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Andrew Jackson, his intimate circle of friends, and his tumultuous times are at the heart of this remarkable book about the man who rose from nothing to create the modern presidency. Beloved and hated, venerated and reviled, Andrew Jackson was an orphan who fought his way to the pinnacle of power, bending the nation to his will in the cause of democracy. Jackson's election in 1828 ushered in a new and lasting era in which the people, not distant elites, were the guiding force in American politics. Democracy made its stand in the Jackson years, and he gave voice to the hopes and the fears of a restless, changing nation facing challenging times at home and threats abroad. To tell the saga of Jackson's presidency, acclaimed author Jon Meacham goes inside the Jackson White House. Drawing on newly discovered family letters and papers, he details the human drama — the family, the women, and the inner circle of advisers — that shaped Jackson's private world through years of storm and victory.
One of our most significant yet dimly recalled presidents, Jackson was a battle-hardened warrior, the founder of the Democratic Party, and the architect of the presidency as we know it. His story is one of violence, sex, courage, and tragedy. With his powerful persona, his evident bravery, and his mystical connection to the people, Jackson moved the White House from the periphery of government to the center of national action, articulating a vision of change that challenged entrenched interests to heed the popular will — or face his formidable wrath. The greatest of the presidents who have followed Jackson in the White House — from Lincoln to Theodore Roosevelt to FDR to Truman — have found inspiration in his example, and virtue in his vision.
Jackson was the most contradictory of men. The architect of the removal of Indians from their native lands, he was warmly sentimental and risked everything to give more power to ordinary citizens. He was, in short, a lot like his country: alternately kind and vicious, brilliant and blind; and a man who fought a lifelong war to keep the republic safe — no matter what it took.
Jon Meacham in American Lion has delivered the definitive human portrait of a pivotal president who forever changed the American presidency — and America itself.
Review:
"Newsweek editor and bestselling author Meacham (Franklin and Winston) offers a lively take on the seventh president's White House years. We get the Indian fighter and hero of New Orleans facing down South Carolina radicals' efforts to nullify federal laws they found unacceptable, speaking the words of democracy even if his banking and other policies strengthened local oligarchies, and doing nothing to protect southern Indians from their land-hungry white neighbors. For the first time, with Jackson, demagoguery became presidential, and his Democratic Party deepened its identification with Southern slavery. Relying on the huge mound of previous Jackson studies, Meacham can add little to this well-known story, save for the few tidbits he's unearthed in private collections rarely consulted before. What he does bring is a writer's flair and the ability to relate his story without the incrustations of ideology and position taking that often disfigure more scholarly studies of Jackson. Nevertheless, a gifted writer like Meacham might better turn his attention to tales less often told and subjects a bit tougher to enliven. 32 pages of b&w photos." Publishers Weekly (Copyright Reed Business Information, Inc.)
Review:
It was the summer of 1832, and President Andrew Jackson was fleeing the notorious Foggy Bottom humidity for his home in Nashville, Tenn. Somehow he misplaced an important cache of papers along Washington's Post Road; they either dropped from his saddlebag, were stolen by the livery hand or were left behind in a tavern. Writing to his private secretary, Jackson lamented that the missing papers were... Washington Post Book Review (read the entire Washington Post review) "of a private and political nature of great use to me and the historian that may come after me." History will probably never recover those fumbled documents. But as three new books attest, Jackson left behind plenty of other material about a president determined to bring change to Washington. Many anxieties of his era are once again in the air: a hunger for economic reform, a banking crisis, mushrooming unemployment, friction between a belligerent White House and a suspicious Congress. So it's worth remembering that Jackson shaped the modern Democratic Party by taking on powerful bankers and widening participation in politics. But he also caused or at least contributed to a depression after he left office. In "American Lion," Newsweek editor Jon Meacham gives us the most readable single-volume biography ever written of our seventh president, drawing on a trove of previously unpublished correspondence to vividly illuminate the self-made warrior who "embodied the nation's birth and youth." Such new documents, many unearthed from the archives of the Hermitage, Jackson's Nashville estate, allow Meacham to offer fresh analysis on the central issues of his presidency: the so-called Bank War (in which Jackson abolished the government-controlled national bank) and the federal tariff on imports (which South Carolina tried to nullify, even threatening to secede). While in the hands of a lesser writer this economics-laden history might glaze a reader's eyes, Meacham skillfully brings to life such long-forgotten characters as Nicholas Biddle (president of the Second Bank of the United States) and William B. Lewis (second auditor of the Treasury). "American Lion" explains why Jackson saw the federal bank as a threat: He was "an enemy of Eastern financial elites and a relentless opponent of the Bank of the United States, which he believed to be a bastion of corruption." But he was not opposed to national authority in general. On the contrary, he "promised to die, if necessary, to preserve the power and prestige of the federal government." In Robert V. Remini's "Andrew Jackson" (one in a series of slender books on "great generals," edited by Gen. Wesley K. Clark) the official historian for the House of Representatives expertly limns Jackson's qualities as a military leader. We learn how he drove the Spanish out of Florida and the Creek Indians into the ground. The Seminoles quaked at the mention of his name. He relished blood-soaked "encounters with the savages." His eyes were deep blue, his jaw jutting, his ambition cutthroat. It's the kind of rah-rah fare that war colleges love to teach. According to Remini, Jackson was an "inspirational" general, not a bureaucratic "organizer of victory type" like Eisenhower or Marshall. "Defeat was something he could not abide," Remini writes. "He demanded victory, and his soldiers did everything in their power to achieve it for him." Because Jackson was an acclaimed Indian fighter and the hero of the American victory over a much larger British force at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815, historians have given his intellectual side short shrift. Meacham follows this pattern in his early chapters, which trace Jackson's route to the White House (and which owe a great deal to Remini's previous, award-winning, three-volume biography). We get up-from-the-hollow tales of Jackson's boyhood along the North and South Carolina border before the Revolutionary War. "I was born for a storm," Jackson once boasted, "and a calm does not suit me." Along with his brothers, he longed to be part of General Washington's fife-and-drum action. Orphaned at 14, he enlisted in the Continental Army as a courier, was captured by the Red Coats and was lashed with a sword for refusing to clean a British officer's boots. From such stories, a portrait emerges of a fearless warrior ever ready to duel or brawl to protect his honor, the only U.S. president to absorb a bullet in a frontier gunfight. Yet, in his later pages, based on his original research, Meacham tries to separate Jackson from his rough-and-tumble reputation and to present him in a more multi-dimensional way. While there are plenty of anecdotes in "American Lion" about racehorses, gambling, whiskey and women, it's Jackson's sensitive side that surprises the reader. Always, it seems, he was looking for affection (think: Bill Clinton). "He was gloomy when people left him," Meacham writes, "and he could be the most demanding of men, insisting that others bend their lives to his. His was an interesting kind of neediness, often intertwined with sincere professions of love and regard." Not that Jackson was a kumbaya kinda guy. His will-for-power would have made Nietzsche flinch. While Emerson wrote of self-reliance and Whitman sung of self, Jackson dredged rivers and built roads. His spirit was as new as the country itself. He was a master of the veto. And the pocket veto. As David S. Reynolds, professor of history at the City University of New York, maintains in "Waking Giant," Jackson did more than all his predecessors combined to strengthen the power of the presidency. Unlike "Andrew Jackson" and "American Lion," which are chronological biographies, "Waking Giant" is an intellectual history and group portrait of America turning from a republic to a popular democracy during the Age of Jackson. While Reynolds also grapples with Manifest Destiny, the Monroe Doctrine, abolitionism and European immigration with consummate skill, it's his depiction of an exploding popular culture that makes "Waking Giant" an unmitigated delight. The reader meets Transcendentalists promoting anarchic individualism, Mormons finding God's tablets and Mesmerists time-traveling. And it was Old Hickory who produced the now-familiar notion that charisma and log-cabin imagery are vital factors in a U.S. presidential election. Clearly, as president from 1829 to 1837, Jackson changed American political culture by opening up our democracy. He insisted that the people were sovereign, their will absolute. He wanted all federal officials, even judges, subjected to direct election. "He was the people's president to a degree that few other presidents have been," Reynolds writes. "He not only provided a fresh spirit and language for average workers, he also made them feel more truly American than those they increasingly regarded as the idle rich." There was, however, a political cost. Jackson's audacity outraged his Whig critics, causing him to receive a congressional censure. Cartoonists portrayed him as King Andrew. His great rivals, Henry Clay and Daniel Webster, boasted that they deserved national gratitude for defending the Constitution against his crass usurpations. Apparently, all that sniping is now over. Jackson's reputation is secure (just look at a 20-dollar bill or read Meacham's rapturous description of Jackson's statue watching over the Potomac tidal basin, "never blinking, never tiring.") Together, these three books remind us of Jackson's steely accomplishments, from paying off the national debt in 1835 for the only time in U.S. history (take that Obama and McCain!) to ordering armed troops to South Carolina when the state tried to nullify the tariff. But the cult of Jackson should have limits. Unlike George Washington — who freed his slaves in death — Jackson was an unrepentant whipmaster. The inconvenient fact remains that his first significant act as president was passage of the Indian Removal Act, a genocide. The Trail of Tears makes Jackson an unsustainable hero in my eyes. There was a vileness to Jackson that shouldn't be glossed over by overly embracing the huzzas and tra-la-la-boom-dee-ays of the era. Given my druthers, I prefer John Quincy Adams, an educated man with a human rights instinct. The storyline these three fine scholars are hawking is that Jackson epitomized a young, restless democracy; but he was also a bigot and a killer with blood in his eyes and malice in his heart, always warring against what he called "savage enemies." Crazy old Gutzon Borglum was right not to chisel his lean face onto Mount Rushmore. Douglas Brinkley is professor of history at Rice University and CBS News' presidential historian. Reviewed by Douglas Brinkley, Washington Post Book World (Copyright 2006 Washington Post Book World Service/Washington Post Writers Group)
(hide most of this review)
Review:
"American Lion, Jon Meacham's carefully analytical biography, looks past the theatrics and posturing to the essential elements of Jackson's many showdowns....Case by case, Mr. Meacham dissects Jackson's battles and reinterprets them in a revealing new light." Janet Maslin, The New York Times
Review:
"Every so often a terrific biography comes along that shines a new light on a familiar figure in American history. So it was with David McCullough's John Adams, so it was with Walter Isaacson's Benjamin Franklin, so it is with Jon Meacham's Andrew Jackson. A master storyteller, Meacham interweaves the lives of Jackson and the members of his inner circle to create a highly original book." Doris Kearns Goodwin, author of Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln
Review:
"Finally, a book that explains our nation's most enigmatic hero....In helping us understand Jackson, Meacham helps us understand America." Walter Isaacson, author of Einstein: His Life and Universe
Review:
"What passes for political drama today pales in the reading of Jon Meacham's vividly told story of our seventh president. The rip-roaring two-fisted man of the people, duelist, passionate lover, gambler, and war hero was also a prime creator of the presidency as the fulcrum of executive power to defend democracy. Meacham also has the novelist's art of enthralling the general reader much as David McCullough did for the lesser figure of John Adams. Reading American Lion, one is no longer able to look on the gaunt, craggy face on the twenty-dollar bill without hearing the tumult of America in the making." Tina Brown, author of The Diana Chronicles
Review:
"A spellbinding, brilliant, and irresistible journey into the heart of Andrew Jackson and his unforgettable circle of friends and enemies. Meacham's important book shows us how the old hero transformed both the American presidency and the nation he led." Michael Beschloss, author of Presidential Courage: Brave Leaders and How They Changed America 1789-1989
Review:
"Meacham offers a fresh portrait of one of the most controversial and consequential men ever to occupy the White House." Sean Wilentz, Princeton University, author of The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln
Review:
"In magnificent prose, enriched by the author's discovery of new research materials, Jon Meacham has written an engrossing and original study of the life of Andrew Jackson....Scrupulously researched and vividly written, this book is certain to attract a large and diverse reading public." Robert V. Remini, National Book Award-winning author of Andrew Jackson: The Course of American Democracy, 1833-1845
Review:
"To say that Jon Meacham has written an important book is an understatement. No book published on Jackson in recent memory is more illuminating about his life, his family, his political ideology, and his religious beliefs." Providence Journal
Jon Meacham is the editor of Newsweek and author of American Lion and the New York Times bestsellers Franklin and Winston: An Intimate Portrait of an Epic Friendship and American Gospel: God, the Founding Fathers, and the Making of a Nation. He lives in New York City with his wife and children.
This is a book that is concerned with capturing the personality of Andrew Jackson, his thinking, and the transforming, as well as controversial, nature of his presidency. While the author looks briefly at Jackson’s earlier life as a rake, gambler, lawyer, hothead, successful military commander against the British and the Florida Indians, and politician, it is the White House years from 1829 to 1837 to which most attention is devoted. Jackson was a new breed of president, the first to not have a genteel upbringing. His toughness, fearlessness, and quick temper were legendary. He entered the White House with bullets in his chest and arm from duels/altercations.
Jackson’s election essentially ended the domination of the elites of Virginia and New England of the presidency. Reflective of his strong personality, he was not reluctant to wield independent power, making the audacious claim that he alone, as the President, represented the implicit will of the people. Challenging the assumptions of control of the entrenched bureaucracy and of Congress, Jackson with no hesitation acted to replace a substantial percentage of Federal appointees, vetoed legislation, asked for legislative approval to use force against the South Carolinian nullifiers, removed deposits from the Bank of the United States, and supported an aggressive Indian removal policy.
The author scarcely covers the details and ramifications of those decisions; he wants to show the impact that Jackson had on rivals Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, among others, as they reacted by routinely castigating him for overstepping his Constitutional authority and accruing power to the presidency. Likewise, Jackson’s controversial view that his actions were essentially legitimated through the nebulous will of the majority goes unexamined. His efforts to manipulate public opinion through his party’s, the Democracy, newspaper, the Globe, were especially deplored.
Beyond the politics of Jackson’s presidency, the author devotes a considerable part of the book to his interactions with his family and friends that accompanied him to Washington. Emily and Andrew Donelson, the niece and nephew of Jackson and married, are prominent in Jackson’s life in the White House. Jackson’s fierce loyalty is evidenced by his support of John Eaton, who fought with him in the War of 1812 and was his nominee for Sec of War, in his marriage to the beautiful, but controversial, Margaret Timberlake Eaton. Washington society would have nothing to do with this allegedly immoral woman, including Emily, yet Jackson cast acceptance of the Eaton’s as indicative of loyalty to his administration.
The book does get bogged down in its detailed capturing of every day life in the White House, what clothes are worn, and who said what to whom. In some ways the book reads like historical fiction, as the author indulgences in reconstructing thoughts and conversations by the various individuals. The trips between Washington and Jackson’s home in Tennessee, The Hermitage, are too frequently recounted. It seems like sickness hangs over the book; of course, in those times, before sound medical practice, that is none too surprising. But this is the side of Jackson’s life that the author wants to present, more so than the events and philosophies of the day.
The author notes that Jackson’s transcendent personality and willingness to stare down adversaries has not been lost on Presidents since, especially Lincoln, the Roosevelt’s, and Truman. It was the sheer strength of Jackson’s personality that permitted him to surpass Congressional initiative. The author is an admirer of Jackson, and accordingly seems to accept that Jackson’s appeals to the will of the people in opposing the interests of the rich represent an enhancement to democracy. A far broader examination of Jackson’s policies and actions than is provided in this book is needed to properly assess his claims of acting in the interest or, more importantly, at the direction of the people. While much is learned about Jackson, his personality, in some ways he remains elusive.
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American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House
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Jon Meacham
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Reviews:
"Publishers Weekly Review"
by Publishers Weekly,
"Newsweek editor and bestselling author Meacham (Franklin and Winston) offers a lively take on the seventh president's White House years. We get the Indian fighter and hero of New Orleans facing down South Carolina radicals' efforts to nullify federal laws they found unacceptable, speaking the words of democracy even if his banking and other policies strengthened local oligarchies, and doing nothing to protect southern Indians from their land-hungry white neighbors. For the first time, with Jackson, demagoguery became presidential, and his Democratic Party deepened its identification with Southern slavery. Relying on the huge mound of previous Jackson studies, Meacham can add little to this well-known story, save for the few tidbits he's unearthed in private collections rarely consulted before. What he does bring is a writer's flair and the ability to relate his story without the incrustations of ideology and position taking that often disfigure more scholarly studies of Jackson. Nevertheless, a gifted writer like Meacham might better turn his attention to tales less often told and subjects a bit tougher to enliven. 32 pages of b&w photos." Publishers Weekly (Copyright Reed Business Information, Inc.)
"Review"
by Janet Maslin, The New York Times,
"American Lion, Jon Meacham's carefully analytical biography, looks past the theatrics and posturing to the essential elements of Jackson's many showdowns....Case by case, Mr. Meacham dissects Jackson's battles and reinterprets them in a revealing new light."
"Review"
by Doris Kearns Goodwin, author of Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln,
"Every so often a terrific biography comes along that shines a new light on a familiar figure in American history. So it was with David McCullough's John Adams, so it was with Walter Isaacson's Benjamin Franklin, so it is with Jon Meacham's Andrew Jackson. A master storyteller, Meacham interweaves the lives of Jackson and the members of his inner circle to create a highly original book."
"Review"
by Walter Isaacson, author of Einstein: His Life and Universe,
"Finally, a book that explains our nation's most enigmatic hero....In helping us understand Jackson, Meacham helps us understand America."
"Review"
by Tina Brown, author of The Diana Chronicles,
"What passes for political drama today pales in the reading of Jon Meacham's vividly told story of our seventh president. The rip-roaring two-fisted man of the people, duelist, passionate lover, gambler, and war hero was also a prime creator of the presidency as the fulcrum of executive power to defend democracy. Meacham also has the novelist's art of enthralling the general reader much as David McCullough did for the lesser figure of John Adams. Reading American Lion, one is no longer able to look on the gaunt, craggy face on the twenty-dollar bill without hearing the tumult of America in the making."
"Review"
by ,
"A spellbinding, brilliant, and irresistible journey into the heart of Andrew Jackson and his unforgettable circle of friends and enemies. Meacham's important book shows us how the old hero transformed both the American presidency and the nation he led." Michael Beschloss, author of Presidential Courage: Brave Leaders and How They Changed America 1789-1989
"Review"
by Sean Wilentz, Princeton University, author of The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln,
"Meacham offers a fresh portrait of one of the most controversial and consequential men ever to occupy the White House."
"Review"
by ,
"In magnificent prose, enriched by the author's discovery of new research materials, Jon Meacham has written an engrossing and original study of the life of Andrew Jackson....Scrupulously researched and vividly written, this book is certain to attract a large and diverse reading public." Robert V. Remini, National Book Award-winning author of Andrew Jackson: The Course of American Democracy, 1833-1845
"Review"
by Providence Journal,
"To say that Jon Meacham has written an important book is an understatement. No book published on Jackson in recent memory is more illuminating about his life, his family, his political ideology, and his religious beliefs."
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