Framework : a Culture, Storytelling, and College (97 Edition)

BONNIE LISLE teaches in the UCLA Writing Programs, where she has specialized in creating curricula for developmental and multiethnic writing courses. Winner of a distinguished teaching award, she cofounded and directed the Community Educator Project, a pilot program for first-year minority students interested in teaching careers. Currently she is coordinating the first-year intensive program in writing at UCLA. She has also worked with faculty and TA groups at UCLA and other campuses to develop more ethnic- and gender-inclusive curricula.

SANDRA MANO teaches in the UCLA Writing Programs, where she has developed teacher training curricula and served as TA coordinator. Specializing in developing and teaching multiethnic writing courses, she has written, with Bonnie Lisle, "Envisioning a Multi-Cultural Rhetoric" for Teaching in the Multiethnic Classroom and has edited, with Barbara Rico, American Mosaic, Second Edition.

  Introduction for Students

PART I. THE POWER OF STORIES

  1. Discovering Stories

    Writing as Storytelling

       Optional Activities: Exploring Stories

    Stories, Meaning, and Memory

       Beverly Donofrio, Trouble

    Active Reading: Keeping a Reading Journal

       Journal Options: Responding to "Trouble"

    Cultural Stories: Story Frames and Scripts

       Leslie Marmon Silko, Language and Literature from a Pueblo Indian Perspective

       Journal Option: Cultural Roots

    Active Reading: Taking Notes

       Dialoguing

       Glossing

       Translating

       Optional Activities: Collaborative Note-taking

  2. Shaping Stories

    Family Stories and Identity

       David Mura, Family Stories

       Phyllis Barber, Stories

       Journal Options: People and Places from Your Past

    The Writing Process

       Prewriting

       Composing

       Revising

       Editing

       Journal Options: Exploring Your Writing Process

       Essay Options: Family Stories

    Approaches to Prewriting

       Brainstorming

       Clustering

       Talking Draft

       Freewriting

       Drawing

       Junk Draft

       Outlines

       Journal Options: Analyzing Your Prewriting Process

  3. Academically Speaking: Writing for Teachers

    Telling Tales in School

       Audre Lorde, From Zami: A New Spelling of My Name

       Optional Activity: Teacher Stories

    Writing to Authority

       Reginald Lockett, How I Started Writing Poetry

       Essay Options: School Stories

  Risky Business

       Taking Risks

       Evaluating Risks

       Optional Activity: The Read Around

    Establishing Expectations: Writing for Readers or Super-Readers?

       Introductions and Expectations

       [Student Writing by Kevin Mong, Cesar Rodriguez, and Gabriella N‛ez]

       Specific Details: Moving beyond Code Phrases

       Optional Activities: Discovering Details

  4. Revision Workshop: Engaging the Reader

    Revision: Why Bother?

    Revision Case Study: Making Details Work

       [Student Writing by D'Andra Galarza, Las Mananitas ]

    Developing and Focusing a Draft

       Optional Activity: Sample Revision for Discussion

       [Student Writing by Yolanda Davis]

    Responding to Another Writer's Draft

    Revising Your Draft: Focus and Details

       Focusing

       Developing Details

       Journal Option: Evaluating Your Writing Process

PART II. HOW STORIES SHAPE US

  5. Cultural Collisions

    Prisoners of Memory

       Clyde Kluckhohn, Designs for Living

       Journal Options: Sampling Your Cultural Scripts

    Cultures as Interpretive Communities

       Amy Tan, Dinner

       Journal Options: Your Culture Clash Story

    Cultural Blindness and Stereotypes

       Philip Gambone, The Language We Use Up Here

       Journal Options: Examining Stereotypes

  6. Listening for Difference

    Getting to Know You

    Cross-Cultural Storytelling and Condensed Stories

       Optional Activities: Identifying Condensed Stories

       Journal Option: Retelling Stories across Cultures

    Active Listening

       Mick Fedullo, Mrs. Cassadore

       Journal Option: What Makes a Good Listener?

       Essay Options: Interviewing Others

    Successful Interviewing

       Choosing a Person to Interview

       Focusing on a Purpose

       Preparing the Questions

       Arranging the Interview

       Preparing to Tape

       Conducting the Interview

       Prewriting the Profile

    Conversational Etiquette

       Optional Activities: Exploring Conversational Etiquettes

  7. Academically Speaking: Investigating College Culture(s)

    What's the Story Here?

       Optional Activities: Observing College Culture

    Academic Inquiry: Getting Beyond Formulas

       Robert Holland, Discovering the Forms of Academic Discourse

       Optional Activity: Types of Thinking in College Assignments

    Cultural Values and "Good" Writing

       Fan Shen, The Classroom and the Wider Culture: Identity as a Key to Learning English Composition

    Direct and Indirect Style

       Optional Activity: Trying a New Style

    Beyond the Five-Paragraph Essay

       The Classroom and the Wider Culture (five-paragraph version)

    Experimenting with Form: Parody

       Optional Activity: Five-Paragraph Parody

       Essay Options: Academic Profile

    Preparing for the Academic Profile

       [Student Writing by Andrew Thanh Tran]

  8. Revision Workshop: Writing for Others

    Writing across Difference

       Optional Activity: The Reader as "Other"

    The Need to Know: Defining and Explaining

       How Can I Explain It? Some Strategies

       Optional Activity: Working with Definitions

    Revision Case Study: Clarifying for Readers

       [Student writing by Christie Sanchez]

       Revising Your Draft: Expanding and Connecting

    Reader-Friendly Paragraphs: Shaping and Focusing

       Why Paragraph?

       Paragraphs and Paragraph Clusters

       [student writing by Rodney Guerrero]

       Optional Activity: Playing with Paragraphs [Student Writing by Erica Montiel]

    Paragraph Focus and the Myth of the Topic Sentence

       Optional Activities: Paragraph Shape and Focus

    Revision Case Study: Paragraph Focus

       [student writing by Jasmine Yoon]

       Revising Your Draft: Paragraphing for Clarity and Readability

       Journal Option: Evaluating Your Writing Process

PART III. FRAMING LANGUAGE

  9. Speech Communities

    One English or Many?

       Mother Tongues

       American "Englishes"

       Optional Activities: Exploring the "Englishes" We Speak

    What Are Speech Communities

       Paul Roberts, Speech Communities

       Journal Options: Exploring Your Speech Communities

  10. Negotiating Multiplicity

    The Dream of a Common Language

       Rosario Morales, I Recognize You

       [Student Writing by Ramón Galvan, I Recognize Myself ]

       Journal Options: Fitting In or Speaking Out?

    Internalized Speech Communities: The Plural Self

       Gloria Anzaldua, How to Tame a Wild Tongue

       Journal Options: Responding to "How to Tame a Wild Tongue"

       Essay Option: Comparing Your Speech Communities

  11. Academically Speaking: Audience, Language and Power

    Talking in Class: School Voice

       [Student Writing by A. S., I Come from Everywhere ]

       !Journal Option: Exploring Academic Voice

    Capturing Voice in Writing

       Vocabulary

    Sentence Shape and Rhythm

       Optional Activities: Experimenting with Voice

    Virtual Realities

       Optional Activities: Identifying Virtual Readers and Writers

    Voice and Audience

       June Jordan, Nobody Mean More to Me Than You and the Future Life of Willie Jordan

       Journal Options: Exploring Voice and Audience

       Essay Option: Addressing Different Audiences

  12. Revision Workshop: Shaping Structure, Shaping Voice

    What's the Alternative?

    Structuring Comparisons

       Kosuke Will Tanaka, Taking the Journey through Speech [student writing]

       Alternating Comparison Structure

       Amy Yang, My Speech Communities [student writing]

       Block Comparison Structure

    Revising Your Draft: Outlining as a Revision Tool

    Revision Case Study: Adapting Voice to Audience

       Mohamed Awad, To Build or Not to Build? [student writing]

       Kristy Rios, Offensive Song Lyrics Hurt [student writing]

       Optional Activities: Evaluating Voice

    Revising Your Draft: Voice

    First Things: Motivating Readers

       [Student Writing by Lisette Parra]

       Optional Activity: Introduction at Work

    Last Things: Crafting Conclusions

       [Student Writing by Manuel Ruiz]

       Optional Activities: Alternate Endings

    Revising Your Draft: Beginnings and Endings

       Journal Option: Evaluating Your Writing Process

PART IV. FRAMING IDEAS: ANALYTIC STORYTELLING

  13. Framing: Interpretation and Explanation Patterns

    Just So Stories

       Roger C. Schank, Story Skeletons and Story-Fitting

       Journal Options: Exploring Explanation Patterns

    Matters of Perspective

       Judith Ortiz Cofer, The Last Word

       Journal Option: Exploring How Perspective Shapes Stories

    Inside Explanation Patterns: If the Story Fits . . .

       M. G. Lord, The Last Word

       Journal Option: Evaluating Fit

    Critical Reading: Analyzing Analysis

    Reading Pictures

       Alfred Eisenstaedt, The Kiss (photograph)

       Donna Britt, A Kiss May Not Still Be a Kiss

    Optional Activity: Interpreting Images

  14. Reframing: Talking Back to Official Stories

    Twice-Told Tales

    Invasion of the Body Snatchers

       Herbert Kohl, The Story of Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott Revisited

       Journal Option: Revising Rosa Parks

    Case Study: Stories of Discovery

       Daniel J. Boorstin, The Discoverers

       Howard Zinn, Columbus, the Indians, and Human Progress

       Michael Dorris, Discoveries

       Journal Option: Perspectives on Columbus

       Essay Options: Analyzing Historical Stories

    Survival of the "Fittingest"

       Emily Martin, The Egg and the Sperm: How Science Has Constructed a Romance Based on Stereotypical Male-Female Roles

       Journal Options: Thinking Critically about Science

  15. Academically Speaking: Reading and Writing Academic Analysis

    Entering the Conversation

    Paula Gunn Allen, Kochinnenako in Academe: Three Approaches to Interpreting a Keres Indian Tale

       Optional Activities: Exploring the Multiple Voices of Academic Analysis

    Thinking in Theory

       Elliot Aronson, The Causes of Prejudice

       Fitting Evidence to Theory Connecting with Theory

       Hilary M. Lips, Images of Power and Powerlessness

       Essay Options: Entering the Conversation of Ideas

    Cohesion: Story Hunger

       Optional Activity: Mapping Transitions

  16. Revision Workshop: Writing for an Academic Audience

    Establishing Authority in Academic Culture

       Evaluating Sources

       Optional Activity: Evaluating Authority

    Case Study: When Sources conflict

       Shant Kazazian, The Armenian Genocide: Two Dynamically Different Accounts

    Weighing Conflicting Evidence

       Optional Activities: Reviewing Evidence and Sources

    Revising Your Draft: Sources

    Developing and Supporting an Analysis

       Building on Established Knowledge

       [Student Writing by John Tuan Ho]

       Challenging Prior Work

       [Student Writing by Connie Chang]

       Acknowledging Complexity

       [Student Writing by Vy Le]

       Optional Activity: Absolute and Qualified Language

    Revising Your Draft: Developing and Qualifying

    Can You Own an Idea? Plagiarism and Academic Culture

       Quoting Sources Skillfully

    Revising Your Draft: Quoting Text for Support

       Journal Option: Evaluating the Writing Process

  Index of Authors and Titles