Learning the fundamentals of chemistry can be a difficult task to undertake for health professionals. For over 35 years, this text has helped them master the chemistry skills they need to succeed. It provides them with clear and logical explanations of chemical concepts and problem solving. They’ll learn how to apply concepts with the help of worked out examples. In addition, Chemistry in Action features and conceptual questions checks brings together the understanding of chemistry and relates chemistry to things health professionals experience on a regular basis.
1 An Introduction to Chemistry 1.1 The Nature of Chemistry
1.2 A Scientific Approach to Problem Solving
1.3 The Particulate Nature of Matter
1.4 Classifying Matter
Review
Review Questions
Paired Exercises, Additional Exercises
Answers to Practice Exercises
2 Standards for Measurement
2.1 Scientific Notation
2.2 Measurement and Uncertainty
2.3 Significant Figures
2.4 Significant Figures in Calculations
2.5 The Metric System
2.6 Dimensional Analysis: A Problem-2.7 Measurement of Temperature
2.8 Density
Review
Review Questions
Paired Exercises
Additional Exercises
Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises
3 Elements and Compounds
3.1 Elements
3.2 Introduction to the Periodic Table
3.3 Compounds and Formulas
Review
Review Questions
Paired Exercises
Additional Exercises
Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises
4 Properties of Matter
4.1 Properties of Substances
4.2 Physical and Chemical Changes
4.3 Learning to Solve Problems
4.4 Energy
4.5 Heat: Quantitative Measurement
4.6 Energy in the Real World
Review
Review Questions
Paired Exercises
Additional Exercises
Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises
5 Early Atomic Theory and Structure
5.1 Dalton’s Model of the Atom
5.2 Electric Charge
5.3 Subatomic Parts of the Atom
5.4 The Nuclear Atom
5.5 Isotopes of the Elements
5.6 Atomic Mass
Review
Review Questions
Paired Exercises
Additional Exercises
Challenge Exercise, Answers to Practice Exercises
6 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds
6.1 Common and Systematic Names
6.2 Elements and Ions
6.3 Writing Formulas from Names of Ionic Compounds
6.4 Naming Binary Compounds
6.5 Naming Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions
6.6 Acids
Review
Review Questions
Paired Exercises
Additional Exercises
Challenge Exercise, Answers to Practice Exercises
7 Quantitative Composition of Compounds
7.1 The Mole
7.2 Molar Mass of Compounds
7.3 Percent Composition of Compounds
7.4 Calculating Empirical Formulas
7.5 Calculating the Molecular Formula from the Empirical Formula
Review
Review Questions, Paired Exercises
Additional Exercises
Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises
8 Chemical Equations
8.1 The Chemical Equation
8.2 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
8.3 Types of Chemical Equations
8.4 Heat in Chemical Reactions
8.5 Global Warming: The Greenhouse Effect
Review
Review Questions, Paired Exercises
Additional Exercises
Challenge Exercise, Answers to Practice Exercises
9 Calculations from Chemical Equations
9.1 Introduction to Stoichiometry
9.2 Mole–Mole Calculations
9.3 Mole–Mass Calculations
9.4 Mass–Mass Calculations
9.5 Limiting Reactant and Yield Calculations
Review
Review Questions, Paired Exercises
Additional Exercises
Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises
10 Modern Atomic Theory and the Periodic Table
10.1 Electromagnetic Radiation
10.2 The Bohr Atom
10.3 Energy Levels of Electrons
10.4 Atomic Structures of the First 18 Elements
10.5 Electron Structures and the Periodic Table
Review
Review Questions
Paired Exercises
Additional Exercises
Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises
11 Chemical Bonds: The Formation of Compounds from Atoms
11.1 Periodic Trends in Atomic Properties
11.2 Lewis Structures of Atoms
11.3 The Ionic Bond: Transfer of Electrons from One Atom to Another
11.4 Predicting Formulas of Ionic Compounds
11.5 The Covalent Bond: Sharing Electrons
11.6 Electronegativity
11.7 Lewis Structures of Compounds
11.8 Complex Lewis Structures
11.9 Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions
11.10 Molecular Shape
Review
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Paired Exercises
Additional Exercises
Challenge Exercises
Answers to Practice Exercises
12 The Gaseous State of Matter
12.1 Properties of Gases
12.2 Boyle’s Law
12.3 Charles’ Law
12.4 Avogadro’s Law
12.5 Combined Gas Laws
12.6 Ideal Gas Law
12.7 Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures
12.8 Density of Gases
12.9 Gas Stoichiometry
Review
Review Questions
Paired Exercises
Additional Exercises
Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises
13 Liquids
13.1 States of Matter: A Review
13.2 Properties of Liquids
13.3 Boiling Point and Melting Point
13.4 Changes of State
13.5 Intermolecular Forces
13.6 Hydrates
13.7 Water, a Unique Liquid
Review
Review Questions
Paired Exercises
Additional Exercises
Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises
14 Solutions
14.1 General Properties of Solutions
14.2 Solubility
14.3 Rate of Dissolving Solids
14.4 Concentration of Solutions
14.5 Colligative Properties of Solutions
14.6 Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure
Review
Review Questions
Paired Exercises
Additional Exercises
Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises
15 Acids, Bases, and Salts
15.1 Acids and Bases
15.2 Reactions of Acids and Bases
15.3 Salts
15.4 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes
15.5 Introduction to pH
15.6 Neutralization
15.7 Writing Net Ionic Equations
15.8 Acid Rain
Review
Review Questions, Paired Exercises
Additional Exercises
Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises
16 Chemical Equilibrium
16.1 Rates of Reaction
16.2 Chemical Equilibrium
16.3 Le Châtelier’s Principle
16.4 Equilibrium Constants
16.5 Ion Product Constant for Water
16.6 Ionization Constants
16.7 Solubility Product Constant
16.8 Buffer Solutions: The Control of pH
Review
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Paired Exercises
Additional Exercises
Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises
17 Oxidation–Reduction
17.1 Oxidation Number
17.2 Balancing Oxidation–Reduction Equations
17.3 Balancing Ionic Redox Equations
17.4 Activity Series of Metals
17.5 Electrolytic and Voltaic Cells
Review
Review Questions
Paired Exercises
Additional Exercises
Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises
18 Nuclear Chemistry
18.1 Discovery of Radioactivity
18.2 Alpha Particles, Beta Particles, and Gamma Rays
18.3 Radioactive Disintegration Series
18.4 Measurement of Radioactivity
18.5 Nuclear energy
18.6 Mass–Energy Relationship in Nuclear Reactions
18.7 Biological Effects of Radiation
A Window into Living Organisms
Review
Review Questions
Paired Exercises
Additional Exercises
Challenge Exercises, Answers to Practice Exercises
19 Introduction to Organic Chemistry
19.1 The Beginnings of Organic Chemistry
19.2 Why Carbon?
19.3 Alkanes
19.4 Alkenes and Alkynes
19.5 Aromatic Hydrocarbons
19.6 Hydrocarbon Derivatives
19.7 Alcohols
19.8 Ethers
19.9 Aldehydes and Ketones
19.10 Carboxylic Acids
19.11 Esters
19.12 Polymers—Macromolecules
20 Introduction to Biochemistry
20.1 Chemistry in Living Organisms
20.2 Carbohydrates
20.3 Lipids
20.4 Amino Acids and Proteins
20.5 Enzymes
20.6 Nucleic Acids, DNA, and Genetics
Review
Review Questions and Exercises
Answers to Practice Exercises
C H A P T E R S 18–20 REVIEW
APPENDICES
I. Mathematical and Review A-1
II. Using a Scientific Calculator A-10
III. Units of Measurement A-14
IV. Vapor Pressure of Water at Various
Temperatures A-15
V. Solubility Table A-16
VI. Answers to Selected Exercises A-17
VII. Answers to Putting It Together Review
Exercises A-33
GLOSSARY G-1
INDEX I-1