Note: Each chapter concludes with a timeline and brief bibliographic essay.
Part One: The Creation of American Society, 1450-1775
Chapter 1 Worlds Collide: Europe, Africa, and America, 14501620
Native American Worlds
The First Americans
The Mayas and the Aztecs
The Indians of the North
Traditional European Society in 1450
The Peasantry
Hierarchy and Authority
The Power of Religion
Europe Encounters Africa and the Americas, 14501550
The Renaissance
West African Society and Slavery
Europe Reaches the Americas
The Spanish Conquest
The Protestant Reformation and theRise of England
The Protestant Movement
The Dutch and the English Challenge Spain
The Social Causes of English Colonization
VOICES FROM ABROAD, Father le Petite: The Customs of the Natchez
AMERICAN VOICES, Friar Bernardino de Sahag?n: Aztec Elders Describe the Spanish Conquest
Chapter 2 The Invasion and Settlement of North America, 15501700
Imperial Conflicts and Rival Colonial Models
New Spain: Colonization and Conversion
New France: Furs and Souls
New Netherland: Commerce
English Virginia: Settlers and a Staple Crop
The Chesapeake Experience
Settling the Tobacco Colonies
Masters, Servants, and Slaves
The Seeds of Social Revolt
Bacons Rebellion
Puritan New England
The Puritan Migration
Puritanism and Witchcraft
A Yeoman Society, 16301700
The Eastern Indians New World
Puritans and Pequots
Metacoms (King Philips) Rebellion
The Fur Trade and the Inland Peoples
VOICES FROM ABROAD, Samuel de Champlain: Going to War with the Hurons
AMERICAN VOICES, Mary Rowlandson: A Captivity Narrative
Chapter 3 The British Empire in America, 16601750
The Politics of Empire, 16601713
The Great Aristocratic Land Grab
From Mercantilism to Imperial Dominion
The Glorious Revolution in England and America
Imperial Wars and Native People
The Imperial Slave Economy
The South Atlantic System
Slavery in the Chesapeake and South Carolina
The Emergence of an African American Community
Resistance and Accommodation
The Southern Gentry
The Northern Maritime Economy
The New Politics of Empire, 17131750
The Rise of Colonial Assemblies
Salutary Neglect
Protecting the Mercantile System
The American Economic Challenge
VOICES FROM ABROAD, Olaudah Equiano: The Brutal "Middle Passage"
AMERICAN VOICES, Governor Joseph Dudley and John Winchester, "A 'Leveling Spirit' in the Colonies
Chapter 4 Growth and Crisis in Colonial Society, 17201765
Freehold Society in New England
Farm Families: Womens Place
Farm Property: Inheritance
The Crisis of Freehold Society
The Middle Atlantic: Toward a New Society, 17201765
Economic Growth and Social Inequality
Cultural Diversity
Religious Identity and Political Conflict
The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening, 17401765
The Enlightenment in America
American Pietism and the Great Awakening
Religious Upheaval in the North
Social and Religious Conflict in the South
The Midcentury Challenge: War, Trade, and Social Conflict, 17501765
The French and Indian War Becomes a War for Empire
British Economic Growth and the Consumer Revolution
The Struggle for Land in the East
Western Uprisings and Regulator Movements
AMERICAN VOICES, "Runaway Servants and Slaves"
AMERICAN VOICES, Charles Woodmason, "Social Chaos on the Carolina Frontier
Chapter 5 Toward Independence: Years of Decision, 17631775
The Imperial Reformers, 17631765
The Legacy of War
The Sugar Act and Colonial Rights
An Open Challenge: The Stamp Act
The Dynamics of Rebellion, 17651766
Politicians Protest and the Crowd Rebels
Ideological Roots of Resistance
Parliament Compromises, 1766
The Growing Confrontation, 17671770
The Townshend Initiatives
America Again Debates and Resists
Lord North Compromises, 1770
The Road to War, 17711775
The Compromise Ignored
The Continental Congress Responds
The Rising of the Countryside
The Failure of Compromise
AMERICAN VOICES, Samuel Adams: An American View of the Stamp Act
VOICES FROM ABROAD, Lieutenant Colonel Franklin Smith, "A British View of Lexington and Concord"
Part Two: The New Republic, 1775-1820
Chapter 6 War and Revolution, 17751783
Toward Independence, 1775-1776
The Second Continental Congress and the Civil War
Common Sense
Independence Declared
The Trials of War, 1776-1778
War in the North
Armies and Strategies
Victory at Saratoga
Social and Financial Perils
The Path to Victory, 1778-1783
The French Alliance
War in the South
The Patriot Advantage
Diplomatic Triumph
Republicanism Defined and Challenged
Republican Ideals Under Wartime Pressures
The Loyalist Exodus
The Problem of Slavery
A Republican Religious Order
AMERICAN VOICES, "Mary Hooks Slocumb, The Meaning of War"
VOICES FROM ABROAD, "Alexander Coventry, The Character of Northern Slavery"
Chapter 7 The New Political Order, 17761800
Creating Republican Institutions, 1776-1787
The State Constitutions: How Much Democracy?
The Articles of Confederation
Shays Rebellion
The Constitution of 1787
The Rise of a Nationalist Faction
The Philadelphia Convention
The People Debate Ratification
The Federalists Implement the Constitution
The Political Crisis of the 1790s
Hamiltons Financial Program
Jeffersons Agrarian Vision
The French Revolution Divides Americans
The Rise of Political Parties
Constitutional Crisis, 1798-1800
AMERICAN VOICES, Abigail and John Adams: The Status of Women
VOICES FROM ABROAD, William Cobbett: Peter Porcupine Attacks Pro-French Americans
Chapter 8 The Dynamics of Western Settlement and Eastern Capitalism, 17901820
Westward Expansion
Native American Resistance
Migration and the Changing Farm Economy
The Transportation Bottleneck
The Republicans Political Revolution
The Jeffersonian Presidency
Jefferson and the West
Conflict with Britain and France
The War of 1812
The Capitalist Commonwealth
Banks, Manufacturing, and Markets
Public Policy: The Commonwealth System
Federalist Law: John Marshall and the Supreme Court
AMERICAN VOICES, Red Jacket: A Seneca Chiefs Understanding of Religion
VOICES FROM ABROAD, Alexis de Tocqueville: Law and Lawyers in the United States
Chapter 9 The Quest for a Republican Society, 17901820
Democratic Republicanism
Social and Political Equality for White Men
Toward a Republican Marriage System
Republican Motherhood
Raising and Educating Republican Children
Aristocratic Republicanism and Slavery
The North and South Grow Apart
Toward a New Southern Social Order
Slave Society and Culture
The Free Black Population
The Missouri Crisis
Protestant Christianity as a Social Force
The Second Great Awakening
Womens New Religious Roles
AMERICAN VOICES, Jacob Stroyer: A Child Learns the Meaning of Slavery
VOICES FROM ABROAD, Frances Trollope: A Camp-Meeting in Indiana
Part Three: Economic Revolution and Sectional Strife, 1820-1877
Chapter 10 The Economic Revolution, 18201860
The Coming of Industry: Northeastern Manufacturing
Division of Labor and the Factory
The Textile Industry and British Competition
American Mechanics and Technological Innovation
Wage Workers and the Labor Movement
The Market Revolution
Migration to the Southwest and the Midwest
The Transportation Revolution Forges Regional Ties
The Growth of Cities and Towns
Changes in the Social Structure
The Business Elite
The Middle Class
Urban Workers and the Poor
The Benevolent Empire
Revivalism and Reform
Immigration and Cultural Conflict
AMERICAN VOICES, Lucy Larcom: Early Days at Lowell
AMERICAN VOICES, John Gough: The Vice of Intemperance
Chapter 11 A Democratic Revolution, 18201844
The Rise of Popular Politics, 18201829
The Decline of the Notables and the Rise of Parties
The Election of 1824
The Last Notable President: John Quincy Adams
"The Democracy" and the Election of 1828
The Jacksonian Presidency, 18291837
Jacksons Agenda: Patronage and Policy
The Tariff and Nullification
The Bank War
Indian Removal
The Jacksonian Impact
Class, Culture, and the Second Party System
The Whig Worldview
Labor Politics and the Depression of 18371843
"Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!"
AMERICAN VOICES, Margaret Bayard Smith: Republican Majesty and Mobs
AMERICAN VOICES, Black Hawk: A Sacred Reverence for Our Lands
Chapter 12 Religion and Reform, 18201860
Individualism
Emerson and Transcendentalism
Emersons Literary Influence
Brook Farm
Communalism
The Shakers
The Fourierist Phalanxes
Noyes and the Oneida Community
The Mormon Experience
Abolitionism
Uplift, Race-Equality, and Rebellion
Garrison and Evangelical Abolitionism
Opposition and Internal Conflict
The Womens Rights Movement
Origins of the Womens Movement
Abolitionism and Women
The Program of Seneca Falls and Beyond
AMERICAN VOICES, An Illinois "Jeffersonian" Attacks the Mormons
AMERICAN VOICES, Keziah Kendall: A Farm Woman Defends the Grimké Sisters
Chapter 13 The Crisis of the Union, 18441860
Manifest Destiny
The Mature Cotton Economy, 1820-1860
The Independence of Texas
The Push to the Pacific: Oregon and California
The Fateful Election of 1844
War, Expansion, and Slavery, 1846-1850
The War with Mexico, 1846-1848
A Divisive Victory
1850: Crisis and Compromise
The End of the Second Party System, 1850-1858
Resistance to the Fugitive Slave Act
The Political System in Decline
The Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Rise of New Parties
The Election of 1856 and Dred Scott
Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Triumph, 1858-1860
Lincolns Political Career
The Party System Fragments
AMERICAN VOICES, Mary Boykin Chesnut: A Slaveholding Womans Diary
AMERICAN VOICES, Axalla John Hoole: "Bleeding Kansas": A Southern View
Chapter 14 Two Societies at War, 18611865
Secession and Military Stalemate, 1861-1862
Choosing Sides
Setting Objectives and Devising Strategies
Toward Total War
Mobilizing Armies and Civilians
Mobilizing Resources
The Turning Point: 1863
Emancipation
Vicksburg and Gettysburg
The Union Victorious, 1864-1865
Soldiers and Strategy
The Election of 1864 and Shermans March to the Sea
VOICES FROM ABROAD, Ernest Duveyier de Hauranne: German Immigrants and the Civil War in Missouri
AMERICAN VOICES, Dolly Summer Lunt, Sherman's March Through Georgia
Chapter 15 Reconstruction, 18651877
Presidential Reconstruction
Lincolns Approach
Johnson Seizes the Initiative
Acting on Freedom
Congress versus President
Radical Reconstruction
Congress Takes Command
Woman Suffrage Denied
Republican Rule in the South
The Quest for Land
The Undoing of Reconstruction
Counterrevolution
The Acquiescent North
The Political Crisis of 1877
AMERICAN VOICES, Jourdon Anderson: Relishing Freedom
AMERICAN VOICES, Harriet Hernandes: The Intimidation of Black Voters
Part Four: A Maturing Industrial Society, 1877-1914
Chapter 16 The American West
The Great Plains
Indians of the Great Plains
Wagon Trains, Railroads, and Ranchers
Homesteaders
The Fate of the Indians
The Far West
The Mining Frontier
Hispanics, Chinese, Anglos
Golden California
AMERICAN VOICES, Ida Lindgren: Swedish Emigrant in Frontier Kansas
VOICES FROM ABROAD, Baron Joseph Alexander von Hübner: A Western Boom Town
Chapter 17 Capital and Labor in the Age of Enterprise 18771900
Industrial Capitalism Triumphant
The Age of Steel
The Railroad Boom
Large-scale Enterprise
The World of Work
Labor Recruits
Autonomous Labor
Systems of Control
The Labor Movement
Reformers and Unionists
The Triumph of "Pure and Simple" Unionism
Industrial War
American Radicalism in the Making
VOICES FROM ABROAD, Count Vay de Vaya Und Luskod: Pittsburgh Inferno
AMERICAN VOICES, Rose Schneiderman: Trade Unionist
Chapter 18 The Rise of the City
Urbanization
City Innovation
Private City, Public City
A Balance Sheet: Chicago and Berlin
Upper Class/Middle Class
The Urban Elite
The Suburban World
Middle-Class Families
City Life
Newcomers
Ward Politics
Religion in the City
City Amusements
The Higher Culture
AMERICAN VOICES, M. Carey Thomas: "We Did Not Know
Whether Womens Health Could Stand the Strain of College Education
AMERICAN VOICES, Bintel Brief
Chapter 19 Politics in the Age of Enterprise, 1877-1896
The Politics of the Status Quo, 18771893
The National Scene
The Ideology of Individualism
The Supremacy of the Courts
Politics and the People
Cultural Politics: Party, Religion, and Ethnicity
Organizational Politics
Womens Political Culture
Race and Politics in the New South
Biracial Politics
One-Party Rule Triumphant
The Case of Grimes County
The Crisis of American Politics: The 1890s
The Populist Revolt
Money and Politics
Climax: The Election of 1896
AMERICAN VOICES, Helen Potter: The Case for Womens Political Rights
AMERICAN VOICES, Tom Watson: The Case for Interracial Unity
Chapter 20 The Progressive Era
The Course of Reform
Progressive Ideas
Women Progressives
Reforming Politics
Racism and Reform
Urban Liberalism
Progressivism and National Politics
The Making of a Progressive President
Regulating the Marketplace
The Fracturing of Republican Progressivism
Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedom
AMERICAN VOICES, Dr. Alice Hamilton: Tracking Down Lead Poisoning
VOICES FROM ABROAD, James Bryce: America in 1905, "Business is King"
Chapter 21 An Emerging World Power, 18771914
The Roots of Expansion
Diplomacy in the Gilded Age
The Economy of Expansionism
The Making of a "Large" Foreign Policy
The Ideology of Expansionism
An American Empire
The Cuban Crisis
The Spoils of War
The Imperial Experiment
Onto the World Stage
A Power among Powers
The Open Door in Asia
Wilson and Mexico
The Gathering Storm in Europe
AMERICAN VOICES, George W. Prioleau, "Black Soldiers in a White Mans War"
VOICES FROM ABROAD, Jean Hess, Emile Zola, and Ruben Dario, "American Goliath"
Part Five: The Modern State and Society, 1914-1945
Chapter 22 War and the American State, 19141920
Great War, 19141918
War in Europe
The Perils of Neutrality
"Over There"
War on the Home Front
Mobilizing Industry and the Economy
Mobilizing American Workers
Wartime Reform: Woman Suffrage and Prohibition
Promoting National Unity
An Unsettled Peace, 19191920
The Treaty of Versailles
Racial Strife, Labor Unrest, and the Red Scare
AMERICAN VOICES, Harry Curtin: Trench Warfare
AMERICAN VOICES, Southern Migrants
Chapter 23 Modern Times: The 1920s
Business-Government Partnership of the 1920s
Politics in the Republican "New Era"
The Economy
Economic Expansion Abroad
A New National Culture
A Consumer Culture
Mass Media and New Patterns of Leisure
Dissenting Values and Cultural Conflict
The Rise of Nativism
Legislating Values: The Scopes Trial and Prohibition
Intellectual Crosscurrents
Cultural Clash in the Election of 1928
VOICES FROM ABROAD, The Ford Miracle: "Slaves to the Assembly Line"
AMERICAN VOICES, Kazuo Kawai: A Foreigner in America
Chapter 24 The Great Depression
The Coming of the Great Depression
Causes of the Depression
The Worldwide Depression
Hard Times
Families Face the Depression
Popular Culture Views the Depression
Harder Times for the Down and Out
African Americans in the Depression
Dustbowl Migrants
Mexican American Communities
Asian Americans Face the Depression
Herbert Hoover and the Great Depression
Hoover Responds
Rising Discontent
The 1932 Election: A New Order
AMERICAN VOICES, Larry Van Dusen: A Working-Class Family Encounters the Great
AMERICAN VOICES, Public Assistance Fails a Southern Family
Chapter 25 The New Deal, 19331939
The New Deal Takes Over, 19331935
The Roosevelt Style of Leadership
The Hundred Days
The New Deal Under Attack
The Second New Deal, 19351938
Legislative Accomplishments
Stalemate
The New Deals Impact on Society
New Deal Constituencies and the Broker State
The New Deal and the Land
The New Deal and the Arts
The Legacies of the New Deal
AMERICAN VOICES, Americans Respond to the Fireside Chats
AMERICAN VOICES, Susana Archuleta: A Chicana Youth Gets New Deal Work
Chapter 26 The World at War, 19391945
The Road to War
The Rise of Fascism
Depression-Era Isolationism
Retreat from Isolationsim
The Attack on Pearl Harborr
Organizing for Victory
Defense Mobilization
Workers and the War Effort
Politics in Wartime
Life on the Home Front
"For the Duration"
Japanese Internment
Fighting and Winning the War
Wartime Aims and Strategies
The War in Europe
The War in the Pacific
Planning the Postwar World
VOICES FROM ABROAD, German POWs: American Race Relations
AMERICAN VOICES, Juanita Redmond, An Army Nurse in Bataan
Part Six: American and the World, 1945 to the Present
Chapter 27 Cold War America, 1945-1960
The Cold War Abroad
Descent into Cold War, 19451946
The Truman Doctrine and Containment
Containment in Asia and the Korean War
Eisenhower and the "New Look" of Foreign Policy
The Cold War in the Middle East
The Cold War at Home
Postwar Domestic Challenges
Fair Deal Liberalism
The Great Fear
"Modern Republicanism"
The Emergence of Civil Rights as a National and International Issue
Civil Rights Under Truman
Challenging Segregation
The Impact of the Cold War
Nuclear Proliferation
The Military-Industrial Complex
VOICES FROM ABROAD, Jean Monnet: Trumans Generous Proposal
AMERICAN VOICES, Ron Kovic: Memories of a Cold War Childhood
Chapter 28 The Affluent Society and the Liberal Consensus, 1945-1965
The Affluent Society
Economic Expansion and the Affluent Society
The Suburban Explosion
American Life during the Baby Boom
Consumer Culture
The Search for Security: Religion and the Family
Contradictions in Womens Lives
Youth Culture and Challenges to Conformity
The Other America
International and Domestic Migration to Cities
The Urban Crisis
John F. Kennedy and the Politics of Expectation
The New Politics
Activism Abroad
The New Frontier at Home
New Tactics for the Civil Rights Movement
The Kennedy Assassination
Lyndon B. Johnson and the Great Society
The Momentum for Civil Rights
Enacting the Liberal Agenda
AMERICAN VOICES, A Woman Encounters the Feminine Mystique
AMERICAN VOICES, Anne Moody, "We Would Like to be Served"
Chapter 29 War Abroad and at Home: the Vietnam Era, 1961-1975
Into the Quagmire, 19451968
America in Vietnam: From Truman to Kennedy
Escalation: The Johnson Years
American Soldiers Perspectives on the War
The Cold-War Consensus Unravels
Public Opinion on Vietnam
Student Activism
The Counterculture
The Widening Struggle for Civil Rights
The Rights Revolution
The Revival of Feminism
The Long Road Home, 1968-1975
1968: A Year of Shocks
Nixons War
Withdrawal from Vietnam and Détente
The Legacy of Vietnam
AMERICAN VOICES, Dave Cline, "A Vietnam Vet Remembers"
AMERICAN VOICES, Mary Crow Dog: The Trail of Broken Treaties
Chapter 30 The Lean Years, 1969-1980
The Nixon Years
The Republican Domestic Agenda
The 1972 Election
Watergate
Lean Economic Times
Energy Crisis
Economic Woes
Reform and Reaction in the 1970s
The New Activism: Environmental and Consumer Movements
Challenges to Tradition: The Womens Movement and Gay Rights
Racial Minorities
The Growth of Conservatism
Politics in the Wake of Watergate
Fords Caretaker Presidency
Jimmy Carter: The Outsider as President
Carter and the World
The Reagan Revolution
AMERICAN VOICES, Elizabeth Drew: Watergate Diary
AMERICAN VOICES, David Kopay, The Real Score: A Gay Athlete Comes Out
Chapter 31 A New Domestic and World Order, 19812004
Reagan-Bush Domestic Policy, 19811993
Reaganomics
Reagans Second Term
The First Bush Presidency
Foreign Relations under Reagan and Bush
Interventions in Developing Countries and the End of the Cold War
War in the Persian Gulf, 19901991
Uncertain Times: Economic and Social Trends at the Turn of the Millennium
The Economic Rollercoaster
Globalization
Popular Technology
An Increasingly Pluralistic Society
Backlash Against Womens and Gay Rights
The Environmental Movement at Twenty-five
Restructuring the Domestic and International Order: Public Life 1992-2004
Clintons First Term
Limiting the Federal Government
Clintons Impeachment
Clintons Foreign Policy
An Unprecedented Election
George W. Bushs Early Presidency and September 11
Politics and the Economy after 9/11
VOICES FROM ABROAD, Saddam Hussein: Calling for a Holy War against the United
AMERICAN VOICES, John Lewis, "We Marched to Be Counted"
Documents
Appendix
Credits
Index