Relationships are the very foundation of our lives. Whether personal or professional, our ability to understand and commuinicate effectively with the people in our lives can make the difference between a satisfying, fulfilling life and one filled with tension and frustration. With this in mind, it's suprising that so few of us take the time to critcally examine the makeup and workings of these connections. Here, with Vivian Hamilton's Human Relations: The Art and Science of Building Effective Relationships, we are given the opportunity to do so. This text examines human relations by integrating key components of successful relationships: internal influences on thoughts, feelings, and behaviors; external or sociocultural influences; and communication principles and skill building. These main features help drive students towards better understanding and more effective communication within all of their relationships.
Chapter One: Foundations of Human Relations
Why Study Human Relations?
What is Context?
Psychology, Science, and Human Relations
Interim Summary #1
Culture: A Unifying Theme
What is Culture?
How Do We Define Values?
The Origins of Culture
Interim Summary #2
Dimensions of Culture
Individualism-Collectivism
Power-Distance
Uncertainty Avoidance
Masculinity-Femininity
Interim Summary #3
Chapter Terms
Chapter One Activities
Chapter Two: The Self in Human Relations
The First Steps: Defining and Understanding the Self
Self-Concept
Self-Esteem
Self-Efficacy: Where Self-Concept and Self-Esteem Intersect
Interim Summary #1
Developing Self-Knowledge
Social Comparison
Self-Perception Theory
Discussing Observations and Ideas with Others
The Johari Window
Interim Summary #2
Self-Presentation: How (and How Much) We Show Ourselves to Others
The Public Self and the Private Self
Self-Monitoring
Interim Summary #3
The Self Throughout Adulthood
Erikson’s Theory
Levinson’s Theory
Sheehy’s Theory
Interim Summary #4
Chapter Terms
Chapter Two Activities
Chapter Three: How Personality Influences Human Relations
The Psychoanalytic Perspective
The Mind as an Iceberg
The Three Components of Personality
Defense Mechanisms
Interim Summary #1
The Behaviorist Perspective
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Observational Learning
Interim Summary #2
The Humanist Perspective
Carl Rogers’ Self Theory
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy
Applying the Humanist Theory to Human Relations
The Trait Theories
The Big Five Theory
Applying the Big Five Theory
Personality Theories: The Big Picture
Interim Summary #3
Chapter Terms
Chapter Three Activities
Chapter Four: Emotions, Stress, and Human Relations
The Study of Emotion
How Thoughts Influence Feelings
Fantasies and Nightmares: Seven Irrational Beliefs
Disputing Irrational Beliefs
Interim Summary #1
Some Basic Emotions and Their Effects on Relationships
Sadness
Anger
Happiness
Interim Summary #2
Emotional Intelligence
Self-Awareness
Ability to Regulate Emotions
Persistence
Empathy
Social Competencies
Interim Summary #3
The Role of Stress in Human Relations
The Stress Response
Moderators of Stress
Coping Effectively with Stress
Interim Summary #4
Chapter Terms
Chapter Four Activities
Chapter Five: The Role of Perception in Human Relations
Cognitive Biases Which Influence Our Perception
The Primacy Effect
False Consensus Bias
The Confirmation Bias: Seeing What We Expect to See
The Fundamental Attribution Error
Overcoming the Fundamental Attribution Error
Interim Summary #1
Individual and Group Differences Which Affect Perception
Physiological Influences on Perception
Cultural Influences on Perception
Perception-Checking: A Remedy for Misjudgments
Interim Summary #2
Memory and Perception
Memory is Reconstructive
The Stages of Memory
Interim Summary #3
Chapter Terms
Chapter Five Activities
Chapter Six: Social Influence in Our Relations With Others
Conformity
Motives for Conformity
Situational Conditions Influencing Conformity
Interim Summary #1
Compliance
Basic Principles of Compliance
Interim Summary #2
Obedience
The Milgram Experiment
Situational Factors in Obedience
Gender and Culture in Obedience
Reflections on the Stanford Prison Experiment
Interim Summary #3
Chapter Terms
Chapter Six Activities
Chapter Seven: Prejudice: Foundations,Causes,Effects, and Remedies 393
The Foundations of Prejudice
The First Leg: Group Formation
The Second Leg: Ethnocentrism
The Third Leg: Stereotypes
Foundations of Prejudice: A Final Word
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Prejudice and Discrimination
Prejudice
Causes of Prejudice
Discrimination
Effects of Prejudice and Discrimination
Overcoming Prejudice
Interim Summary #2
Chapter Terms
Chapter Seven Activities
Chapter Eight: Principles of Effective Communication
Relational Climate: Feeling Valued
Confirming and Disconfirming Climates
Levels of Confirmation
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Basic Elements of Listening
Hearing
Attending
Understanding
Responding
Overcoming Common Barriers to Listening
Internal Barriers to Listening
External Barriers to Listening
Counterfeit Listening Styles
Interim Summary #2
Authentic Listening Styles
Controversial Listening Styles
Helpful Listening Styles
Gender and Listening Styles
Tips for the Successful Application of the Principles of Listening
Consider Your Goals and Your Limits
Consider the Speaker’s Needs
Minimize Distractions
Mentally Summarize Key Ideas
Interim Summary #3
A Look Back at the Listening Styles of My Grad School Professors
Chapter Terms
Chapter Eight Activities
Chapter Nine: Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
Verbal Communication
Language Must Be Clear
Relative Language
Static Language
Language Must Be Responsible
I-Language vs. You-Language
The Three Components of an Effective I-Statement
Interim Summary #1
Language Must Be Culturally Sensitive
High and Low-Context Cultures
Elaborate, Exacting, and Succinct Communication Styles
Instrumental and Affective Communication
Gender and Communication
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Language Must Be Congruent: The Importance of Nonverbal Communication
Types of Nonverbal Communication
Culture and Nonverbal Communication
Interim Summary #3
Chapter Terms
Chapter Nine Activities
Chapter Ten: Conflict and Conflict Resolution
Conflict: Myths, Misperceptions, and Facts
Myth #1: Healthy Relationships Have Little or No Conflict
Myth #2: Conflict is Always Destructive
Myth #3: In any Conflict, There Can Only Be One Winner
Overcoming the Myths
Personal Conflict Styles: The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly
The Dual-Concern Model (The Good and the Bad)
And Now… The Ugly: Passive Aggressive Behavior
Interim Summary #1
Personality and Cultural Influences on Conflict Style
Personality and Conflict Style
Culture and Conflict Style
Culture and Conflict Style: The Bottom Line
Interim Summary #2
Reducing Defensiveness in Conflict Resolution
Reducing Defensiveness in Others
Reducing Our Own Defensiveness
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Resolving Conflict: An Integrative Approach
Step One: Identify the Problem
Step Two: Set a Time and Place to Discuss the Issue
Step Three: Exchange Viewpoints
Step Four: Brainstorm and Analyze Options
Step Five: Set a Time to Follow Up
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Effective Conflict Resolution: Some Final Words
Chapter Terms
Chapter Ten Activities
Chapter Eleven: Key concepts in Intimate Relationships
What Is Love?
Sternberg’s Triangle Theory of Love
Lee’s Love Styles
Interim Summary #1
Falling In Love: Attraction and Mate Selection
Proximity
Physical Attractiveness
Similarity
Attraction on the Internet: Do the Same Factors Apply?
Interim Summary #2
Making Relationships Work: Keys to Healthy Long-Term Relationships
Realistic Expectations
Passionate and Companionate Love
The Big Picture
Gottman’s Seven Principles
Interim Summary #3
Chapter Terms
Chapter Activities
Chapter Twelve: Surviving and Thriving in the Workplace
Leadership
Trait Theory: The Great Person Theory of Leadership
Interactionist Theories of Leadership
Transactional vs. Transformational Leadership
Cultural Issues In Leadership
Interim Summary #1
Motivating People in the Workplace
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
Fostering Intrinsic Motivation
Interim Summary #2
Creativity
What Is Creativity?
The Wright Brothers: A Study in Creativity
Characteristics of Creative People
Putting It All Together: The Role of Work in a Meaningful Life
Individual and Cultural Values
Applying Cultural Values to Work
Individual Values and the Meaning of Work
The Meaning of Work: A Summary
Interim Summary #3
A Final Thought
Chapter Terms
Chapter Twelve Activities