Synopses & Reviews
In June 1990, Indigenous peoples shocked Ecuadorian elites with a powerful uprising that paralyzed the country for a week. Militants insisted that the government address Indigenous demands for land ownership, education, and economic development. This uprising was a milestone in the history of Ecuadorandrsquo;s social justice movements, and it inspired popular organizing efforts across Latin America. While the insurrection seemed to come out of nowhere, Marc Becker demonstrates that it emerged out of years of organizing and developing strategies to advance Indigenous rights. In this richly documented account, he chronicles a long history of Indigenous political activism in Ecuador, from the creation of the first local agricultural syndicates in the 1920s through the galvanizing protests of 1990. In so doing, he reveals the central role of women in Indigenous movements and the history of productive collaborations between rural Indigenous activists and urban leftist intellectuals.
Becker explains how rural laborers and urban activists worked together in Ecuador, merging ethnic and class-based struggles for social justice. Socialists were often the first to defend Indigenous languages, cultures, and social organizations. They introduced rural activists to new tactics, including demonstrations and strikes. Drawing on leftist influences, Indigenous peoples became adept at reacting to immediate, local forms of exploitation while at the same time addressing broader underlying structural inequities. Through an examination of strike activity in the 1930s, the establishment of a national-level Ecuadorian Federation of Indians in 1944, and agitation for agrarian reform in the 1960s, Becker shows that the history of Indigenous mobilizations in Ecuador is longer and deeper than many contemporary observers have recognized.
Review
andldquo;In this timely contribution to Latin American history and the study of Indigenous South Americans, Marc Becker documents the long history of Indigenous political activism in Ecuador, reminding us that current events never spring into existence without historical precedent. The impressive amount of new documentary evidence he provides makes this a book that will be immediately read and discussed, and then debated for years to come.andrdquo;andmdash;Mary Weismantel, author of Cholas and Pishtacos: Stories of Race and Sex in the Andes
Synopsis
Gives historical background to late 20th century activism of Ecuador’s Native peoples, highlighting women’s role and the importance of cross-fertilization between class-based movements and ones based on race, ethnicity and identity.
About the Author
Marc Becker is Associate Professor of History at Truman State University in Kirksville, Missouri. He is the author of Mariandaacute;tegui and Latin American Marxist Theory and a co-editor of Highland Indians and the State in Modern Ecuador.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments ix
Chronology xiii
Acronyms xxiii
1. What Is an Indian? 1
2. Socialism 17
3. Strike! 50
4. Federacion Ecuatoriana de Indios 77
5. Guachala 105
6. Agrarian ReforM? 123
7. Return of the Indian 144
8. Pachakutik 166
Notes 195
Glossary 251
Biographies 255
Bibliography 261
Index 293