Synopses & Reviews
The term proto-planetary nebulae (PPNe), in the context of the late stages of stellar evolution, was created just over 20 years ago, to express the belief that in the near future these objects will become planetary nebulae (PNe). The first proto-planetary nebulae (also called post-Asymptotic Giant Branch or post-AGB objects) were discovered in the mid-1970s in the course of the Air Force Sky Survey. Investigation of this phase of stellar evolution developed very rapidly in the 1980s after the IRAS mission when it became clear that proto-planetary nebulae emit a significant part of their energy in the mid- and far-infrared. A new impetus in this field began in the 1990s with high spatial resolution imaging in mid-infrared and optical wavelengths. Evidence has been found that proto-planetary nebulae (at least their central parts) are quite asymmetric while shells of AGB stars display spherical shapes. The most intriguing challenge now is to understand which physical processes are dominant during formation and evolution of proto-planetary nebulae. Is it magnetic field, evolution in binary systems, planets, axisymmetric superwind mass loss and its further shaping by fast wind, collimated jets interacting with a spherically symmetric AGB remnant or maybe an interplay between these different processes? Another challenge is to explain why the mass loss process near the end of the AGB evolution is modulated on timescales of a few hundred years. The model presented during this workshop seems to be very promising in this respect.
Table of Contents
Preface. Acknowledgements. Organizing Committees. List of Participants. Conference Photo. Introductory Review. Photo-planetary Nebulae as a Phase of Stellar Evolution; S. Kwok. Part I: Surveys and Observational Data. Observational Database and Statistical Properties of Proto-planetary Nebulae; R. Szczerba, et al. Optical Survey of Post-AGB Candidates; A. Manchado, et al. Hot Post-AGB Stars; M. Parthasarathy, et al. Properties of Post-AGB Stars with IRAS Colors Typical of Planetary Nebulae; G.C. Van de Steene, et al. BV RIJ H K Photometry of Post-AGB Candidates: Evolution of Post-AGB Central Stars; T. Fujii, et al. Near IR Observations of the Arecibo Sample of OH/IR Stars; F. Jiménez-Esteban, et al. HST Imaging of Proto-planetary Nebulae and Very Young Planetary Nebulae - Towards a New Understanding of Their Formation; R. Sahai. Morphological Properties of PPNs: Mid-IR and HST Imaging Surveys; T. Ueta, M. Meixner. MSC Sources in the LMC: Dust enshrouded AGB Stars and Post-AGB Stars; P.R. wood, M. Cohen. Post-AGB Stars in Globular Clusters and Galactic Halos; H.E. Bond, D.R. Alves. Part II: Stellar Evolution and Winds. The Evolution of AGB Stars Towards Planetary Nebulae; D. Schönberger, M. Steffen. Mass Loss Characteristics of Dust Forming Long-Period Variable Stars; J.M. Winters, T. Le Bertre. Pulsations in Proto-Planetary Nebulae as seen From Light Curve Studies; B.J. Hrivnak, et al. Atmospheric Dynamics of Post-AGB Stars: New Results on the Nature of the Pulsation of HD 56126; A. Lèbre, et al. Light Variability of Color Selected IRAS Sources: Variables in Late AGB and Early Post-AGB Phase; T. Fujii, et al. Circumstellar Arcs in AGB and Post-AGB Stars; S. Kwok, et al. Simulations of Quasi-Periodic Shells in Dust Forming AGB Winds; Y. Simis, et al. Polarimetry and Direct Imaging of Detached Shells Around Carbon Stars; D.G. Delgado, H. Olofsson. Evolution of Thin Gas Shells Along the AGB and Beyond; M. Steffen, D. Schönberner. Modelling of the Observed Post-AGB Evolution; R. Tylenda, et al. The Effect of the Transition Times in the Formation of Planetary Nebulae; E. Villaver, et al. Are Microstructures in the Outer Shells of PNe Fossil Condensations of the AGB Wind? D.R. Gonçalves, et al. The Infrared [WC] Stars; A.A. Zijlstra. Analysis of 5 PN with [WC 8-11] Nuclei; K. Gesicki, A. Acker. Masses of Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae; K. Gesicki, A.A. Zijlstra. Part III: Binarity and Onset of Asymmetrical Structures. AGB Evolution in Binary Systems; A. Frankowski. Planets and Axisymmetric Mass Loss; N. Soker. Bipolar Outflows from OH/IR Stars; A.A. Zijlstra. The Shape and Shaping of Proto-Planetary Nebulae; B.J. Hrivnak, et al. SPH Models of Proto-Planetary Nebulae; A.J. Gawryszczak, et al. Dynamics of the Collimated Outflows of the PPN Hen 3-1475; A. Riera, et al. Strong Asymmetries in the Neutral Envelope of Mira; E. Josselin, et al. Mass Loss Geometry in Symbiotic Binaries; R.L.M. Corradi. Circumstellar Environment of RX Puppis; J. Mikolajewska, et al. The Sudden Loss of 0.01 M⊙ from the VV Cep's Primary as a Characteristic of AGB Evolution in the Binaries; D. Graczyk, M. Mikolajewski. Part IV: Evolution, Spectroscopy and Chemical Composition of Central Stars. AGB and Post-AGB Evolution: Structural and Chemical Changes; T. Blöcker, et al. Stellar Evolution and Nucleosynthesis of Post-AGB Stars; F. Herwig. What Can we Learn from Post-AGB Chemical Studies on the AGB 3rd Dredge-Up Phenomena? H. Van Winckel, M. Reyniers. Optical Spectroscopy of Peculiar Supergiants; V.G. Klochkova, et al. Spectroscopic Masses of Post-AGB Stars; M.R. Schmidt. BD+33°2642: Abundance Patterns in the Central Star of a Halo PN; R. Napiwotzki, et al. The Very Lithium Rich Post-AGB SB2 Binary HD 172481; M. Reyniers, H. Van Winckel. CIT 6: the Early Phase of PPN?; L. Začs, et al. Spectroscopy of Post-AGB A-Supergiant HD 101584 (IRAS 11385-5517); T. Sivarani, et al. Spectroscopy of Post-AGB Candidate HD 331319 (IRAS 19475+3119); T. Sivarani, et al. Spectroscopy of Post-AGB Candidate IRAS 10215-5916; T. Sivarani, et al. Spectroscopy of HD 168625 (IRAS 18184-1623); P. García-Lario, et al. The Evolutionary Status of HD 179821; F. Thévenin, et al. IRAS 01005+7910, a High Galactic Latitude Post-AGB Star? J. Hu. Part V: Dust around Post-AGB Sources. ISO Results for Protoplanetary Nebulae; K. Volk, et al. An Atlas of ISO SWS Spectra: The Transition from AGB Stars to PNe; P. García-Lario, et al. Big, Bumpy Dust Shells around Protoplanetary Nebulae; A.K. Speck, et al. Spatial Distributions of Multiple Dust Components in the PPN/PN Dust Shells; T. Ueta, et al. Structure and Properties of IRC+10216; A.B. Men'shchikov, et al. Spatially Resolved Spectra of the Red Rectangle in the N-band; T. Miyata, et al. Part VI: Molecular and Atomic Gas around PPNe. Molecules in AGB (and Post-AGB) Circumstellar Envelopes; A. Omont. Molecular Gas Images of Proto-planetary Nebulae; M. Meixner, et al. H2 Spectroscopy of Protoplanetary Nebulae; D.A. Weintraub, et al. Molecular Hydrogen Around Post &endash; AGB Stars; D.A. García-Hernández, et al. Morphology and Kinematics of the Egg Nebula: CO and H2; P. Cox, et al. O-bearing Molecules in Carbon-rich Proto-planetary Objects: Study of CRL 618; F. Herpin, J. Cernicharo. Low excitation Atomic Gas Around Evolved Stars: ISO Observations of C-rich Nebulae; D. Fong, et al. Low-excitation Atomic Gas in PPNe: ISO Observations of FIR Line Emission in O-rich Objects; A. Castro-Carrizo, et al. Probing the Post-AGB Nature of HD 179821; E. Josselin, A. Lèbre. Masers Diagnostics to Identify Stars Departing from the AGB; D. Engels. IRAS 18455+0448: The Birth and Death of OH/IR Stars; B.M. Lewis. OH Maser Mapping of Post-AGB Stars; M. Szymczak, A.M.S. Richards. The Time Variation in the Water Vapor Bands in Oxygen-rich Mira Variables; M. Matsuura, et al. Further Detections of OH Masers in Carbon Stars with Silicate Features; M. Szymczak, et al. Object Index. Author Index.