Synopses & Reviews
Synopsis
Excerpt from Commercial Innovations From University Faculty: A Study of the Invention and Exploitation of Ideas
As Allen (1966) and Bath, Trueswell and Rubenstein (1966) have shown, however, the flow of information within and between scientific and technical organizations is neither automatic nor strongly facilitated by mechanical means. Particularly within the engineering community, communications are highly dependent on organizational relationships and Social factors. The mere existence of an idea does not therefore guarantee it will receive the attention necessary for development.
Because of this difficulty in transferring ideas an interest in technology transfer and entrepreneurship has currently assumed the status once granted to creativity. These factors have been emphasized in the broad survey studies of Myers (1967) and of Progect Hindsight (sherwin and Isenson, in the management research undertaken by Roberts as well as by practicing business leaders (charpie, These shifts in emphasis may be due to changes in the recognition of the symptoms of ineffectiveness in research and development organizations rather than to any fundamental changes in the process of innovation. Creativity and technology transfer are both relevant to an understanding of R D effectiveness. Innovation the reduction of new ideas to economic form and their introduction to the market involves two very different phases, invention and exploitation (jewkes, Sawers and Stillerman, 1961; Baker, 1966; Mor: an, 1966; Marquis and Gruber.
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