Synopses & Reviews
The main objectives of this text are to provide the student with a clear and logical presentation of the basic concepts and principles of physics, and to strengthen the student's understanding of the concepts and principles through a broad range of interesting applications to the real world. In order to meet these objectives, emphasis is placed on sound physical arguments and discussions of everyday experiences and observations. At the same time, students are motivated through practical examples that demonstrate the role of physics in other disciplines. A Web site has been designed to help meet objectives and to provide extra information for interested students and faculty.
About the Author
Raymond A. Serway received his doctorate at Illinois Institute of Technology and is Professor Emeritus at James Madison University. In 2011, he was awarded an honorary doctorate degree from his alma mater, Utica College. He received the 1990 Madison Scholar Award at James Madison University, where he taught for 17 years. Dr. Serway began his teaching career at Clarkson University, where he conducted research and taught from 1967 to 1980. He was the recipient of the Distinguished Teaching Award at Clarkson University in 1977 and the Alumni Achievement Award from Utica College in 1985. As Guest Scientist at the IBM Research Laboratory in Zurich, Switzerland, he worked with K. Alex Müller, 1987 Nobel Prize recipient. Dr. Serway also was a visiting scientist at Argonne National Laboratory, where he collaborated with his mentor and friend, the late Sam Marshall. In addition to PHYSICS FOR SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS, Dr. Serway is the coauthor of PRINCIPLES OF PHYSICS, Fifth Edition; COLLEGE PHYSICS, Ninth Edition; ESSENTIALS OF COLLEGE PHYSICS; MODERN PHYSICS, Third Edition; and the high school textbook PHYSICS, published by Holt McDougal. In addition, Dr. Serway has published more than 40 research papers in the field of condensed matter physics and has given more than 60 presentations at professional meetings. Dr. Serway and his wife Elizabeth enjoy traveling, playing golf, fishing, gardening, singing in the church choir, and especially spending quality time with their four children, nine grandchildren, and a recent great-grandson. Jerry S. Faughn earned his doctorate at the University of Mississippi. He is Professor Emeritus and former Chair of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Eastern Kentucky University. He is coauthor of a nonmathematical physics text; a physical science text for general education students; and (with Dr. Serway) the high school textbook PHYSICS, published by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. He has taught courses ranging from the lower division to the graduate level, but his primary interest is in students just beginning to learn physics. He has been director of a number of NSF and state grants, many of which were devoted to the improvement of physics education. He believes that there is no greater calling than to be a teacher and an interpreter of physics for others.
Table of Contents
Section 1: Mechanics. 1. Introduction. Standards of Length, Mass, and Time. The Building Blocks of Matter. Dimensional Analysis. Significant Figures. Conversion of Units. Order-of-Magnitude Calculations. Mathematical Notation. Coordinate Systems and Frames of Reference. Trigonometry. Problem-Solving Strategy. Summary. 2. Motion in One Dimension. Displacement. Average Velocity. Instantaneous Velocity. Acceleration. Motion Diagrams. One-Dimensional Motion with Constant Acceleration. Freely Falling Objects. Physics in Action: Freely Falling Objects. Summary. 3. Vectors and Two-Dimensional Motion. Vectors and Scalars Revisited. Some Properties of Vectors. Components of a Vector. Velocity and Acceleration in Two Dimensions. Projectile Motion. Relative Velocity. Physics in Action: Parabolic Paths. Summary. 4. The Laws of Motion. The Concept of Force. Newtons First Law. Newtons Second Law. Newtons Third Law. Physics in Action: Forces and Motion. Some Applications of Newtons Laws. Force of Friction. Summary. 5. Work and Energy. Work. Kinetic Energy and the Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem. Potential Energy. Conservative and Non-conservative Forces. Physics in Action: Work and Energy in Sports and Nature. Conservation of Mechanical Energy. Non-conservative Forces and the Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem. Conservation of Energy in General. Power. Summary. 6. Momentum and Collisions. Momentum and Impulse. Conservation of Momentum. Collisions. Glancing Collisions. Physics in Action: A Glancing Collision and Life on Mars. Summary. 7. Circular Motion and the Law of Gravity. Angular Speed and Angular Acceleration. Rotational Motion Under Constant Angular Acceleration. Relations Between Angular and Linear Quantities. Centripetal Acceleration. Forces Causing Centripetal Acceleration. Describing Motion of a Rotating System. Newtons Universal Law of Gravitation. Gravitational Potential Energy Revisited (Optional). Keplers Laws. Physics in Action: Views of the Planets. The Vector Nature of Angular Quantities (Optional). Summary. 8. Rotational Equilibrium and Rotational Dynamics. Torque. Torque and the Second Condition for Equilibrium. The Center of Gravity. Examples of Objects in Equilibrium. Relationship Between Torque and Angular Acceleration. Rotational Kinetic Energy. Angular Momentum. Summary. 9. Solids and Fluids. States of Matter. The Deformation of Solids. Density and Pressure. Variation of Pressure with Depth. Pressure Measurements. Buoyant Forces and Archimedess Principle. Fluids in Motion. Other Applications of Bernoullis Equation. Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity (Optional). Transport Phenomena (Optional). Summary. Biological Perspective: Physics of the Human Circulatory System by William G. Buckman. Section 2: Thermodynamics. 10. Thermal Physics. Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics. Thermometers and Temperature Scales. Thermal Expansion of Solids and Liquids. Macroscopic Description of an Ideal Gas. Avogadros Number and the Ideal Gas Law. The Kinetic Theory of Gases. Summary. 11. Heat. The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat. Specific Heat. Conservation of Energy: Calorimetry. Latent Heat and Phase Changes. Heat Transfer by Conduction. Convection. Radiation. Hindering Heat Transfer. Metabolism and Losing Weight. Application: Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases. Summary. Biological Perspective: Energy Management in the Human Body by David Griffing. 12. The Laws of Thermodynamics. Heat and Internal Energy. Work and Heat. The First Law of Thermodynamics. Heat Engines and The Second Law of Thermodynamics. Reversible and Irreversible Processes. The Carnot Engine. Physics in Action: Devices That Convert Thermal Energy into Other Forms of Energy. Entropy. Entropy and Disorder. Summary. Section 3: Vibrations and Wave Motion. 13. Vibrations and Waves. Hookes Law. Elastic Potential Energy. Velocity as a Function of Position. Comparing Simple Harmonic Motion with Uniform Circular Motion. Position, Velocity, and Acceleration as a Function of Time. Motion of a Pendulum. Damped Oscillations. Wave Motion. Types of Waves. Frequency, Amplitude, and Wavelength. The Speed of Waves on Strings. Superposition and Interference of Waves. Reflection of Waves. Summary. 14. Sound. Producing a Sound Wave. Characteristics of Sound Waves. The Speed of Sound. Energy and Intensity of Sound Waves. Spherical and Plane Waves. The Doppler Effect. Interference of Sound Waves. Standing Waves. Forced Vibrations and Resonance. Standing Waves in Air Columns. Beats. Quality of Sound (Optional). The Ear. Summary. Section 4: Electricity and Magnetism. 15. Electric Forces and Electric Fields. Properties of Electric Charges. Insulators and Conductors. Coulombs Law. The Electric Field. Electric Field Lines. Conductors in Electrostatic Equilibrium. The Millikan Oil-Drop Experiment (Optional). The Van de Graaff Generator (Optional). The Oscilloscope (Optional). Electric Flux and Gausss Law (Optional). Summary. 16. Electrical Energy and Capacitance. Potential Difference and Electric Potential. Electric Potential and Potential Energy Due to Point Charges. Potentials and Charged Conductors. Equipotential Surfaces. Applications. The Definition of Capacitance. The Parallel-Plate Capacitor. Combinations of Capacitors. Energy Stored in a Charged Capacitor. Capacitors with Dielectrics (Optional). Application: DNA and Forensic Science (Optional). Summary. 17. Current and Resistance. Electric Current. Current and Drift Speed. Resistance and Ohms Law. Resistivity. Temperature Variation of Resistance. Superconductors (Optional). Electrical Energy and Power. Voltage Measurements in Medicine (Optional). Summary. 18. Direct Current Circuits. Sources of emf. Resistors in Series. Resistors in Parallel. Kirchhoffs Rules and Complex DC Circuits. RC Circuits (Optional). Household Circuits (Optional). Electrical Safety (Optional). Summary. Biological Perspective: Current in the Nervous System by Paul Davidovits. 19. Magnetism. Magnets. Magnetic Field of the Earth. Magnetic Fields. Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor. Torque on a Current Loop. The Galvanometer and Its Applications. Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field. Magnetic Field of a Long, Straight Wire and Amp eres Law. Magnetic Force Between Two Parallel Conductors. Magnetic Field of a Current Loop. Magnetic Field of a Solenoid. Magnetic Domains (Optional). Physics in Action: The Motion of Charged Particles in Magnetic Fields. Summary. 20. Induced Voltages and Inductance. Induced emf and Magnetic Flux. Faradays Law of Induction. Physics in Action: Demonstrations of Electromagnetic Induction. Motional emf. Lenzs Law Revisited. Generators. Eddy Currents (Optional). Self-Inductance. RL Circuits (Optional). Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field. Summary. 21. Alternating Current Circuits and Electromagnetic Waves. Resistors in an ac Circuit. Capacitors in an ac Circuit. Inductors in an ac Circuit. The RLC Series Circuit. Power in an ac Circuit. Resonance in a Series RLC Circuit. The Transformer (Optional). Maxwells Predictions. Hertzs Discoveries. Production of Electromagnetic Waves by an Antenna. Properties of Electromagnetic Waves. The Spectrum of Electromagnetic Waves. The Doppler Effect for Electromagnetic Waves. Summary. Section 5: Light and Optics. 22. Reflection and Refraction of Light. The Nature of Light. Measurements of the Speed of Light. The Ray Approximation in Geometric Optics. Reflection and Refraction. The Law of Refraction. Dispersion and Prisms. The Rainbow. Huygenss Principle. Total Internal Reflection. Summary. 23. Mirrors and Lenses. Flat Mirrors. Images Formed by Spherical Mirrors. Convex Mirrors and Sign Conventions. Images Formed by Refraction. Atmospheric Refraction (Optional). Thin Lenses. Lens Aberrations. Summary. 24. Wave Optics. Conditions for Interference. Youngs Double-Slit Interference. Change of Phase Due to Reflection. Interference in Thin Films. Physics in Action: Interference. Diffraction. Single-Slit Diffraction. Polarization of Light Waves. Summary. 25. Optical Instruments. The Camera. The Eye. The Simple Magnifier. The Compound Microscope. The Telescope. Resolution of Single-Slit and Circular Apertures. The Michelson Interferometer. The Diffraction Grating. Summary. Section 6: Modern Physics. 26. Relativity. Introduction. The Principle of Relativity. The Speed of Light. The Michelson. Morley Experiment. Einsteins Principle of Relativity. Consequences of Special Relativity. Relativistic Momentum. Relativistic Addition of Velocities. Relativistic Energy. General Relativity (Optional). Summary. 27. Quantum Physics. Blackbody Radiation and Plancks Hypothesis. The Photoelectric Effect. Applications of the Photoelectric Effect. X-Rays. Diffraction of X-Rays by Crystals (Optional). The Compton Effect. Pair Production and Annihilation. Photons and Electromagnetic Waves. The Wave Properties of Particles. The Wave Function. The Uncertainty Principle. The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (Optional). Summary. 28. Atomic Physics. Early Models of the Atom. Atomic Spectra. The Bohr Theory of Hydrogen. Modification of the Bohr Theory. De Broglie Waves and the Hydrogen Atom. Quantum Mechanics and the Hydrogen Atom. The Spin Magnetic Quantum Number. Electron Clouds. The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table. Buckyballs. Characteristic X-Rays. Atomic Transitions. Lasers and Holography. Fluorescence and Phosphorescence. Summary. Essay: Lasers and Their Applications by Isaac D. Abella. 29. Nuclear Physics. Some Properties of Nuclei. Binding Energy. Radioactivity. The Decay Processes. Natural Radioactivity. Nuclear Reactions. Medical Applications of Radiation. Summary. 30. Nuclear Energy and Elementary Particles. Nuclear Fission. Nuclear Reactors. Nuclear Fusion. Elementary Particles. The Fundamental Forces in Nature. Positrons and Other Antiparticles. Mesons and the Beginning of Particle Physics. Classification of Particles. Conservation Laws. Strange Particles and Strangeness. The Eightfold Way. Quarks. Colored Quarks. Electroweak Theory and the Standard Model. The Cosmic Connection. Problems and Perspectives. Summary. Appendix A. Mathematical Review. Appendix B. An Abbreviated Table of Isotopes. Appendix C. Some Useful Tables. Appendix D. SI Units. Answers to Selected Questions and Problems. Index.