), and in Buenos Aires during the Dirty War. During the Cultural Revolution he went to China where he was later a Fulbright Professor at Beijing Foreign Studies University (1984–85). Former O'Connor Professor of Greek at Colgate University, he is Distinguished Professor of Comparative Literature and Spanish at Indiana University.

His publications include Modern European Poetry (Bantam, 1967), The Other Bible (Harper Collins, 1984), Poetics of Translation: History, Theory, Practice (Yale, 1993), Funny Ways of Staying Alive (University Press of New England, 1993), The Secret Reader: 501 Sonnets (University Press of New England, 1996), the memoir With Borges on an Ordinary Evening in Buenos Aires (University of Illinois, 1993), Algebra of Night: Selected Poems—1949–1998 (Sheep Meadow, 1999), The Apocalypse (New Directions, 2000), Life Watch (BOA Editions, 2003), Border of a Dream: Poems of Antonio Machado (Copper Canyon, 2003), and The Gnostic Bible (Shambhala Publications, 2003).

A Guggenheim Fellow, his awards include a National Endowment for the Arts award, a National Endowments for the Humanities award, an Emily Dickinson Award of the Poetry Society of America, a W. H. Auden Award of the New York State Council on the Arts, the Midland Authors Award, three Book of the Month Selections and four Pulitzer Prize nominations for poetry. His work has appeared in American Poetry Review, Doubletake, Harper's, New York Review of Books, Poetry, Paris Review Poetry, Partisan Review, the New Yorker, and the Times Literary Supplement .