This indispensable reference goes beyond explaining the basics of mechanics, strength of materials, and materials properties by showing readers how to apply these fundamentals to specific machine components. They'll learn how to solve mechanical component design problems while reviewing numerous examples and working on end-of-chapter problems. With the help of graphical procedures, they'll also gain the skills needed to visualize the solution format, develop added insight about the significance of the results, and determine how the design can be improved.
PART 1. FUNDAMENTALS.Chapter 1. Mechanical Engineering Design in Broad Perspective.
1.1An Overview of the Subject.
1.2Safety Considerations.
1.3Ecological Considerations.
1.4Societal Considerations.
1.5Overall Design Considerations.
1.6Systems of Units.
1.7Methodology for Solving Machine Component Problems.
1.8Work and Energy.
1.9Power.
1.10Conservation of Energy.
Chapter 2. Load Analysis.
2.1Introduction.
2.2Equilibrium Equations and Free-Body Diagrams.
2.3Beam Loading.
2.4Locating Critical Sections—Force Flow Concept.
2.5Load Division Between Redundant Supports.
2.6Force Flow Concept Applied to Redundant Ductile Structures.
Chapter 3. Materials.
3.1Introduction.
3.2The Static Tensile Test—”Engineering” Stress–Strain Relationships.
3.3Implications of the “Engineering” Stress–Strain Curve.
3.4The Static Tensile Test—”True” Stress–Strain Relationships.
3.5Energy-Absorbing Capacity.
3.6Estimating Strength Properties from Penetration Hardness Tests.
3.7Use of “Handbook” Data for Material Strength Properties.
3.8Machinability.
3.9Cast Iron.
3.10Steel.
3.11Nonferrous Alloys.
3.12Plastics.
3.13Material Selection Charts.
3.14Engineering Material Selection Process.
Chapter 4. Static Body Stresses.
4.1Introduction.
4.2Axial Loading.
4.3Direct Shear Loading.
4.4Torsional Loading.
4.5Pure Bending Loading, Straight Beams.
4.6Pure Bending Loading, Curved Beams.
4.7Transverse Shear Loading in Beams.
4.8Induced Stresses, Mohr Circle Representation.
4.9Combined Stresses—Mohr Circle Representation.
4.10Stress Equations Related to Mohr’s Circle.
4.11Three-Dimensional Stresses.
4.12Stress Concentration Factor, Kt.
4.13Importance of Stress Concentration.
4.14Residual Stresses Caused by Yielding—Axial Loading.
4.15Residual Stresses Caused by Yielding—Bending and Torsional Loading.
4.16Thermal Stresses.
4.17Importance of Residual Stresses.
Chapter 5. Elastic Strain, Deflection, and Stability.
5.1Introduction.
5.2Strain Definition, Measurement, and Mohr Circle Representation.
5.3Analysis of Strain—Equiangular Rosettes.
5.4Analysis of Strain—Rectangular Rosettes.
5.5Elastic Stress–Strain Relationships and Three-Dimensional Mohr Circles.
5.6Deflection and Spring Rate—Simple Cases.
5.7Beam Deflection.
5.8Determining Elastic Deflections by Castigliano’s Method.
5.9Redundant Reactions by Castigliano’s Method.
5.10Euler Column Buckling—Elastic Instability.
5.11Effective Column Length for Various End Conditions.
5.12Column Design Equations—J. B. Johnson Parabola.
5.13Eccentric Column Loading—the Secant Formula.
5.14Equivalent Column Stresses.
5.15Other Types of Buckling.
5.16Finite Element Analysis.
Chapter 6. Failure Theories, Safety Factors, and Reliability.
6.1Introduction.
6.2Types of Failure.
6.3Fracture Mechanics—Basic Concepts.
6.4Fracture Mechanics—Applications.
6.5The “Theory” of Static Failure Theories.
6.6Maximum-Normal-Stress Theory.
6.7Maximum-Shear-Stress Theory.
6.8Maximum-Distortion-Energy Theory (Maximum-Octahedral-Shear-Stress Theory)
6.9Modified Mohr Theory.
6.10Selection and Use of Failure Theories.
6.11Safety Factors—Concept and Definition.
6.12Safety Factors—Selection of a Numerical Value.
6.13Reliability.
6.14Normal Distributions.
6.15Interference Theory of Reliability Prediction.
Chapter 7. Impact.
7.1Introduction.
7.2Stress and Deflection Caused by Linear and Bending Impact.
7.3Stress and Deflection Caused by Torsional Impact.
7.4Effect of Stress Raisers on Impact Strength.
Chapter 8. Fatigue.
8.1Introduction.
8.2Basic Concepts.
8.3Standard Fatigue Strengths ( ) for Rotating Bending.
8.4Fatigue Strengths for Reversed Bending and Reversed Axial Loading.
8.5Fatigue Strength for Reversed Torsional Loading.
8.6Fatigue Strength for Reversed Biaxial Loading.
8.7Influence of Surface and Size on Fatigue Strength.
8.8Summary of Estimated Fatigue Strengths for Completely Reversed Loading.
8.9Effect of Mean Stress on Fatigue Strength.
8.10Effect of Stress Concentration with Completely Reversed Fatigue Loading.
8.11Effect of Stress Concentration with Mean Plus Alternating Loads.
8.12Fatigue Life Prediction with Randomly Varying Loads.
8.13Effect of Surface Treatments on the Fatigue Strength of a Part.
8.14Mechanical Surface Treatments—Shot Peening and Others.
8.15Thermal and Chemical Surface-Hardening Treatments (Induction Hardening, Carburizing, and Others).
8.16Fatigue Crack Growth.
8.17General Approach for Fatigue Design.
Chapter 9. Surface Damage.
9.1Introduction.
9.2Corrosion: Fundamentals.
9.3Corrosion: Electrode and Electrolyte Heterogeneity.
9.4Design for Corrosion Control.
9.5Corrosion Plus Static Stress,.
9.6Corrosion Plus Cyclic Stress.
9.7Cavitation Damage.
9.8Types of Wear.
9.9Adhesive Wear.
9.10Abrasive Wear.
9.11Fretting.
9.12Analytical Approach to Wear.
9.13Curved-Surface Contact Stresses.
9.14Surface Fatigue Failures.
9.15Closure.
PART 2. APPLICATIONS.
Chapter 10. Threaded Fasteners and Power Screws.
10.1Introduction.
10.2Thread Forms, Terminology, and Standards.
10.3Power Screws.
10.4Static Screw Stresses.
10.5Threaded Fastener Types.
10.6Fastener Materials and Methods of Manufacture.
10.7Bolt Tightening and Initial Tension.
10.8Thread Loosening and Thread Locking.
10.9Bolt Tension with External Joint-Separating Force.
10.10Bolt (or Screw) Selection for Static Loading.
10.11Bolt (or Screw) Selection for Fatigue Loading: Fundamentals.
10.12Bolt (or Screw) Selection for Fatigue Loading: Using Special Test Data.
10.13Increasing Bolted-Joint Fatigue Strength.
Chapter 11. Rivets, Welding, and Bonding.
11.1Introduction.
11.2Rivets.
11.3Welding Processes.
11.4Welded Joints Subjected to Static Axial and Direct Shear Loading.
11.5Welded Joints Subjected to Static Torsional and Bending Loading.
11.6Fatigue Considerations in Welded Joints.
11.7Brazing and Soldering.
11.8Adhesives.
Chapter 12. Springs.
12.1Introduction.
12.2Torsion Bar Springs.
12.3Coil Spring Stress and Deflection Equations.
12.4Stress and Strength Analysis for Helical Compression Springs—Static Loading.
12.5End Designs of Helical Compression Springs.
12.6Buckling Analysis of Helical Compression Springs.
12.7Design Procedure for Helical Compression Springs—Static Loading.
12.8Design of Helical Compression Springs for Fatigue Loading.
12.9Helical Extension Springs.
12.10Beam Springs (Including Leaf Springs).
12.11Torsion Springs.
12.12Miscellaneous Springs.
Chapter 13. Lubrication and Sliding Bearings.
13.1Types of Lubricants.
13.2Types of Sliding Bearings.
13.3Types of Lubrication.
13.4Basic Concepts of Hydrodynamic Lubrication.
13.5Viscosity.
13.6Temperature and Pressure Effects on Viscosity.
13.7Petroff’s Equation for Bearing Friction.
13.8Hydrodynamic Lubrication Theory.
13.9Design Charts for Hydrodynamic Bearings.
13.10Lubricant Supply.
13.11Heat Dissipation, and Equilibrium Oil Film Temperature.
13.12Bearing Materials.
13.13Hydrodynamic Bearing Design.
13.14Boundary and Mixed-Film Lubrication.
13.15Thrust Bearings.
13.16Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication.
Chapter 14. Rolling-Element Bearings.
14.1Comparison of Alternative Means for Supporting Rotating Shafts.
14.2History of Rolling-Element Bearings.
14.3Rolling-Element Bearing Types.
14.4Design of Rolling-Element Bearings.
14.5Fitting of Rolling-Element Bearings.
14.6“Catalogue Information” for Rolling-Element Bearings.
14.7Bearing Selection.
14.8Mounting Bearings to Provide Properly for Thrust Load.
Chapter 15. Spur Gears.
15.1Introduction and History.
15.2Geometry and Nomenclature.
15.3Interference and Contact Ratio.
15.4Gear Force Analysis.
15.5Gear-Tooth Strength.
15.6Basic Analysis of Gear-Tooth-Bending Stress (Lewis Equation).
15.7Refined Analysis of Gear-Tooth-Bending Strength: Basic Concepts.
15.8Refined Analysis of Gear-Tooth-Bending Strength: Recommended Procedure.
15.9Gear-Tooth Surface Durability—Basic Concepts.
15.10Gear-Tooth Surface Fatigue Analysis—Recommended Procedure.
15.11Spur Gear Design Procedures.
15.12Gear Materials.
15.13Gear Trains.
Chapter 16. Helical, Bevel, and Worm Gears.
16.1Introduction.
16.2Helical-Gear Geometry and Nomenclature.
16.3Helical-Gear Force Analysis.
16.4Helical-Gear-Tooth-Bending and Surface Fatigue Strengths.
16.5Crossed Helical Gears.
16.6Bevel Gear Geometry and Nomenclature.
16.7Bevel Gear Force Analysis.
16.8Bevel-Gear-Tooth-Bending and Surface Fatigue Strengths.
16.9Bevel Gear Trains; Differential Gears.
16.10Worm Gear Geometry and Nomenclature.
16.11Worm Gear Force and Efficiency Analysis.
16.12Worm-Gear-Bending and Surface Fatigue Strengths.
16.13Worm Gear Thermal Capacity.
Chapter 17.Shafts and Associated Parts.
17.1Introduction.
17.2Provision for Shaft Bearings.
17.3Mounting Parts onto Rotating Shafts.
17.4Rotating-Shaft Dynamics.
17.5Overall Shaft Design.
17.6Keys, Pins, and Splines.
17.7Couplings and Universal Joints.
Chapter 18. Clutches and Brakes.
18.1Introduction.
18.2Disk Clutches.
18.3Disk Brakes.
18.4Energy Absorption and Cooling.
18.5Cone Clutches and Brakes.
18.6Short-Shoe Drum Brakes.
18.7Eternal Long-Shoe Drum Brakes.
18.8Internal Long-Shoe Drum Brakes.
18.9Band Brakes.
18.10Materials.
Chapter 19. Miscellaneous Machine Components.
19.1Introduction.
19.2Flat Belts.
19.3V-Belts.
19.4Toothed Belts.
19.5Roller Chains.
19.6Inverted-Tooth Chains.
19.7History of Hydrodynamic Drives.
19.8Fluid Couplings.
19.9Hydrodynamic Torque Converters.
Appendix A. Units.
A-1aConversion Factors for British Gravitational, English, and SI Units.
A-1bConversion Factor Equalities Listed by Physical Quantity.
A-2aStandard SI Prefixes.
A-2bSI Units and Symbols.
A-3Suggested SI Prefixes for Stress Calculations.
A-4Suggested SI Prefixes for Linear-Deflection Calculations.
A-5Suggested SI Prefixes for Angular-Deflection Calculations.
Appendix B. Properties of Sections and Solids.
B-1aProperties of Sections.
B-1bDimensions and Properties of Steel Pipe and Tubing Sections.
B-2Mass and Mass Moments of Inertia of Homogeneous Solids.
Appendix C. Material Properties and Uses.
C-1Physical Properties of Common Metals.
C-2Tensile Properties of Some Metals.
C-3aTypical Mechanical Properties and Uses of Gray Cast Iron.
C-3bMechanical Properties and Typical Uses of Malleable Cast Iron.
C-3cAverage Mechanical Properties and Typical Uses of Ductile (Nodular) Iron.
C-4aMechanical Properties of Selected Carbon and Alloy Steels.
C-4bTypical Uses of Plain Carbon Steels.
C-5aProperties of Some Water-Quenched and Tempered Steels.
C-5bProperties of Some Oil-Quenched and Tempered Carbon Steels.
C-5cProperties of Some Oil-Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steels.
C-6Effect of Mass on Strength Properties of Steel.
C-7Mechanical Properties of Some Carburizing Steels.
C-8Mechanical Properties of Some Wrought Stainless Steels.
C-9Mechanical Properties of Some Iron-Based Superalloys.
C-10Mechanical Properties, Characteristics, and Typical Uses of Some Wrought Aluminum Alloys.
C-11Tensile Properties, Characteristics, and Typical Uses of Some Cast-Aluminum Alloys.
C-12Temper Designations for Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys.
C-13Mechanical Properties of Some Copper Alloys.
C-14Mechanical Properties of Some Magnesium Alloys.
C-15Mechanical Properties of Some Nickel Alloys.
C-16Mechanical Properties of Some Wrought-Titanium Alloys.
C-17Mechanical Properties of Some Zinc Casting Alloys.
C-18aRepresentative Mechanical Properties of Some Common Plastics.
C-18bProperties of Some Common Glass-Reinforced and Unreinforced Thermoplastic Resins.
C-18cTypical Applications of Common Plastics.
C-19Material Classes and Selected Members of Each Class.
C-20Designer’s Subset of Engineering Materials.
C-21Processing Methods Used Most Frequently with Different Materials.
C-22Joinability of Materials.
C-23Materials for Machine Components.
C-24Relations Between Failure Modes and Material Properties.
Appendix D. Shear, Moment, and Deflection Equations for Beams.
D-1Cantilever Beams.
D-2Simply Supported Beams.
D-3Beams with Fixed Ends.
D-4Program for Determining Elastic Deflections of Stepped Shafts.
Appendix E. Fits and Tolerances.
E-1Fits and Tolerances for Holes and Shafts.
Index.