About the contents:

Introduction

• A review of the AP exam format and scoring

• Proven strategies for answering multiple-choice questions

• Hints for tackling the essay questions

• A list of 14 specific must-know principles

Part I: Subject Area Reviews

• Covers 14 subject areas

• Includes sample questions and answers for each subject

Part II: Laboratory Review

• A focused review of all 12 AP laboratory exercises

Part III: AP Biology Practice Tests

• 2 full-length practice tests that simulate the actual test

• Answers and complete explanations

*AP is a registered trademark of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

Over 120,000 high school students take the AP Biology exam each year. This new edition of the bestselling guide features an additional practice test to give students more experience and build their skills and confidence. The practice tests include answers and explanations to help students pinpoint areas for further study. With reviews and exercises addressing all of the test topics plus proven test-taking strategies for both the multiple choice and essay parts of the test, this guide helps students get a higher score. When the pressure’ s on, students know Cliffs is the answer.

Phillip E. Pack, PhD (Altadena, CA) has taught AP Biology and gifted programs for over 15 years. He is an assistant professor of math and science at Woodbury University in Burbank, California.

How You Should Use This Book.

What to Bring to the Exam.

Exam Format.

Exam Grading.

What’s on the Exam.

Hints for Taking the Multiple-Choice Section.

Hints for Taking the Essay Section.

Must-Know Essay Questions.

Some Final Suggestions.

PART I: SUBJECT AREA REVIEWS WITH SAMPLE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

Chemistry.

Review.

Atoms, Molecules, Ions, and Bonds.

Properties of Water.

Organic Molecules.

Carbohydrates.

Lipids.

Proteins.

Nucleic Acids.

Chemical Reactions in Metabolic Processes.

Sample Questions and Answers.

Cells.

Review.

Structure and Function of the Cell.

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.

Movement of Substances.

Sample Questions and Answers.

Cellular Respiration.

Review.

Glycolysis.

The Krebs Cycle.

Oxidative Phosphorylation.

How Many ATP?

Mitochondria.

Chemiosmosis in Mitochondria.

Two Types of Phosphorylation.

Anaerobic Respiration.

Alcohol Fermentation.

Lactic Acid Fermentation.

Sample Questions and Answers.

Photosynthesis.

Review.

Noncyclic Photophosphorylation.

Cyclic Photophosphorylation.

Calvin Cycle.

Chloroplasts.

Chemiosmosis in Chloroplasts.

Photorespiration.

C4 Photosynthesis.

CAM Photosynthesis.

Sample Questions and Answers.

Cell Division.

Review.

Mitosis and Cytokinesis.

Meiosis.

Mitosis versus Meiosis.

Genetic Variation.

Regulation of the Cell Cycle.

Sample Questions and Answers.

Heredity.

Review.

Complete Dominance, Monohybrid Cross.

Complete Dominance, Dihybrid Cross.

Test .

Incomplete.

Codominance.

Multiple Alleles.

Epistasis.

Pleiotropy.

Polygenic Inheritance.

Linked Genes.

Sex-Linked Inheritance.

X-Inactivation.

Nondisjunction.

Human Genetic Defects.

Sample Questions and Answers.

Molecular Genetics.

Review.

DNA Replication.

Replication of Telomeres.

Protein Synthesis.

Transcription.

mRNA Processing.

Translation.

Mutations.

DNA Organization.

The Molecular Genetics of Viruses.

The Molecular Genetics of Bacteria.

Regulation of Gene Expression.

Recombinant DNA.

Sample Questions and Answers.

Evolution.

Review.

Evidence for Evolution.

Natural Selection.

Sources of Variation.

Causes of Changes in Allele Frequencies.

Genetic Equilibrium.

Speciation.

Maintaining Reproductive Isolation.

Patterns of Evolution.

ivMacroevolution.

The Origin of Life.

Sample Questions and Answers.

Biological Diversity.Review.

Domain Archaea.

Domain Bacteria.

Domain Eukarya.

Kingdom Protista.

Kingdom Fungi.

Kingdom Plantae.

Kingdom Animalia.

Sample Questions and Answers.

Plants.

Review.

Plant Tissues.

The Seed.

Germination and Development.

Primary Growth Versus Secondary Growth.

Primary Structure of Roots.

Primary Structure of Stems.

Secondary Structure of Stems and Roots.

Structure of the Leaf.

Transport of Water.

Control of Stomata.

Transport of Sugars.

Plant Hormones.

Plant Responses to Stimuli.

Photoperiodism.

Sample Questions and Answers.

Animal Form and Function.

Review.

Thermoregulation.

The Respiratory System.

The Circulatory System.

The Excretory System.

The Digestive System.

The Nervous System.

The Muscular System.

The Immune System.

The Endocrine System.

Sample Questions and Answers.

Animal Reproduction and Development.

Review.

Characteristics That Distinguish the Sexes.

Human Reproductive Anatomy.

Gametogenesis in Humans.

Hormonal Control ofHuman Reproduction.

Embryonic Development.

Factors That Influence Development.

Sample Questions and Answers.

Animal Behavior.

Review.

Genetic Basis of Behavior.

Kinds of Animal Behavior.

Animal Movement.

Communication in Animals.

Foraging Behaviors.

Social Behavior.

Sample Questions and Answers.

Ecology.

Review.

Population Ecology.

Human Population Growth.

Community Ecology.

Coevolution.

Ecological Succession .

Ecosystems.

Biogeochemical Cycles.

Biomes.

Human Impact on the Biosphere.

Sample Questions and Answers.

PART II: LABORATORY REVIEW.

Laboratory Review.

Review.

Graphing Data.

Designing an Experiment.

Laboratory 1: Diffusion and Osmosis.

Laboratory 2: Enzyme Catalysis.

Laboratory 3: Mitosis and Meiosis.

Laboratory 4: Plant Pigments and Photosynthesis.

Laboratory 5: Cell Respiration.

Laboratory 6: Molecular Biology.

Laboratory 7: Genetics of Drosophila.

Laboratory 8: Population Genetics and Evolution.

Laboratory 9: Transpiration.

Laboratory 10: Physiology of the Circulatory System.

Laboratory 11: Animal Behavior.

Laboratory 12: Dissolved Oxygen and Aquatic Primary Productivity.

Sample Questions and Answers.

PART III: AP BIOLOGY PRACTICE TESTS.

Practice Test 1.

Section I (Multiple-Choice Questions).

Section II (Free-Response Questions).

Answer Key for Practice Test 1.

Scoring Your Practice Test.

Answers and Explanations for Practice Test 1.

Practice Test 2.

Section I (Multiple-Choice Questions).

Section II (Free-Response Questions).

Answer Key for Practice Test 2.

Scoring Your Practice Test.

Answers and Explanations for Practice Test 2. \n

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