Synopses & Reviews
and#147;This serious, compact survey of the warand#8217;s history stands out as the most well-informed, accessible work available.and#8221; (Los Angeles Times)
Nearly a century has passed since the outbreak of World War I, yet as military historian Hew Strachan argues in this brilliant and authoritative new book, the legacy of the and#147;war to end all warsand#8221; is with us still. The First World War was a truly global conflict from the start, with many of the most decisive battles fought in or directly affecting the Balkans, Africa, and the Ottoman Empire. Even more than World War II, the First World War continues to shape the politics and international relations of our world, especially in hot spots like the Middle East and the Balkans.
Strachan has done a masterful job of reexamining the causes, the major campaigns, and the consequences of the First World War, compressing a lifetime of knowledge into a single definitive volume tailored for the general reader. Written in crisp, compelling prose and enlivened with extraordinarily vivid photographs and detailed maps,and#160;The First World Warand#160;re-creates this world-altering conflict both on and off the battlefieldand#151;the clash of ideologies between the colonial powers at the center of the war, the social and economic unrest that swept Europe both before and after, the military strategies employed with stunning success and tragic failure in the various theaters of war, the terms of peace and why it didnand#8217;t last.
Drawing on material culled from many countries, Strachan offers a fresh, clear-sighted perspective on how the war not only redrew the map of the world but also set in motion the most dangerous conflicts of today. Deeply learned, powerfully written, and soon to be released with a new introduction that commemorates the hundredth anniversary of the outbreak of the war, The First World War remains a landmark of contemporary history.
and#160;
Review
Praise for The First World War:
"This serious, compact survey of the warand#8217;s history stands out as the most well-informed, accessible work available."and#160;
and#8212;Los Angeles Times
"What Strachan offers is history as only the professionals can do it, and rarely enough even then."
and#8212;Adam Gopnik, The New Yorker
"Likely to be the most indispensable one-volume work on the subject since John Keeganand#8217;s First World War."
and#8212;Publishers Weekly
"A brilliant feat."
and#8212;John Keegan
"Quite simply the best short history of the war in print."
and#8212;Dennis Showalter
Review
"This serious, compact survey of the warandrsquo;s history stands out as the most well-informed, accessible work available."andnbsp;andmdash;
Los Angeles Times
"What Strachan offers is history as only the professionals can do it, and rarely enough even then." andmdash;Adam Gopnik, The New Yorker
"Likely to be the most indispensable one-volume work on the subject since John Keeganandrsquo;s First World War." andmdash;Publishers Weekly
"A brilliant feat." andmdash;John Keegan
"Quite simply the best short history of the war in print." andmdash;Dennis Showalter
Review
"An outstanding and fascinating book. By tracking down the last surviving veterans of the First World War and interviewing them with sympathy and skill, Richard Rubin has produced a first-rate work of reporting. Almost a hundred years after the event, he makes that immensely consequential and partly forgotten war as alive as twenty minutes ago." and#8212; Ian Frazier,
New Yorker contributor and author of
Travels in Siberia "Richard Rubin has written the most riveting and astonishing book about World War I that I have read in a decade. No matter what you think about that terrible conflict, this book will lift up your heart, not only about the war but about being an American. It's unique!" and#8212; Thomas Fleming, author of The Illusion of Victory: America in World War I
"From its boffo, page-length first sentence situating the First World War in American memory (and#8216;before the Band-Aid and nylon and the ballpoint pen and sliced breadand#8217;) to its moving concluding portrait of Frank Buckles (1901-2011),and#8217;the last of the lastand#8217; of the doughboys, this book makes irresistible reading. A fusion of reportage, memoir, and history, The Last of the Doughboys is a work of learning, wit, and compassion." and#8212; Jack Beatty, author of The Lost History of 1914
"Richard Rubin has performed an extraordinary feat of World War I sleuthing. He has managed to track down numerous centenarians and#8212; centenarians! and#8212; who fought in the trenches and has skillfully resurrected their memories in a way that brings that now sepia-toned conflict into focus as sharp as a bayonet. Rubin refers to these doughboys as 'the forgotten generation.' Yet he brings them back unforgettably. And his book is addictively readable." and#8212; Joseph E. Persico, author of Roosevelt's Centurions: FDR and the Commanders He Led to Victory in World War II
"Richard Rubin has done something that will never be possible for anyone to do again. His interviews with the last American World War I veterans and#8212; who have all since died and#8212; bring to vivid life a cataclysm that changed our world forever but that remains curiously forgotten here. And his research and battlefield visits help us picture the background to the survivors' stories." and#8212; Adam Hochschild, author of To End All Wars: A Story of Loyalty and Rebellion, 1914-1918
"My namesake was a great-uncle who faked his age and enlisted in the Army as a teenager and#8212; shipping off to France and fighting in World War I, where he was wounded and gassed. I cherish his Purple Heart. And I remember long conversations with him as he thought back on his experiences, by turns horrific and comic. Now, in an extraordinary work that combines oral history and personal reporting, Richard Rubin relates his encounters with the last survivors of that war, centenarians all and#8212;the and#8216;forgotten generation,and#8217; as he calls them. The Last of the Doughboys is a book that puts Rubinand#8217;s trademark style on display: it is deeply researched, shrewdly observed, and warmly humane." and#8212; Cullen Murphy, editor-at-large, Vanity Fair
"Richard Rubin's The Last of the Doughboys is more than just a collection of memories. It is a moving tribute and#8212; a final salute and#8212; to a generation of men who gave their all to win the war that would, they hoped, end all wars. This intimately written book will stand at the forefront of World War I literature for many years to come." and#8212; Edward G. Lengel, author of To Conquer Hell: The Meuse-Argonne, 1918
"Richard Rubin's vivid and lively interviews with the last surviving veterans of World War I have preserved the voices and memories of the men who fought the nation's first modern war. It is an important contribution to history, an act of historical justice to soldiers whose achievements and sufferings are seldom remembered, and a fascinating view of history through the eyes of those that made it." and#8212; Richard Slotkin, author of Lost Battalions: The Great War and the Crisis of American Nationality
"Richard Rubin's brilliant The Last of the Doughboys is a living, breathing monument to an almost criminally unsung generation of American heroes and#8212; and a vivid and richly detailed portrayal of their era and their war. Beautifully and knowledgably written, the book ensures that the doughboys' achievements on the battlefields of World War I, as well as at home, will never again be forgotten." and#8212; James Carl Nelson, author of The Remains of Company D: A Story of the Great War and Five Lieutenants
"The Last of the Doughboys is a fascinating account of the American experience of World War I and the astonishing power of memory: oral memory, literary memory, and the collective memory of monuments and cemeteries. Actually, it is not the Korean War but World War I that is truly the forgotten war in American culture, but Richard Rubin brings it to life, etched with great narrative richness." and#8212; Gerald Early, Merle Kling Professor of Modern Letters, Washington University in St. Louis
"A wonderfully engaging study executed with a lot of heart." and#8212; Kirkus Reviews, starred review
"Affecting . . . Give[s] fresh texture to whatand#8217;s already known. Rubin is skillful in his interviewing, remorseless in his efforts to chase down his subjects, thoughtful of their age. . . He has brought them back to life. His book is a fitting epitaph to brave men too often overlooked." and#8212; Publishers Weekly
"Fascinating and deeply moving . . . An important and masterful tribute to those who participated in a conflict that continues to shape the world today." and#8212; Booklist
"A brilliant and unexpected delight . . . Clever, engrossing, moving, and richly detailed . . . Rubin is a sensitive and terrific interviewer, a good listener, with a faultless eye and ear for detailand#8230; not only a good writer and born raconteur, with a gift for telling the reader things that are unexpected and fascinatingand#8212;American songs in World War I, women who joined the United States Navy in World War I, the sad fate of African-American soldiersand#8212;but one with a dogged determination . . . What Richard Rubin has done is remarkable--his book is at once a cultural history of a vanished America, simpler, more rural, less driven by technology and science, poorer, but infinitely more and#8220;neighborly,and#8221; in the best sense of the word, a military history of the best kind, and a chance to meet a truly fascinating group of people, I liked every one of them, and counted myself lucky that Richard Rubin has achieved the most difficult of feats, to find a new and different way of writing about World War I (which I would have thought almost impossible) and to have brought to vivid life a group of truly forgotten people, who once did something memorable, then slipped through the cracks into a long anonymity from which they might never have emerged.I cannot remember a book about that huge and terrible war that I have enjoyed reading more in many years." and#8212;Michael Korda, The Daily Beast
"A charming, passionate and peronal paean . . . Awash in interestingand#8212;and poignantand#8212;stories." and#8212; Minneapolis Star-Tribune
"Engaging . . . memorable . . . The book succeeds by creating degrees of connection, even as it reshapes our consciousness." and#8212; The Boston Globe
and#160;
Review
Praise for
The Deluge and#160;
and#8220;Bold and ambitious... The Deluge is the work of a fine historian at the peak of his powers, formidable in its range and command of the material, written in strong, muscular prose.... The best of the current deluge of books about the first world war.and#8221;
and#8212;Ben Shephard, The Observer (UK)
and#160;
and#8220;An utterly hynotic history of Europeand#8217;s fragile interwar peace.... What Tooze has doneand#8212;a huge, formidable achievementand#8212;is to reconstruct a vast global web, and to show how the slightest vibrations on its threads had consequences everywhere, almost regardless of individual fears and hates or venomous ideologies. The breadth of his scholarship also frighteningly illuminates the fragility of peace.and#8221;
and#8212;The Telegraph (UK)
and#160;
and#8220;[Toozeand#8217;s] new book confirms his stature as an analyst of hugely complex political and economic issuesand#8230;.and#160;Here, as in his earlier work, Tooze shows himself a formidably impressive chronicler of a critical period of modern history, unafraid of bold judgments.and#8221;
and#8212;Max Hastings, The Sunday Times (UK)
and#160;
and#8220;Toozeand#8217;s book is an invaluable account of why the US and its allies, having defeated Germany in 1918, were unable thereafter to stabilise the world economy and build a collective security system.and#8221;
and#8212;The Financial Times
and#160;
and#8220;Amid all the current commemorative news, a clear and compelling rationale as to why it is actually worth going back and looking at the era of the First World War at this particular moment in time.and#8221;
and#8212;Neil Gregor, Literary Reviewand#160;
Review
Praise for
The Deluge
and#8220;In the centennial of WWI, Toozeand#8217;s work affords a reminder of that conflictand#8217;s immense impact on world
history. Abundant facts and figures stud his account of the postwar crises up to the end point of 1931, when President Herbert Hoover suspended debt and reparations repayments. Whatever that actionand#8217;s merits, it illustrated the ability of the U.S. to act unilaterally. With this new power-factor as his theme, Toozeand#8217;s analysis, particularly of fears the American capitalist juggernaut provoked, should spark debate, especially in scholarly circles.and#8221;and#8212;Booklist
and#160;
and#8220;A thoroughly researched, much-needed reexamination of Americaand#8217;s role in the aftermath of World War I that will appeal to any reader interested in the interwar period.and#8221;and#8212; Library Journal
and#160;
and#8220;In this landmark study, Tooze offers an elegant account of the reordering of great-power relations that took place after World War I, at the dawn of and#8216;the American century.and#8217; He shows how in the period between the war and the onset of the Great Depression, the United States exercised its power in and#8216;peculiarand#8217; ways, operating indirectly and focusing less on the military force. Tooze draws a parallel between post-World War I period and the and#8216;unipolar momentand#8217; that followed the Soviet collapse near the end of the twentieth century. In both cases, U.S. leaders embraced an exceptionalist view of their countryand#8217;s role in the world and sought to overturn a pluralistic world order based on the balance of power.and#8221;and#8212; Foreign Affairs
and#160;
and#8220;Bold and ambitious... The Deluge is the work of a fine historian at the peak of his powers, formidable in its range and command of the material, written in strong, muscular prose.... The best of the current deluge of books about the first world war.and#8221;
and#8212;Ben Shephard, The Observer (UK)
and#160;
and#8220;An utterly hynotic history of Europeand#8217;s fragile interwar peace.... What Tooze has doneand#8212;a huge, formidable achievementand#8212;is to reconstruct a vast global web, and to show how the slightest vibrations on its threads had consequences everywhere, almost regardless of individual fears and hates or venomous ideologies. The breadth of his scholarship also frighteningly illuminates the fragility of peace.and#8221;
and#8212;The Telegraph (UK)
and#160;
and#8220;[Toozeand#8217;s] new book confirms his stature as an analyst of hugely complex political and economic issuesand#8230;.and#160;Here, as in his earlier work, Tooze shows himself a formidably impressive chronicler of a critical period of modern history, unafraid of bold judgments.and#8221;
and#8212;Max Hastings, The Sunday Times (UK)
and#160;
and#8220;Toozeand#8217;s book is an invaluable account of why the US and its allies, having defeated Germany in 1918, were unable thereafter to stabilise the world economy and build a collective security system.and#8221;
and#8212;The Financial Times
and#160;
and#8220;Amid all the current commemorative news, a clear and compelling rationale as to why it is actually worth going back and looking at the era of the First World War at this particular moment in time.and#8221;
and#8212;Neil Gregor, Literary Reviewand#160;
Review
and#8220;For anyone seeking to understand how American predominance was achieved in the years after World War I, and why it catastrophically failed to keep the hard-won peace, Adam Tooze has written an essential book. Epic in scope, boldly argumentative, deftly interweaving military and economic narratives,
The Deluge is a splendid interpretive history.and#8221;
and#160;and#8212;The New York Times Book Review
and#160;
and#8220;Mr. Tooze devotes most of his space to the war and immediate postwar adjustments and then moves briskly to the onset of the Great Depression. Within that framework, he seeks to elaborate an integrated planetary history. Trained in economics as well as history, he illuminates the interconnections between politics and finance. His geographical purview seems limitless.and#8221;
and#8212;The Wall Street Journal
and#160;
and#8220;Toozeand#8217;s analysis, particularly of fears the American capitalist juggernaut provoked, should spark debate, especially in scholarly circles.and#8221;
and#8212;Booklist
and#160;
and#8220;A thoroughly researched, much-needed reexamination of Americaand#8217;s role in the aftermath of World War I that will appeal to any reader interested in the interwar period.and#8221;
and#8212; Library Journal
and#160;
and#8220;In this landmark study, Tooze offers an elegant account of the reordering of great-power relations that took place after World War I, at the dawn of and#8216;the American century.and#8217;and#8221;
and#8212; Foreign Affairs
and#160;
and#8220;Utterly hypnotic.... What Adam Tooze has doneand#8212;a huge, formidable achievementand#8212;is to reconstruct a vast global web, and to show how the slightest vibrations on its threads had consequences everywhere, almost regardless of individual fears and hates or venomous ideologies. The breadth of his scholarship also frighteningly illuminates the fragility of peace.and#8221; and#8212; The Telegraph
and#160;
and#8220;A genuinely global revision of the conventional view of the 1920s, one which shows how weak the enemies of this new pax Americana really were and how wide its base of support wasand#8230;. Toozeand#8217;s brilliant account also offers much food for thought for any observer of the current international scene.and#8221;
and#8212; The Guardian
and#160;
and#8220;Bold and ambitious... The Deluge is the work of a fine historian at the peak of his powers, formidable in its range and command of the material, written in strong, muscular prose.... The best of the current deluge of books about the first world war.and#8221;
and#8212;Ben Shephard, The Observer (UK)
and#160;
and#8220;[Toozeand#8217;s] new book confirms his stature as an analyst of hugely complex political and economic issuesand#8230;.and#160;Here, as in his earlier work, Tooze shows himself a formidably impressive chronicler of a critical period of modern history, unafraid of bold judgments.and#8221;and#8212;Max Hastings, The Sunday Times (UK)
and#160;
and#8220;Toozeand#8217;s book is an invaluable account of why the US and its allies, having defeated Germany in 1918, were unable thereafter to stabilise the world economy and build a collective security system.and#8221;and#8212;The Financial Times
and#160;
and#8220;Amid all the current commemorative news, a clear and compelling rationale as to why it is actually worth going back and looking at the era of the First World War at this particular moment in time.and#8221;and#8212;Neil Gregor, Literary Review
Synopsis
This serious, compact survey of the war s history stands out as the most well-informed, accessible work available. (Los Angeles Times)
Nearly a century has passed since the outbreak of World War I, yet as military historian Hew Strachan (winner of the2016 Pritzker Literature Award)argues in this brilliant and authoritative new book, the legacy of the war to end all wars is with us still. The First World War was a truly global conflict from the start, with many of the most decisive battles fought in or directly affecting the Balkans, Africa, and the Ottoman Empire. Even more than World War II, the First World War continues to shape the politics and international relations of our world, especially in hot spots like the Middle East and the Balkans.
Strachan has done a masterful job of reexamining the causes, the major campaigns, and the consequences of the First World War, compressing a lifetime of knowledge into a single definitive volume tailored for the general reader. Written in crisp, compelling prose and enlivened with extraordinarily vivid photographs and detailed maps, The First World Warre-creates this world-altering conflict both on and off the battlefield the clash of ideologies between the colonial powers at the center of the war, the social and economic unrest that swept Europe both before and after, the military strategies employed with stunning success and tragic failure in the various theaters of war, the terms of peace and why it didn t last.
Drawing on material culled from many countries, Strachan offers a fresh, clear-sighted perspective on how the war not only redrew the map of the world but also set in motion the most dangerous conflicts of today. Deeply learned, powerfully written, and soon to be released with a new introduction that commemorates the hundredth anniversary of the outbreak of the war, The First World War remains a landmark of contemporary history."
Synopsis
It will soon be close to a century since the outbreak of the First World War, yet as military historian Hew Strachan argues in this brilliant and authoritative one-volume history, the legacy of the war to end all wars is with us still. Written in crisp, compelling prose and enlivened with vivid photographsincluding early color photographsThe First World War re-creates this world-altering conflict both on and off the battlefield. Strachan offers a fresh and truly global perspective on how the Great War not only redrew the map of the world but also set in motion the most dangerous conflicts of today, especially in such hot spots as the Middle East and the Balkans. Deeply learned and powerfully written, The First World War is a landmark work of contemporary history.
Synopsis
For the past decade, Richard Rubin sought every last living American veteran of World War Iand#8212;and uncovered a forgotten great generation, and their war.
Synopsis
and#8220;Richard Rubin has done something that will never be possible for anyone to do again. His interviews with the last American World War I veteransand#8212;who have all since diedand#8212;bring to vivid life a cataclysm that changed our world forever but that remains curiously forgotten here.and#8221;and#8212;Adam Hochschild, author of
To End All Wars: A Story of Loyalty and Rebellion, 1914and#8211;1918In 2003, 85 years after the end of World War I, Richard Rubin set out to see if he could still find and talk to someone who had actually served in the American Expeditionary Forces during that colossal conflict. Ultimately, he found dozens, aged 101 to 113, from Cape Cod to Carson City, who shared with him at the last possible moment their stories of Americaand#8217;s Great War. Nineteenth-century men and women living in the twenty-first century, they were self-reliant, humble, and stoic, never complaining, but still marveling at the immensity of the war they helped win, and the complexity of the world they helped create. Though America has largely forgotten their war, you will never forget them, or their stories. A decade in the making, The Last of the Doughboys is the most sweeping look at Americaand#8217;s First World War in a generation, a glorious reminder of the tremendously important role America played in the war to end all wars, as well as a moving meditation on character, grace, aging, and memory.
and#8220;An outstanding and fascinating book. By tracking down the last surviving veterans of the First World War and interviewing them with sympathy and skill, Richard Rubin has produced a first-rate work of reporting.and#8221;and#8212;Ian Frazier, author of Travels in Siberia
and#8220;I cannot remember a book about that huge and terrible war that I have enjoyed reading more in many years."and#8212;Michael Korda, The Daily Beast
Synopsis
A searing and highly original analysis of the First World War and its anguished aftermath
In the depths of the Great War, with millions dead and no imaginable end to the conflict, societies around the world began to buckle. The heart of the financial system
shifted from London to New York. The infinite demands for men and matand#233;riel reached into countries far from the front. The strain of the war ravaged all economic
and political assumptions, bringing unheard-of changes in the social and industrial
order.
A century after the outbreak of fighting, Adam Tooze revisits this seismic moment in history, challenging the existing narrative of the war, its peace, and its aftereffects. From the day the United States enters the war in 1917 to the precipice of global financial ruin, Tooze delineates the world remade by American economic and military power.
Tracing the ways in which countries came to terms with Americaand#8217;s centralityand#151;including the slide into fascismand#151;The Deluge is a chilling work of great originality
that will fundamentally change how we view the legacy of World War I.
Synopsis
In 2003, 85 years after the armistice, it took Richard Rubin months to find just one living American veteran of World War I. But then, he found another. And another. Eventually he managed to find dozens, aged 101 to 113, and interview them. All are gone now.
A decade-long odyssey to recover the story of a forgotten generation and their Great War led Rubin across the United States and France, through archives, private collections, and battlefields, literature, propaganda, and even music. But at the center of it all were the last of the last, the men and women he met: a new immigrant, drafted and sent to France, whose life was saved by a horse; a Connecticut Yankee who volunteered and fought in every major American battle; a Cajun artilleryman nearly killed by a German aeroplane; an 18-year-old Bronx girl andldquo;draftedandrdquo; to work for the War Department; a machine-gunner from Montana; a Marine wounded at Belleau Wood; the 16-year-old who became Americaandrsquo;s last WWI veteran; and many, many more.
They were the final survivors of the millions who made up the American Expeditionary Forces, nineteenth-century men and women living in the twenty-first century. Self-reliant, humble, and stoic, they kept their stories to themselves for a lifetime, then shared them at the last possible moment, so that they, and the World War they won andndash; the trauma that created our modern world andndash; might at last be remembered. You will never forget them. The Last of the Doughboys is more than simply a war story: It is a moving meditation on character, grace, aging, and memory.
Synopsis
and#147;This serious, compact survey of the warand#8217;s history stands out as the most well-informed, accessible work available.and#8221; (Los Angeles Times)
Nearly a century has passed since the outbreak of World War I, yet as military historian Hew Strachan argues in this brilliant and authoritative new book, the legacy of the and#147;war to end all warsand#8221; is with us still. The First World War was a truly global conflict from the start, with many of the most decisive battles fought in or directly affecting the Balkans, Africa, and the Ottoman Empire. Even more than World War II, the First World War continues to shape the politics and international relations of our world, especially in hot spots like the Middle East and the Balkans.
Strachan has done a masterful job of reexamining the causes, the major campaigns, and the consequences of the First World War, compressing a lifetime of knowledge into a single definitive volume tailored for the general reader. Written in crisp, compelling prose and enlivened with extraordinarily vivid photographs and detailed maps,and#160;The First World Warand#160;re-creates this world-altering conflict both on and off the battlefieldand#151;the clash of ideologies between the colonial powers at the center of the war, the social and economic unrest that swept Europe both before and after, the military strategies employed with stunning success and tragic failure in the various theaters of war, the terms of peace and why it didnand#8217;t last.
Drawing on material culled from many countries, Strachan offers a fresh, clear-sighted perspective on how the war not only redrew the map of the world but also set in motion the most dangerous conflicts of today. Deeply learned, powerfully written, and soon to be released with a new introduction that commemorates the hundredth anniversary of the outbreak of the war, The First World War remains a landmark of contemporary history.
and#160;
About the Author
Hew Strachan is the Chichele Professor of the History of War and a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford University. The editor of The Oxford History of the First World War, he is writing a three-volume history of the First World War, the first volume of which was published in 2001 to wide acclaim.
Table of Contents
Prologue: No Manand#8217;s Landand#8195;ix
1.and#160;and#160; Wolves on the Battlefieldand#8195;1
2.and#160;and#160; Over the Topand#8195;15
3.and#160;and#160; The American Sectorand#8195;35
4.and#160;and#160; Cheer and Laughter and Joyous Shoutand#8195;72
5.and#160;and#160; The People Behind the Battleand#8195;94
6.and#160;and#160; The Forgotten Generationand#8195;111
7.and#160;and#160; Give a Little Credit to the Navyand#8195;123
8.and#160;and#160; A Vast Enterprise in Salesmanshipand#8195;142
9.and#160;and#160; Hell, We Just Got Hereand#8195;165
10.and#160;and#160; We Didnand#8217;t See a Thingand#8195;188
11.and#160;and#160; Loyal, True, Straight and Squareand#8195;216
12.and#160;and#160; Old Dixieland in Franceand#8195;243
13.and#160;and#160; Land#8217;Ossuaireand#8195;285
14.and#160;and#160; A Wicked Gun, That Machine Gunand#8195;312
15.and#160;and#160; Wasnand#8217;t a Lot of Helpand#8195;346
16.and#160;and#160; The Last Night of the Warand#8195;389
17.and#160;and#160; The Last of the Lastand#8195;424
18.and#160;and#160; We Are All Missing You Very Muchand#8195;465
Acknowledgments 477
Bibliography 479
Index 481