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Cultural Anthropology - With CD (12TH 08 - Old Edition)

by Conrad Kottak

Cultural Anthropology - With CD (12TH 08 - Old Edition) Cover
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Synopses & Reviews

Publisher Comments:

Written by Kottak, recent inductee to The National Academy of Sciences, this text for cultural anthropology emphasizes anthropology's integrated and comparative nature with "Bringing It All Together" essays that show how anthropology's sub-fields and dimensions combine to interpret and explain a common topic. Another distinctive feature, "Understanding Ourselves," illustrates the relevance of anthropological facts and theories to students' everyday lives.

Synopsis:

The new edition of Kottak's best selling text for cultural anthropology emphasizes anthropology's integrated and comparative nature with Bringing It All Together essays that show how anthropology's sub-fields and dimensions combine to interpret and explain a common topic. Another distinctive feature, Understanding Ourselves, illustrates the relevance of anthropological facts and theories to students' everyday lives.

About the Author

Conrad Phillip Kottak (A.B. Columbia, 1963; Ph.D. Columbia, 1966) is Professor and Chair of Anthropology at the University of Michigan, where he has taught since 1968. In 1991 he was honored for his teaching by the University and the state of Michigan. In 1992 he received an excellence in teaching award from the College of Literature, Sciences, and the Arts of the University of Michigan. Professor Kottak has done fieldwork in cultural anthropology in Brazil (since 1962), Madagascar (since 1966), and the United States. In current research projects, Kottak and his colleagues have investigated the emergence of ecological awareness in Brazil, the social context of deforestation in Madagascar, and popular participation in economic development planning in northeastern Brazil.

Table of Contents

BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part One: The Dimensions of Anthropology

Chapter 1: What Is Anthropology?

Chapter 2: Applying Anthropology

Part Two: Cultural Diversity

Chapter 3: Culture

Chapter 4: The Evolutionary Origins of Human Culture

Chapter 5: Ethnicity and Race

Chapter 6: Language and Communication

Chapter 7: Making a Living

Chapter 8: Political Systems

Chapter 9: Families, Kinship, and Descent

Chapter 10: Marriage

Chapter 11: Gender

Chapter 12: Religion

Chapter 13: The Arts

Part Three: The Changing World

Chapter 14: The Modern World System

Chapter 15: Colonialism and Development

Chapter 16: Cultural Exchange and Survival

Appendix 1: A History of Theories in Anthropology

Appendix 2: Ethics and Anthropology

Appendix 3: American Popular Culture

Appendix 4: Ethics and Methods in Cultural Anthropology

DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS

About the Author

Preface

Walkthrough

Part One: The Dimensions of Anthropology

Chapter 1: What Is Anthropology?

Human Adaptability

Adaptation, Variation, and Change

General Anthropology

Cultural Forces Shape Human Biology

The Subdisciplines of Anthropology

Cultural Anthropology
Archaeological Anthropology
Biological, or Physical Anthropology
Interesting Issues: Even Anthropologists Get Culture Shock
Linguistic Anthropology
Beyond the Classroom:The Utility of Hand and Foot Bones for Problems in Biological Anthropology

Anthropology and Other Academic Fields

Cultural Anthropology and Sociology
Anthropology and Psychology

Science, Explanation, and Hypothesis Testing

Chapter 2: Applying Anthropology

What Is Applied Anthropology?

The Role of the Applied Anthropologist

Academic and Applied Anthropology

Theory and Practice

Anthropology and Education

Urban Anthropology

Urban versus Rural

Medical Anthropology

Anthropology and Business

Beyond the Classroom:New Life, Good Health

Careers and Anthropology

Interesting Issues: Hot Asset in Corporate: Anthropology Degrees

Part Two: Cultural Diversity

Chapter 3: Culture

What Is Culture?

Culture Is Learned
Culture Is Shared
Culture Is Symbolic
Culture and Nature
Culture Is All-Encompassing
Culture Is Integrated
Interesting Issues: Touching, Affection, Love, and Sex
Culture Can Be Adaptive and Maladaptive

Culture and the Individual: Agency and Practice

Levels of Culture
Ethnocentrism, Cultural Relativism, and Human Rights

Universality, Generality, and Particularity

Universality
Generality
Particularity: Patterns of Culture

Mechanisms of Cultural Change

Globalization

Beyond the Classroom:Folklore Reveals Ethos of Heating Plant Workers

Chapter 4: The Evolutionary Origins of Human Culture

Evolution

Theory and Fact

Our Place among Primates

Primate Tendencies
Humans and Apes

What We Share with Other Primates

Learning
Tools
Predation and Hunting

How We Differ from Other Primates

Sharing and Cooperation
Mating and Kinship

Fossil Evidence for Humanity

Bipedalism
Brains, Skulls, and Childhood Dependency
Tool Making
Teeth

The Earliest Hominins

The Varied Australopithecines

Australopithecus afarensis
Gracile and Robust Australopithecines

The Australopithecines and Early Homo

Early Tools

H. Erectus

Archaic H. Sapiens

Ice Ages of the Pleistocene
H. antecessor and H. heidelbergensis

The Neandertals

Cold-Adapted Neandertals
The Neandertals and Modern People

Anatomically Modern Humans (AMHs)

Advances in Technology

The Advent of Behavioral Modernity

Beyond the Classroom: Paleolithic Butchering at Verberie
Interesting Issues: Prehistoric Art Treasure is Found in French Cave

Settling the Americas

Chapter 5: Ethnicity and Race

Ethnic Groups and Ethnicity

Status Shifting

Race

The Social Construction of Race

Hypodescent: Race in the United States
Race in the Census
Beyond the Classroom:Perceptions of Race and Skin Color on an American College Campus
Not Us: Race in Japan
Phenotype and Fluidity: Race in Brazil

Stratification and "Intelligence"

Ethnic Groups, Nations, and Nationalities

Nationalities and Imagined Communities
Interesting Issues: Ethnic Nationalism Runs Wild

Peaceful Coexistence

Assimilation
The Plural Society
Multiculturalism and Ethnic Identity

Roots of Ethnic Conflict

Prejudice and Discrimination
Chips in the Mosaic
Aftermaths of Oppression

Chapter 6: Language and Communication

What Is Language?

Nonhuman Primate Communication

Call Systems
Sign Language
The Origin of Language

Nonverbal Communication

The Structure of Language

Speech Sounds

Language, Thought, and Culture

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Interesting Issues: Do Midwesterner's Have Accents?
Focal Vocabulary
Meaning

Sociolinguistics

Linguistic Diversity
Gender Speech Contrasts
Language and Status Position
Stratification
Black English Vernacular (BEV)

Historical Linguistics

Beyond the Classroom: Cybercommunication in Collegespace

Bringing It All Together: Canada: Unity and Diversity in Culture and Language

Chapter 7: Making a Living

Adaptive Strategies

Foraging

Correlates of Foraging
Beyond the Classroom: Integrating Archaeological, Ethnographic, and Analytic Subsistence Data: A Case Study from Patagonia, South America

Cultivation

Horticulture
Agriculture
The Cultivation Continuum
Intensification: People and the Environment

Pastoralism

Modes of Production

Production in Nonindustrial Societies
Means of Production
Alienation in Industrial Economies

Economizing and Maximization

Interesting Issues: Scarcity and the Betsileo
Alternative Ends

Distribution, Exchange

The Market Principle
Redistribution
Reciprocity
Coexistence of Exchange Principles

Potlatching

Chapter 8: Political Systems

What Is "The Political?"

Types and Trends

Bands and Tribes

Foraging Bands
Tribal Cultivators
The Village Head
The "Big Man"
Pantribal Sodalities and Age Grades
Nomadic Politics

Chiefdoms

Beyond the Classroom:Perspectives on Group Membership
Political and Economic Systems in Chiefdoms
Social Status in Chiefdoms
Status Systems in Chiefdoms and States
The Emergence of Stratification

States

Population Control
Judiciary
Enforcement
Fiscal Systems

Social Controls

Hegemony
Weapons of the Weak
Politics, Shame, and Sorcery

Chapter 9: Families, Kinship, and Descent

Families

Nuclear and Extended Families
Industrialism and Family Organization
Changes in North American Kinship
The Family among Foragers

Descent

Descent Groups
Lineages, Clans, and Residence Rules
Ambilineal Descent
Family versus Descent

Kinship Calculation

Interesting Issues: Social Security, Kinship Style
Genealogical Kin Types and Kin Terms

Kinship Terminology

Lineal Terminology
Bifurcate Merging Terminology
Generational Terminology
Bifurcate Collateral Terminology

Chapter 10: Marriage

What Is Marriage?

Incest and Exogamy

Explaining the Taboo

Although Tabooed, Incest Does Happen
Instinctive Horror
Biological Degeneration
Attempt and Contempt
Marry Out or Die Out

Endogamy

Caste
Royal Endogamy

Marital Rights and Same-Sex Marriage

Marriage as Group Alliance

Bridewealth and Dowry
Beyond the Classroom: Human Mate Preference in Matrimonial Advertisements from Gujarat, India
Interesting Issues: Love and Marriage
Durable Alliances

Divorce

Plural Marriages

Polygyny
Polyandry

Chapter 11: Gender Sex and Gender

Recurrent Gender Patterns

Gender among Foragers

Gender among Horticulturist

Reduced Gender Stratification--Matrilineal, Matrilocal Societies
Reduced Gender Stratification--Matrifocal Societies
Increased Gender Stratification--Patrilineal-Patrilocal Societies

Gender among Agriculturalists

Patriarchy and Violence

Gender and Industrialism

The Feminization of Poverty

Sexual Orientation

Interesting Issues: Hidden Women, Public Men--Public Women, Hidden Men

Bringing It All Together: The Basques

Chapter 12: Religion

What Is Religion?

Origins, Functions, and Expressions of Religion

Animism
Mana and Taboo
Magic and Religion
Anxiety, Control, Solace
Rituals
Rites of Passage
Totemism

Religion and Cultural Ecology

Sacred Cattle in India
Beyond the Classroom:Ewe Traditional and Biomedical Healing Practices in Ghana's Volta Region

Social Control

Kinds of Religion

Religion in States

Protestant Values and the Rise of Capitalism

World Religions

Religion and Change

Revitalization Movements
Syncretisms
Antimodernism and Fundamentalism
A New Age

Secular Rituals

Chapter 13: The Arts

What Is Art?

Art and Religion
Locating Art
Art and Individuality
The Work of Art

Art, Society, and Culture

The Cultural Transmission of the Arts
Ethnomusicology
Representations of Art and Culture
Art and Communication
Art and Politics
The Cultural Transmission of the Arts
Interesting Issues: I'll Get You, My Pretty, and Your Little R2
The Artistic Career
Continuity and Change
Beyond the Classroom: Capoeira: The Afro-Brazilian Art of Unity and Survival

Part Three: The Changing World

Chapter 14: The Modern World System

The Emergence of the World System

Industrialization

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

Stratification

Industrial Stratification
Asian Factory Women
Beyond the Classroom:The Residue of Apartheid in Southern Africa
Open and Closed Class Systems

The World System Today

Interesting Issues: The American Periphery
Industrial Degradation

Chapter 15: Colonialism and Development

Colonialism

Imperialism
British Colonialism
French Colonialism
Colonialism and Identity
Postcolonial Studies

Development

Neoliberalism

The Second World

Communism
Postsocialist Transitions

Development Anthropology

The Greening of Java
Equity

Strategies for Innovation

Overinnovation
Underdifferentiation
Third World Models

Chapter 16: Cultural Exchange and Survival

Acculturation

Contact and Domination

Development and Environmentalism
Religious Change
Interesting Issues: Voices of the Rainforest
Cultural Imperialism

Making and Remaking Culture

Popular Culture
Indigenizing Popular Culture
A World System of Images
Interesting Issues: Using Modern Technology to Preserve Linguistic and Cultural Diversity
A Transnational Culture of Consumption

People in Motion

Indigenous Peoples

Beyond the Classroom: Urban Indigenous Identity in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Identity in Indigenous Politics
Indigenous Peoples and Ethnography

The Continuance of Diversity

Bringing It All Together: The Biology and Culture of Overconsumption

Appendix 1: A History of Theories in Anthropology

Appendix 2: Ethics and Anthropology

Appendix 3: American Popular Culture

Appendix 4: Ethics and Methods in Cultural Anthropology

Bibliography

Glossary

Credits

Name Index

Subject Index

Product Details

ISBN:
9780073315096
Author:
Kottak, Conrad
Publisher:
McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Langua
Author:
Kottak, Conrad Phillip
Subject:
Anthropology - Cultural
Copyright:
Edition Number:
12
Publication Date:
November 2006
Binding:
Paperback
Grade Level:
College/higher education:
Language:
English
Illustrations:
Y
Pages:
390
Dimensions:
10.76x8.24x.74 in. 2.72 lbs.

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