Using primary and secondary source material and numerous photographs and illustrations, The American Record presents history through a broad perspective. Blending the traditional approach to American history (centered on politics, economics, diplomacy, and war) with the modern approach (including histories of women and children, people of color, and the poor and economically marginal), it offers a version of our national past that is inclusive, complex, and dynamic. Volume 1 covers the span from the European conquest of America through Reconstruction; Volume 2 covers Reconstruction to the present.
Using primary and secondary source material and numerous photographs and illustrations, The American Record presents history through a broad perspective. Blending the traditional approach to American history (centered on politics, economics, diplomacy, and war) with the modern approach (including histories of women and children, people of color, and the poor and economically marginal), it offers a version of our national past that is inclusive, complex, and dynamic. Volume 1 covers the span from the European conquest of America through Reconstruction; Volume 2 covers Reconstruction to the present.
William Graebner is professor of history at the State University of New York, College at Fredonia. He has written on a variety of aspects of twentieth-century American history. His books include A History of Retirement (1980), The Engineering of Consent: Democracy and Authority in Twentieth-Century America (1987), Coming of Age in Buffalo (1990), and The Age of Doubt: American Thought and Culture in the 1940s (1991). He is Associate Editor of American Studies.Leonard Richards is a Professor of History at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. He was awarded the 1970 Beveridge Prize by the American Historical Association for his book Gentlemen of Property and Standing: Anti-Abolition Mobs in Jacksonian America. Professor Richards is also the author of The Advent of American Democracy and The Life and Times of Congressman John Quincy Adams.
Volume Two: 1: Reconstruction
INTERPRETIVE ESSAY
Promised Land, Elizabeth Rauh Bethel
SOURCES
Voices: The Meaning of Freedom
Letter from Jourdon Anderson to His Former Master, from The Freedmens Book, Edited by Lydia Maria Child, 1865
The Cartoonists View of Reconstruction
IMAGES
Ten Political Cartoons by Thomas Nast, 1865–1876
The South Redeemed
Map: The Barrow Plantation, 1860 and 1880
THE BIG PICTURE
2: The Gilded Age
INTERPRETIVE ESSAY
Gunfire and Brickbats: The Great Railway Strikes of 1877, Gerald G. Eggert
IMAGES
The Sixth Maryland Regiment, Fighting Its Way through Baltimore During the Great Strike of 1877; Robert M. Ammon, the Leader of the Pittsburgh and Fort Wayne Railroad Strike, at His Post; The Great StrikeBlockade of Engines at Martinsburg, West Virginia; The Great StrikeBurning of the Lebanon Valley Railroad Bridge by the Rioters; Great Railroad Strike, Pittsburgh, 1877
ON THE WEB:The 1877 strike in Baltimore
SOURCES
The Working Class, A Widespread Rising . . . E. L. Godkin
Voices: Almost Part of the Machinery
Testimony of John Morrison Before the U.S. Senate, 1883
Photo Essay: Alice Austen/Images of Work
IMAGES
Two bootblacks, City Hall Park; Sweeper in Rubber Boots; Rag Pickers with Billboard; Immigrant and Pretzel Vendor
THE BIG PICTURE
3: The West
INTERPRETIVE ESSAY
Americas Robin Hood, Kent L. Steckmesser IMAGES:
Advertising Circular for a Production Based on the Life of Jesse James (ca. 1888); The Mythic Home of Jesse James; cover of An Authentic Life of Billy the Kid (1882) SOURCES:
Voices: Growing Up Indian, in a White Mans World Zitkala-S¿a ON THE WEB:
The Life and Works of Zitkala-S¿A Visualizing Assimilation: Photographs from the Hampton Normal and Agriculture Institute, Hampton, Virginia (1880s) The Worlds of Quanah Parker: A Photo Essay IMAGES:
Quanah Parker, Seated Next to a Portrait of His Mother; Comanche Chief Quanah Parker on Horseback Near His Home, Cache, Oklahoma Territory, (ca. 1910); Quanah Parker on the Porch of His Home (ca. 1895); Quanah Parker, with One of His Seven Wives; Quanah Parkers Home (1912) The Significance of the Frontier in American History, Frederick Jackson Turner THE BIG PICTURE
4: Cities and Immigrants, Cities and Migrants
INTERPRETIVE ESSAY
Women and Migration: Autonomous Female Migrants to Chicago, 1880–1930, Joanne Meyerowitz SOURCES:
Interior Space: The Dumbbell Tenement
IMAGE:
A Typical Dumbbell Tenement ON THE WEB:
Virtual Tour of Manhattans Tenements Urban Images The Refined City: A Photo Essay IMAGES:
“Central Park, the Drive,” by Currier and Ives (1862); Worlds Columbian Exposition, Chicago, (1893); Frederick C. Robie House, Chicago, Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright; Delmonicos, New York City (1930) The Threatening City: A Photo Essay
IMAGES:
Bandits Roost, New York City (ca. 1887), by Richard Hoe Lawrence (2 versions); A Thompson Street Black and Tan Dive on the Lower East Side; “Purdys Court,” near the Capitol, Washington, D.C. (1980) ON THE WEB:
Photographs of Richard Hoe Lawrence and Jacob Riis
VOICES:
The Perils of Unrestricted Migration (1894) Rena M. Atchison THE BIG PICTURE
5: Empire
INTERPRETIVE ESSAY
Black Soldiers and the White Mans Burden, Willard B. Gatewood, Jr. SOURCES:
Voices: Combat: An Officers Account, William Connor Picturing Empire: A Photo Essay
IMAGES:
Admiral Dewey on the deck of the Olympia with his dog, Bob (1899); Dancing Sailors (1899); Frances Benjamin Johnston in the crews mess of the Olympia (1899) DEBATES:
Debating Empire
“March of the Flag” and “Our Philippine Policy” Albert J. Beveridge
“Americas Mission” and “Imperialism” William Jennings Bryan ON THE WEB: Music of John Philip Sousa
Imagining the African “Other”
Voices: Touring “Darkest Africa” Mabel E. Barnes
IMAGE:
“Tickets Here for Darkest Africa”
The Search for the Primitive: Tarzan of the Apes
IMAGE:
Cover of the September 1, 1912, Issue of the All-Story Magazine
THE BIG PICTURE
6: Progressivism: The Age of Reform
INTERPRETIVE ESSAY
Cleaning Up the Dance Halls, Elisabeth Perry ON THE WEB:
Belle Israels; The Triangle Fire SOURCES:
Hull-House: The Softer Side of Progressive Reform? Jane Addams
The Progressive Vision of Lewis Hine: A Photo Essay
IMAGES:
Child Workers in Shrimp and Oyster Canneries, Pass Christian, Mississippi (ca. 1912); Alfred, 13, Who Lost Part of a Finger in a Spinning Machine (1915); City Children Pressed into Service to Pick Cotton (1914); Children at a Fall River, Massachusetts, Mill (1914); Cotton Pickers and a Cotton-Picking Machine (1914)
Patriotism: A Menace to Liberty, Emma Goldman
IMAGES:
Poster, “Join the Army” (ca. 1918); Emma Goldman, Riding a Tram (ca. 1918)
ON THE WEB:
Exhibition on Emma Goldman
THE BIG PICTURE
7: From War to “Normalcy”
INTERPRETIVE ESSAY
Political Fundamentalism, William E. Leuchtenburg
SOURCES:
The Scopes Trial: Testimony of William Jennings Bryan
IMAGES:
Crowded Courtroom in Dayton, Tennessee; “Evolution in Tennessee” (1925), by Clifford Kennedy Berryman
ON THE WEB:
The Scopes Trial
The New Woman: A Photo Essay
IMAGES:
Miss Suzette Dewey, Beside Her Roadster (1927); Margaret Gorman, Miss America (1921); Tybee Beach No. 6, Savannah, Georgia; Girls Dancing During Noon Hour (1927); “The Gay Northeasterners” Strolling on 7th Avenue (ca. 1927)
VOICES:
Singing the Blues
Lyrics from Blues Songs by Gertrude Rainey, Porter Grainger, Bessie Smith, and Thomas Dorsey
IMAGE:
Portrait of Bessie Smith
THE BIG PICTURE
8: The Great Depression and the New Deal
INTERPRETIVE ESSAY
Mean Streets: Black Harlem in the Great Depression, Cheryl Greenberg
IMAGES:
“Midsummer Night in Harlem,” by Palmer Hayden; Black Children Playing Leapfrog in a Harlem Street (ca. 1930)
ON THE WEB:
Greenbelt, Maryland, Jersey Homesteads
SOURCES:
Voices: Letters from the “Forgotten Man”, Robert S. McElvaine
Images from the 1930s: A Visual Essay
IMAGES:
Allan Thomas, “Extending the Frontier in Northwest Territory”; Xavier Gonzalez, “Pioneer Saga”; Paul Meltsner, “Ohio”; Caroline S. Rohland, “Spring”; Howard Cook, “Steel Industry”, Migrant Mother
IMAGES:
Dorothea Lange, “Migrant Mother” (no. 2), “Migrant Mother” (no. 6)
THE BIG PICTURE
9: World War II: Optimism and Anxiety
INTERPRETIVE ESSAY
Strangers from a Different Shore: The Relocation of Japanese Americans, Ronald Takaki
IMAGE:
Billboard, Buy War Bonds
SOURCES:
Voices: The Kikuchi Diary, Charles Kikuchi
Tanforan: A Photo Essay
IMAGES:
A Family Enjoys the Sunshine on the Porch of Their Quarters; A Watchtower Guard Scrutinizes the Landscape; An Evacuee Artist Sketches a Model; Evacuees Who Were Citizens Retained Right to Vote
ON THE WEB:
Ansel Adams Photographs of The Manzanar, California, Relocation Center
IMAGE:
Bataan (1943)
Truman on Hiroshima (August 6, 1945)
Dark Victory: A Visual Essay
IMAGES:
Soldier Home on Furlough, Brown Summit, North Carolina (1944); Returning veteran Fre Derry Applies for a Job in The Best Years of Our Lives (1946); The Tanner Family, at Home in the Humble Oil Company “Poor Boy” Camp, Tomball, Texas (1945); A Barmaid in Great Falls, Montana (1944); Image from Riverside High School Skipper, Buffalo, New York (1946)
THE BIG PICTURE
10: Cold War, Cold War at Home
INTERPRETIVE ESSAY
The Postwar Sex Crime Panic, George Chauncey, Jr.
IMAGES:
“How Safe Is Your Daughter?” (1947); Detroit Brochure on the Dangers of Sex Crime
SOURCES:
The Search for Communists: HUAC Investigates Hollywood
Testimony of Actor Adolph Menjou
IMAGE:
Adolph Menjou at the Un-American Activities Hearing, October 1, 1947
ON THE WEB:
Paul Robeson, Clifford Odets, And Others Accused Of Being Communists Or Communist Sympathizers
Tail Gunner Joe: The Wheeling Address Joseph McCarthy
IMAGE:
Joseph McCarthy and Joseph Welch at the Army-McCarthy Hearings, 1954
ON THE WEB:
Narration of Events at the University Of Washington, Where Three Professors Were Fired In 1949
Selling America
IMAGES:
The A. Jackson Cory Family in the Living Room of Their Takoma Park, Maryland, Home (1950); Brennan Jacques, a Typical American Teenager, Playing the Piano for a Group of Young People (1957)
THE BIG PICTURE
11: The Fifties
INTERPRETIVE ESSAY
Rebels Without a Cause? Teenagers in the 1950s, Beth Bailey
SOURCES:
The Suburbs
IMAGES:
Levittown, New York, Aerial View; A Levittown House, 1958
Rock ‘n Roll
Song Lyrics from Joe Turners and Bill Haleys Versions of “Shake, Rattle and Roll”
ON THE WEB:
The Popular Culture of The 1950s
VOICES:
Challenging the Consensus: Integrating the Public Schools , Melba Pattillo Beals IMAGES:
Troops of 11th Airborne Division Move Crowd Away from in Front of Central High School; African American Students Arriving at Central High School in U.S. Army Car; African American Student Elizabeth Eckford Endures Epithets of White Girl Outside Central High School; African American Students from Little Rocks Central High School Display Their $1, Awards from the National Negro Elks Convention
ON THE WEB:
Will Counts Photographs of The Little Rock Segregation Crisis
Television: A Visual Essay
IMAGES:
“Give your family a Crosley Christmas” (195); Coffee with Your TV (1950); RCA Eye Witness Television (1948); Crosley Full Room Vision (1950); “Get Set for New Holiday Thrills” (1951); Happiness Is Sure Headin Your Way (1949); Watching the Philco (1949); Tune In on History, with a Westinghouse (1952)
THE BIG PICTURE
12: The 1960s: Resistance
INTERPRETIVE ESSAY
Confronting the War Machine, Michael S. Foley
IMAGE:
Dr. William Sloan Coffin, Jr., Yale University Chaplin, Waits for Verdict on Draft Conspiracy Charges in Boston (1968)
SOURCES:
Resisting the Draft: A Statistical Profile (5 Tables)
Debates: Vietnam
Pattern for Peace in Southeast Asia (1965) Lyndon Johnson Vietnam Veterans against the War (1971) John Kerry
IMAGES:
President Lyndon Johnson Listens to a Tape Recording from Capt. Charles Robb (1968); Vietnam Veteran John Kerry at a Press Conference (1971)
Resisting the Dominant Culture: Playing the Intersection Game, Charles Perry
IMAGE:
“The San Francisco Mime Troupe Entertains” (1967)
ON THE WEB:
The Digger Archives, And the Berkeley Free Speech Movement
THE BIG PICTURE
13: Under Siege, Coming Apart
IMAGE:
John Travolta in His Famous Disco-Dancing Pose in Saturday Night Fever (1977)
ON THE WEB:
Jimmy Carters “Crisis of Confidence” Address (1979)
INTERPRETIVE ESSAY
From Integration to Diversity, Bruce J. Schulma
IMAGE:
The Jeffersons
SOURCES:
The New Feminism
Visualizing Feminism
IMAGES:
The Woman Citizen (1948); The Woman Citizen (1971)
The Equal Rights Amendment
The ERA
Positions For and Against the ERA ON THE WEB: Chronology of the ERA, Since 1923
The Decline of the Hero
Polling for Heroes (1977)
IMAGE:
Lee Majors, star of the television series The Six Million Dollar Man, and his wife, Farah Fawcett Majors, star of Charlies Angels
THE BIG PICTURE
14: Reagan's America
INTERPRETIVE ESSAY
Reckoning with Reagan, Michael Schaller
SOURCES:
The Reagan Image: A Photo Essay
IMAGES:
Ronald Reagan Reading His Morning Papers While Eating Breakfast in the Oval Office (1982); Ronald Reagan Riding at the Ranch (1983); Ronald Reagan After a Days Work on the Ranch (1983); Ronald and Nancy Reagan Taking a Boat Ride at the Ranch (1983)
ON THE WEB:
Iran/Contra
The Homeless: A Photo Essay
IMAGES:
One of a New Breed of “Cart” People, Baltimore (1986); A Homeless Man Lies Under a Clear Blanket in Lafayette Square, Across the Street from the White House (1987); Delia Torres Serves Food to Some of the Homeless, New York City (1986); A Homeless Couple in a Cardboard Box near Madison Square Garden (1992)
Reagan and the Religious Right
Remarks at the Annual Convention of the National Association of Evangelicals in Orlando, Florida, March 3, 1983
Ronald Reagan
ON THE WEB:
Cultural History of The 1980s
THE BIG PICTURE
15: New World Order ON THE WEB:
Reports of the National Commission On Terrorist Attacks (2004)
INTERPRETIVE ESSAY
The Vulcans, James Mann
SOURCES:
Debates: Nation-Building and the New World Order
George W. Bush Debates Al Gore (2000)
IMAGE:
George W. Bush, Al Gore, and Moderator Jim Lehrer at the Second Presidential Debate, Wake Forest University, October 11, 2000
ON THE WEB:
Text of President Debates Since 1948
The Bush Record on Foreign Relations: A Collage
Project for the New American Century, “Statement of Principles,” June 3, 1997
President George W. Bush, State of the Union Address, January 29, 2002
The White House, “The National Security Strategy of the United States of America,” September 2002
IMAGE:
President George W. Bush on the Flight Deck of the USS Abraham Lincoln, May 1, 23, Announcing an End to Major Combat Operations in Iraq
THE BIG PICTURE
ON THE WEB:
“This Land,” A 2-Minute Film Featuring Puppet like Figures of George W. Bush and John Kerry (Summer, 2004)