The definitive anthology of feminist writing, this collection presents the true history of feminism within both global and historical frameworks, and provides a vital addition to the field.
Introduction xi
DOCUMENTS
1. Christine de Pizan, The Book of the City of Ladies (France, 1405) 3
2. Franc¸ois Poullain de la Barre, On the Equality of the Two Sexes (France, 1673) 10
3. Sor Juana Ine´s de la Cruz, “The Reply to Sor Philotea” (Mexico, 1691) 15
4. Mary Astell, A Serious Proposal to the Ladies (England, 1694) 20
5. Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (England, 1792) 24
6. Li Ju-chen, Flowers in the Mirror (China, c. 1800) 37
7. Sarah M. Grimke´, Letters on the Equality of the Sexes (United States, 1837) 47
8. Flora Tristan, “The Emancipation of Working Class Women” (France, 1843) 52
9. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, “Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions” (United States, 1848) 57
10. Sojourner Truth, Two Speeches (United States, 1851, 1867) 63
11. Harriet Taylor Mill, “The Enfranchisement of Women” (England, 1851) 67
12. John Stuart Mill, The Subjection of Women (England, 1869) 73
13. Susan B. Anthony, “Social Purity” (United States, 1875) 85
14. Henrik Ibsen, The Doll’s House (Sweden, 1879) 92
15. Kishida Toshiko, “Daughters in Boxes” ( Japan, 1883) 99
16. Friedrich Engels, The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State (Germany, 1884) 104
17. Francisca Diniz, “Equality of Rights” (Brazil, 1890) 112
18. Anna Julia Cooper, A Voice from the South (United States, 1892) 116
19. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, “The Solitude of Self ” (United States, 1892) 122
20. Charlotte Perkins Gilman, “The Yellow Wallpaper” (United States, 1892) 128
21. Qasim Amin, The Liberation of Women (Egypt, 1899) 145
22. Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, “Sultana’s Dream” (India, 1905) 153
23. Qiu Jin, Stones of the Jingwei Bird (China, 1905—07) 165
24. Emma Goldman, “The Tragedy of Woman’s Emancipation” (United States, 1906) 168
25. Alexandra Kollontai, “The Social Basis of the Woman Question” (Russia, 1909) 175
26. three poems:
182 Sara Estela Rami´rez, “Rise Up! To Woman” (United States, 1910)
Yosano Akiko, “The Day the Mountains Move” (Japan, 1911)
James Oppenheim, “Bread and Roses” (United States, 1911)
27. Luisa Capetillo, Mi opinión (Puerto Rico, 1911) 186
28. Emmeline Pankhurst, Suffrage Speech at Old Bailey (England, 1912) 192
29. Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, Resolutions of the Zurich Conference (1919) 199
30. W.E.B. Du Bois, “The Damnation of Women” (United States, 1919) 204
31. Margaret Sanger, Woman and the New Race (United States, 1920) 211
32. Shareefeh Hamid Ali, “East and West in Cooperation” (India, 1935) 217
33. Virginia Woolf, Three Guineas (England, 1938) 220
34. Alva Myrdal, Nation and Family (Sweden, 1941) 231
35. Ding Ling, “Thoughts on March 8” (China, 1942) 237
36. Huda Shaarawi, Speeches at Arab Feminist Conference (Egypt, 1944) 243
37. Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, “We Had Equality till Britain Came” (Nigeria, 1947) 247
38. Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex (France, 1949) 251
39. Federation of South African Women, Women’s Charter and Aims (South Africa, 1954) 263
40. Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (United States, 1963) 269
41. Pauli Murray, Testimony, House Committee on Education and Labor (United States, 1970) 283
42. Pat Mainardi, “The Politics of Housework” (United States, 1970) 288
43. Boston Women’s Health Book Collective, Our Bodies, Ourselves (United States, 1973) 295
44. Mariarosa Dalla Costa, “A General Strike” (Italy, 1974) 300
45. Committee on the Status of Women in India, Towards Equality (India, 1974) 304
46. Susan Brownmiller, Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape (United States, 1975) 311
47. He´le`ne Cixous, “The Laugh of the Medusa” (France, 1975) 318
48. Combahee River Collective, “A Black Feminist Statement” (United States, 1977) 325
49. Audre Lorde, “The Master’s Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master’s House” (United States, 1979) 331
50. United Nations, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979) 336
51. Domitila Barrios de la Chungara, “The Woman’s Problem” (Bolivia, 1980) 346
52. Association of African Women for Research and Development, “A Statement on Genital Mutilation” (Senegal, 1980) 351
53. Anonymous, “How It All Began: I Have Had an Abortion” (Germany, 1981) 355
54. Monique Wittig, “One Is Not Born a Woman” (France, 1981) 359
55. Adrienne Rich, “Notes Toward a Politics of Location” (United States, 1984) 367
56. Gloria Anzaldu´a, “La Conciencia de la Mestiza: Toward a New Consciousness” (United States, 1987) 385
57. Guerrilla Girls, “When Sexism and Racism Are No Longer Fashionable” and “Do Women Have To Be Naked To Get into the Met. Museum?” (United States, 1989) 391
58. Kathleen Hanna / Bikini Kill, “Riot Grrrl Manifesto” (United States, 1992) 394
59. Rebecca Walker, “Becoming the Third Wave” (United States, 1992) 397
60. United Nations, Fourth World Conference on Women, Speeches (1995) 402
Gertrude Mongella (Tanzania), Opening Address, Plenary Session
Winona LaDuke (United States), “The Indigenous
Women’s Network, Our Future, Our Responsibility”
Palesa Beverley Ditsie (South Africa), Statement of the International Gay and Lesbian Human Rights Commission
Gro Haarlem Brundtland (Norway), Closing Address
61. Sylviane Agacinski, Parity of the Sexes (France, 1998) 415
62. Jonah Gokova, “Challenging Men to Reject Gender Stereotypes” (Zimbabwe, 1998) 420
63. Jennifer Baumgardner and Amy Richards, Manifesta: Young Women, Feminism, and the Future (United States, 2000) 424
64. Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan, “Statement on the Occasion of International Women’s Day” (Afghanistan, 2004) 427
Sources for Documents 431
Selected Bibliography 439
Acknowledgments 443
Permission Acknowledgments 445
Index 451
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