"C++ Primer is well known as one of the best books for learning C++ and is useful for C++ programmers of all skill levels. This Fourth Edition not only keeps this tradition alive, it actually improves on it."

--Steve Vinoski, Chief Engineer, Product Innovation, IONA Technologies

"The Primer really brings this large and complex language down to size."

--Justin Shaw, Senior Member of Technical Staff, Electronic Programs Division, The Aerospace Corporation

"It not only gets novices up and running early, but gets them to do so using good programming practices."

--Nevin ":-)" Liber, Senior Principal Engineer (C++ developer since 1988)

This popular tutorial introduction to standard C++ has been completely updated, reorganized, and rewritten to help programmers learn the language faster and use it in a more modern, effective way.

Just as C++ has evolved since the last edition, so has the authors' approach to teaching it. They now introduce the C++ standard library from the beginning, giving readers the means to write useful programs without first having to master every language detail. Highlighting today's best practices, they show how to write programs that are safe, can be built quickly, and yet offer outstanding performance. Examples that take advantage of the library, and explain the features of C++, also show how to make the best use of the language. As in its previous editions, the book's authoritative discussion of fundamental C++ concepts and techniques makes it a valuable resource even for more experienced programmers. Program Faster and More Effectively with This Rewritten Classic

• Restructured for quicker learning, using the C++ standard library
• Updated to teach the most current programming styles and program design techniques
• Filled with new learning aids that emphasize important points, warn about common pitfalls, suggest good programming practices, and provide general usage tips
• Complete with exercises that reinforce skills learned
• Authoritative and comprehensive in its coverage

The source code for the book's extended examples is available on the Web at the address below.www.awprofessional.com/cpp_primer

A book/disk package with a sense of humor, bridging the gap between C++ as described in beginner and intermediate-level works and C++ as it is practiced by experts. Numerous techniques are explained in sections on indirection, class hierarchies, and memory management. Other topics include template creation, exception handling, pointers, and optimization techniques. Focus is on ANSI C++. The companion disk for Windows contains source code. This third edition is a revision of Secrets of the C++ Masters and includes a new appendix comparing C++ with Java.
Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Completely rewritten, this tutorial is driven by examples which help the novice C++ programmer solve problems. It combines the practical experience and writing of Stanley Lippman with the inside knowledge of the ANSI/ISO Standards draft from Josee Lajoie.

C++ is the dominant programming language for large-scale programs, therefore many programmers need to know C++. Real world applications of C++ include networking, visualization, database access, and numerical analysis. Typically used for projects that span multiple areas that other programming languages can't handle.

The third edition of the C++ Primer combines Stanley Lippman's practical experience with Jos?e Lajoie's inside knowledge of the ANSI/ISO Standard C++. This tutorial is rewritten to describe the features and programming usage of Standard C++. Especially useful for developers new to C++ are the many real-world programming examples that illustrate the design of generic and object-oriented programs, the use of templates, and other aspects of program design using Standard C++. In addition, the C++ Primer provides usage and efficiency guidelines where appropriate. Highlights x Clear, practical and example-driven coverage of the Standard Library, with emphasis on the containers, iterators and algorithms (also known as the Standard Template Library), the string class and iostreams x A detailed look at the new features of Standard C++; exception handling, run-time type identification, namespaces, the built-in bool type, and new-style cast-notation, with advice on how to effectively use them. x A thorough introduction of the advanced language features, such as templates, classes, and inheritance in support of generic programming, object-oriented programming and object-based programming. x An appendix that can be used as a quick reference for the generic algorithms, describing their behavior, and providing concrete examples of how to use them.

The third edition of the C++ Primer combines Stanley Lippman's practical experience with Jos?e Lajoie's inside knowledge of the ANSI/ISO Standard C++. This tutorial is rewritten to describe the features and programming usage of Standard C++. Especially useful for developers new to C++ are the many real-world programming examples that illustrate the design of generic and object-oriented programs, the use of templates, and other aspects of program design using Standard C++. In addition, the C++ Primer provides usage and efficiency guidelines where appropriate. Highlights x Clear, practical and example-driven coverage of the Standard Library, with emphasis on the containers, iterators and algorithms (also known as the Standard Template Library), the string class and iostreams x A detailed look at the new features of Standard C++; exception handling, run-time type identification, namespaces, the built-in bool type, and new-style cast-notation, with advice on how to effectively use them. x A thorough introduction of the advanced language features, such as templates, classes, and inheritance in support of generic programming, object-oriented programming and object-based programming. x An appendix that can be used as a quick reference for the generic algorithms, describing their behavior, and providing concrete examples of how to use them.

Stanley B. Lippman is Architect with the Visual C++ development team at Microsoft. Previously, he served as a Distinguished Consultant at the Jet Propulsion Laboratories (JPL). Stan spent more than twelve years at Bell Laboratories, where he worked with Bjarne Stroustrup on the original C++ implementation and the Foundation research project. After Bell Laboratories, Stan worked at Disney Feature Animation, originally as principal software engineer, then as software technical director on Fantasia 2000.

Josée Lajoie is a staff development analyst in the IBM Canada Laboratory C/C++ Compiler group, and is currently the chair of the core language working group for the ANSI/ISO C++ Standard Committee. In addition, she is a regular columnist on the evolution of the C++ Language Standard for the C++ Report..

Barbara E. Moo is an independent consultant with 20 years' experience in the software field. During her nearly 15 years at AT&T, she worked on one of the first commercial products ever written in C++, managed the company's first C++ compiler project, and directed the development of AT&T's award-winning WorldNet Internet service business.

0201721481AB01312005

Preface     xix

Chapter 1. Getting Started      1

1.1 Writing a Simple C++ Program    2

1.2 A First Look at Input/Output     5

1.3 A Word About Comments     10

1.4 Control Structures     11

1.5 Introducing Classes    20

1.6 The C++ Program    25

Chapter Summary    28

Defined Terms    28

Part I. The Basics    31

Chapter 2. Variables and Basic Types    33

2.1 Primitive Built-in Types    34

2.2 Literal Constants     37

2.3 Variables     43

2.4 const Qualifier    56

2.5 References    58

2.6 Typedef Names    61

2.7 Enumerations    62

2.8 Class Types     63

2.9 Writing Our Own Header Files    67

Chapter Summary    73

Defined Terms     73

Chapter 3. Library Types      77

3.1 Namespace using Declarations      78

3.2 Library string Type     80

3.3 Library vector Type      90

3.4 Introducing Iterators      95

3.4.1 Iterator Arithmetic      100

3.5 Library bitset Type      101

Chapter Summary      107

Defined Terms      107

Chapter 4. Arrays and Pointers 109

4.1 Arrays      110

4.2 Introducing Pointers      114

4.3 C-Style Character Strings      130

4.4 Multidimensioned Arrays      141

Chapter Summary      145

Defined Terms      145

Chapter 5. Expressions      147

5.1 Arithmetic Operators      149

5.2 Relational and Logical Operators      152

5.3 The Bitwise Operators      154

5.4 Assignment Operators      159

5.5 Increment and Decrement Operators      162

5.6 The Arrow Operator      164

5.7 The Conditional Operator      165

5.8 The size of Operator      167

5.9 Comma Operator      168

5.10 Evaluating Compound Expressions      168

5.11 The new and delete Expressions      174

5.12 Type Conversions      178

Chapter Summary      188

Defined Terms      188

Chapter 6. Statements      191

6.1 Simple Statements      192

6.2 Declaration Statements      193

6.3 Compound Statements (Blocks)      193

6.4 Statement Scope      194

6.5 The if Statement      195

6.5.1 The if Statement else Branch      197

6.6 The switch Statement      199

6.7 The whileStatement      204

6.8 The for Loop Statement      207

6.9 The do while Statement      210

6.10 The break Statement      212

6.11 The continue Statement      214

6.12 The goto Statement      214

6.13 try Blocks and Exception Handling      215

6.13.1 A throw Expression      216

6.13.2 The try Block      217

6.13.3 Standard Exceptions      219

6.14 Using the Preprocessor for Debugging      220

Chapter Summary      223

Defined Terms      223

Chapter 7. Functions      225

7.1 Defining a Function      226

7.2 Argument Passing      229

7.3 The return Statement      245

7.4 Function Declarations      251

7.5 Local Objects      254

7.6 Inline Functions      256

7.7 ClassMemberFunctions      258

7.8 Overloaded Functions      265

7.9 Pointers to Functions      276

Chapter Summary      280

Defined Terms      280

Chapter 8. The IO Library      283

8.1 An Object-Oriented Library      284

8.2 Condition States      287

8.3 Managing the Output Buffer      290

8.4 File Input and Output      293

8.5 String Streams      299

Chapter Summary      302

Defined Terms      302

Part II. Containers and Algorithms      303

Chapter 9. Sequential Containers      305

9.1 Defining a Sequential Container      307

9.2 Iterators andIteratorRanges      311

9.3 Sequence Container Operations      316

9.4 How a vector Grows      330

9.5 Deciding Which Container to Use      333

9.6 strings Revisited      335

9.7 Container Adaptors      348

Chapter Summary      353

Defined Terms      353

Chapter 10. Associative Containers      355

10.1 Preliminaries: the pair Type      356

10.2 Associative Containers      358

10.3 The map Type      360

10.4 The set Type      372

10.5 The multimap and multiset Types      375

10.6 Using Containers: Text-Query Program      379

Chapter Summary      388

Defined Terms      388

Chapter 11. Generic Algorithms      391

11.1 Overview      392

11.2 A First Look at the Algorithms      395

11.3 Revisiting Iterators      405

11.4 Structure of Generic Algorithms      419

11.5 Container-Specific Algorithms      421

Chapter Summary      424

Defined Terms      424

Part III. Classes and Data Abstraction      427

Chapter 12. Classes      429

12.1 Class Definitions and Declarations         430

12.2 The Implicit this Pointer         440

12.3 Class Scope         444

12.4 Constructors         451

12.5 Friends         465

12.6 static Class Members         467

Chapter Summary         473

Defined Terms         473

Chapter 13 Copy Control      475

13.1 The Copy Constructor         476

13.2 The Assignment Operator         482

13.3 The Destructor           484

13.4 A Message-Handling Example       486

13.5 Managing Pointer Members         492

Chapter Summary         502

Defined Terms         502

Chapter 14. Overloaded Operations and Conversions      505

14.1 Defining an Overloaded Operator         506

14.2 Input andOutputOperators         513

14.3 Arithmetic and Relational Operators         517

14.4 Assignment Operators        520

14.5 Subscript Operator         522

14.6 Member Access Operators         523

14.7 Increment and Decrement Operators        526

14.8 Call Operator and Function Objects         530

14.9 Conversions and Class Types         535

Chapter Summary         . 552

Defined Terms         552

Part IV. Object-Oriented and Generic Programming      555

Chapter 15. Object-Oriented Programming      557

15.1 OOP: An Overview         558

15.2 Defining Base and Derived Classes         560

15.3 Conversions and Inheritance         577

15.4 Constructors and Copy Control         580

15.5 Class Scope under Inheritance         590

15.6 Pure Virtual Functions         595

15.7 Containers and Inheritance         597

15.8 Handle Classes and Inheritance         598

15.9 Text Queries Revisited         607

Chapter Summary         621

Defined Terms         621

Chapter 16. Templates and Generic Programming      623

16.1 Template Definitions         624

16.2 Instantiation           636

16.3 Template Compilation Models       643

16.4 Class Template Members         647

16.5 A Generic Handle Class         666

16.6 Template Specializations         671

16.7 Overloading and Function Templates         679

Chapter Summary        683

Defined Terms         683

Part V. Advanced Topics      685

Chapter 17. Tools for Large Programs      687

17.1 Exception Handling         688

17.2 Namespaces           712

17.3 Multiple and Virtual Inheritance       731

Chapter Summary         748

Defined Terms         748

Chapter 18. Specialized Tools and Techniques      753

18.1 Optimizing Memory Allocation         754

18.2 Run-Time Type Identification         772

18.3 Pointer to Class Member         780

18.4 Nested Classes         786

18.5 Union: A Space-Saving Class         792

18.6 Local Classes         796

18.7 Inherently Nonportable Features         797

Chapter Summary         805

Defined Terms         805

Appendix A. The Library      809

A.1 Library Names and Headers         810

A.2 A Brief Tour of the Algorithms         811

A.3 The IO Library Revisited         825

Index      843