Speciation is one of the great themes of evolutionary biology. It is the process through which new species are born and diversity generated. Yet for many years our understanding of the process consisted of little more than a perception that if populations are isolated geographically, they will diverge genetically and may come to form new species. This situation began to change in the 1960s as an increasing number of biologists challenged the exclusivity of allopatric speciation and began to probe more deeply into the actual process by which divergence occurs and reproductive isolation is acquired. This focus on process led to many new insights, but numerous questions remain and speciation is now one of the most dynamic areas of research in modern evolutionary biology. This volume presents the newest research findings on speciation bringing readers up to day on species concepts, modes of speciation, and the nature of reproductive barriers. It also discusses the forces that drive divergence of populations, the genetic control of reproductive isolation, and the role played by hybrid zones and hybridization in speciation.

Preface

Part I: History

1. Origins: A Brief History of Research on Speciation, Stewart H. Berlocher

Part II: Species Concepts

2. Linking Evolutionary Pattern and Process: The Relevance of Species Concepts for the Study of Speciation, Richard G. Harrison

3. Species and Speciation: Geography, Population Structure, Ecology, and Gene Trees, Alan R. Templeton

4. Species and the Diversity of Natural Groups, Kerry L. Shaw

5. The General Lineage Concept of Species, Species Criteria, and the Process of Speciation: A Conceptual Unification and Terminological Recommendations, Kevin de Queiroz

Part III: Geography, Ecology, and Population Structure

6. Theory and Models of Sympatric Speciation, Paul A. Johnson and Urban Gullberg

7. On the Sympatric Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, Alexey S. Kondrashov, Lev Yu. Yampolsky, and Svetlana A. Shabalina

8. Can Symatric Speciation via Host of Habitat Shift be Proven from Phylogenetic and Biogeographic Evidence?, Steward H. Berlocher

9. Ecological Causes of Speciation, Dolph Schluter

10. The Apple Maggot Fly, Rhagoletis Pomonella: Flies in the Face of Conventional Wisdom about Speciation, Jeffrey L. Feder

11. Evolution of Insect-Plant Associations: Sensory Perception and Receptor Modifications Direct Food Specialization and Host Shifts in Phytophagous Insects, Steph B. J. Menkin and P. Roessignh

12. The Evolution of Edaphic Endemics, Mark R. Macnair and Mike Gardner

13. The Relative Rate of Sympatric and Allopatric Speciation in Fishes: Tests Using DNA Sequence Divergence between Sister Species and among Clades, Amy R. McCune and Nathan R. Lovejoy

14. The First Stage of Speciation as Seen in Organisms Separated by the Isthmus of Panama, H.A. Lessios

15. Rivers, Refuges, and Ridges: The Geography of Speciation of Amazonian Mammals, James L. Patton and Maria Nazareth F. da Silva

Part IV: Reproductive Barriers

16. Songs, Preproductive Isolation, and Speciation in Cryptic Species of Insects: A Case Study Using Green Lacewings, Marta Martinez Wells and Charles S. Henry

17. Reproductive Isolation in Sonoran Desert Drosophila: Testing the Limits of the Rules, Therese Ann Markow and Gregory D. Hocutt

18. Wolbachia and Speciation, John H. Werren

19. Intergenomic Conflict, Interlocus Antagonistic Coevolution, and he Evolution of Reproductive Isolation, William R. Rice

20. Species Formation and the Evolution of Gamete Recognition Loci, Stephen R. Palumbi

21. The Evolution of Barriers to Fertilization Between Closely Related Organisms, Daniel J. Howard, Marta Reece, Pamela G. Gregory, Jiming Chu, Michael L. Cain

Part V: The Genetics of Speciation

22. The Genetics of Sexual Isolation, Michael G. Ritchie and Stephen D. F. Phillips

23. Sex Linkage and Speciation in Lepidoptera, Dorothy Pashley Prowell

24. The Role of Chromosomal Change in Speciation, Franco Spirito

25. The Genetics of Hybrid Male Sterility in Drosophila, Horacio Fachal Naveira and Xulio Rodriguez Maside

26. Subtle is Nature: The Genetics of Species Differentiation and Speciation, Chung-I Wu and Hope Hollocher

27. The Genetics of Speciation: Promises and Prospects of Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping, Sara Via and David J. Hawthorne

Part VI: Hybrid Zones and Speciation

28. What Do Hybrid Zones in General, and the Chorthippus parallelus Zone in Particular, Tell Us about Speciation?, Roger Butlin

29. Paradigm Lost — Natural Hubridization and Evolutionary Innovations, Machael L. Arnold and Simon K. Emms

30. Mimicry and Warning Color at the Boundary Between Races and Species, James Mallet, W. Owen McMillan, and Chris D. Jiggins

31. Hybridization and Speciation in Darwin's Finches: The Role of Sexual Imprinting on a Culturally Transmitted Trait, B. Rosemary Grant and Peter R. Grant

Part VII: Perspectives

32. The Conceptual Radicalization of an Evolutionary Biologist, Guy L. Bush

33. Unanswered Questions and Future Directions in the Study of Speciation, Daniel J. Howard