Synopses & Reviews
Could a Pope ever consent to be the subject of a political power? Chadwick presents an analysis of the causes and consequences of the end of the historic Papal State, and the psychological pressures upon old Rome as it came under attack from the Italian Risorgimento; and not only from Italy, but from liberal movements in Germany, France, Spain, and Portugal, as well as Tsarist Russia as it oppressed its Polish subjects. If a united Italy was to be achieved, the State would have to disappear. These pressures caused Popes to resist "the world" rather than to try to influence it, to make the Vatican more of a sanctuary behind high walls, and to preach the more otherworldly aspects of Catholic faith. At the same time they met new moral demands: the rights of the laborer in industry, divorce, and toleration--which they could confront because the Revolution had destroyed the powers of the Catholic kings over their churches. Thus, Chadwick points out, Catholic authority could be far more centralized in Rome.
Review
"...this book will benefit students, scholars and serious readers of ecclesiastical history....This book should remain a standard in the field of papal studies for years to come."--History
Review
"...quintessential Chadwick : history well researched, attentive to primary sources, covering a wide range of literature....a magisterial study."--Church History
"Possessing a vast knowledge of the facts, an unerring eye for significant detail, a ready wit, and a facile style, Chadwick reveals a mastery of the Latin, Italian, French, German, English, and Spanish sources."--Journal of Church and State
"A superb account of the papacy between the French Revolution and the Great War. His study is comprehensive, lucid, and fair." --First Things
"...this book will benefit students, scholars and serious readers of ecclesiastical history....This book should remain a standard in the field of papal studies for years to come."--History
"Chadwick offers, in this his latest contribution to the Oxford History of the Church series, some important insights into changing papal attitudes toward the modern State by chronicling the historic relationship between the papacy and the emerging European democracies of the nineteenth century." The Chesterton Review
Synopsis
Could a Pope ever consent to be the subject of a political power? Chadwick presents an analysis of the causes and consequences of the end of the historic Papal State, and the psychological pressures upon old Rome as it came under attack from the Italian Risorgimento; and not only from Italy, but from liberal movements in Germany, France, Spain, and Portugal, as well as Tsarist Russia as it oppressed its Polish subjects. If a united Italy was to be achieved, the State would have to disappear. These pressures caused Popes to resist "the world" rather than to try to influence it, to make the Vatican more of a sanctuary behind high walls, and to preach the more otherworldly aspects of Catholic faith. At the same time they met new moral demands: the rights of the laborer in industry, divorce, and toleration--which they could confront because the Revolution had destroyed the powers of the Catholic kings over their churches. Thus, Chadwick points out, Catholic authority could be far more centralized in Rome.
Table of Contents
1. Gregory XVI
2. A Liberal Pope, 1846-1848
3. Catholic Power
4. The Making of Italy
5. The Need for a Council
6. The Prisoner of the Vatican
7. Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903)
8. Pope Pius X (1903-1914)
9. Nationality and Religion: Tyrol and Poland
10. Nationality and Religion: Spain
11. Nationality and Religion: Portugal
12. The Religious
13. Catholic Universities
14. The Idea of Reunion
15. Saints in the Modern World