Chapter 1: Origins, to 1200 b.c.e. 1-1: A Mesopotamian Creation Myth:
The Battle Between Marduk and Tiamat (ca. 2000-1000 b.c.e.) 1-2: The Quest for Eternal Life:
The Epic of Gilgamesh (ca. 2750 b.c.e.) 1-3: Society and Law in Ancient Babylonia:
The Code of Hammurabi (ca. 1780 b.c.e.) 1-4: A Declaration of Innocence:
The Egyptian Book of the Dead (ca. 2100-1800 b.c.e.) 1-5: Enforcing Royal Authority:
Letters Between a Sumerian King and His Prime Minister (ca. 2000-1700 b.c.e.)
Sources in Conversation: The Great and Terrible Power of the Gods 1-6: AKHENATEN,
The Hymn to Aton (ca. 1350 b.c.e.) 1-7:
Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur (ca. 2000-1700 b.c.e.) Comparative and Discussion Questions
Chapter 2: Small Kingdoms and Mighty Empires in the Near East, 1200-510 b.c.e. 2-1: The Hebrews Explain Creation:
Book of Genesis (ca. 950-450 b.c.e.) 2-2: The Hebrew Law and Covenant:
Exodus and Deuteronomy (ca. 950-450 b.c.e.) 2-3: The Qualities of a King:
Assyrian Kings Proclaim Their Greatness (ca. 1220-1070 b.c.e.)
Sources in Conversation: The Legacy of Cyrus 2-4: CYRUS OF PERSIA:
Ruling an Empire (ca. 550 b.c.e.) 2-5:
Book of Isaiah: Blessings for Cyrus (ca. 550 b.c.e.) 2-6: A Choice Between Good and Evil: ZOROASTER,
Gatha 30: Good Thoughts, Good Words, Good Deeds (ca. 600 b.c.e.) Comparative and Discussion Questions
Chapter 3: The Development of Greek Society and Culture, ca. 3000-338 b.c.e. 3-1: A Long Journey Home: HOMER,
The Odyssey: Odysseus and the Sirens (ca. 800 b.c.e.) 3-2: Moral Instruction and Good Advice: HESIOD,
Works and Days (ca. 800 b.c.e.) 3-3: A Clash of Loyalties: SOPHOCLES,
Antigone (441 b.c.e.)
Sources in Conversation: Political Philosophy 3-4: THUCYDIDES,
The History of the Peloponnesian War: Pericless Funeral Oration (ca. 400 b.c.e.) 3-5: PLATO,
The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave (ca. 360 b.c.e.) 3-6: Choosing the Best State: ARISTOTLE,
Politics: Democracy (ca. 340 b.c.e.) Comparative and Discussion Questions
Chapter 4: Life in the Hellenistic World, 336-30 b.c.e. 4-1: Remembering a Legend: EPHIPPUS OF OLYNTHUS,
On the Burial of Alexander and Hephaestion: Ephippus of Olynthus Remembers Alexander the Great (ca. 323 b.c.e.) 4-2: A Spartan King Pays Homage to the Past: PLUTARCH,
Life of Cleomenes III (75 c.e.)
Sources in Conversation: Living the Good Life 4-3: DIOGENES LAERTIUS,
The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers: Diogenes of Sinope, the Cynic (ca. 300-200 b.c.e.) 4-4: EPICURUS,
The Principal Doctrines of Epicureanism (ca. 306 b.c.e.) 4-5: EPICTETUS,
Encheiridion, or The Manual (ca. 100 c.e.) 4-6: A Greek View of Byzantium: POLYBIUS,
A Greek Historian Describes Byzantiums Contribution to Regional Trade (ca. 170-118 b.c.e.) Comparative and Discussion Questions
Chapter 5: The Rise of Rome, ca. 1000-27 b.c.e. 5-1: The Moral Roots of the Republic: LIVY,
The Rape of Lucretia (ca. 27-25 b.c.e.) 5-2: The Role of the Family in Roman Society:
A Roman Wedding (ca. 160 c.e.) 5-3: An Effort to Resolve Social Conflict:
The Law of the Twelve Tables (449 b.c.e.) 5-4: Life in a Roman City: SENECA,
The Sounds of a Roman Bath (ca. 50 c.e.)
Sources in Conversation: Political Unrest in Rome 5-5: APPIAN OF ALEXANDRIA,
The Civil Wars (ca. 100 c.e.) 5-6: PLUTARCH,
On Julius Caesar, a Man of Unlimited Ambition (ca. 44 b.c.e.) Comparative and Discussion Questions
Chapter 6: The Roman Empire, 27 b.c.e.-284 c.e.6-1: Romans and Barbarians: TACITUS,
Germania (ca. 100 c.e.) 6-2: A Roman Seeks the Aid of an Egyptian Goddess: APULEIUS,
The Golden Ass: The Veneration of Isis (ca. 170 c.e.)
Sources in Conversation: Jews, Christians, and the Hebrew Law 6-3:
The Gospel According to Matthew: The Sermon on the Mount (28 c.e.) 6-4: PAUL OF TARSUS,
Epistle to the Galatians (ca. 50-60 c.e.) 6-5: Anti-Christian Sentiment:
The Alexamenos Graffito (ca. 100 c.e.) Comparative and Discussion Questions
Chapter 7: Late Antiquity, 250-600 7-1: Church and State in Late Antiquity: SAINT AMBROSE OF MILAN,
Emperor Theodosius Brought to Heel (390) 7-2: Rules for Monastic Living: SAINT BENEDICT OF NURSIA,
The Rule of Saint Benedict (529) 7-3: Contrasting the Works of God with Those of Men: SAINT AUGUSTINE
, City of God: The Two Cities (413-426) 7-4: Law and Society in the Early Middle Ages:
The Law of the Salian Franks (ca. 500-600)
Sources in Conversation: The Rebirth of the Roman Empire in the East 7-5: EMPEROR JUSTINIAN,
The Institutes of Justinian (529-533) 7-6: PROCOPIUS OF CAESAREA,
The Secret History (ca. 550) Comparative and Discussion Questions
Chapter 8: Europe in the Early Middle Ages, 600-1000 8-1: A Muslim Describes the Conquest of Spain: IBN ABD-EL-HAKEM,
The Conquest of Spain (ca. 870)
Sources in Conversation: Conquest and Conversion 8-2: WILLIBALD,
Saint Boniface Destroys the Oak of Thor (ca. 750) 8-3: CHARLEMAGNE,
Capitulary for Saxony (ca. 775-790) 8-4: Instructions for Royal Envoys: CHARLEMAGNE,
General Capitulary for the Missi (802) 8-5: Muslims Versus Christians in the Early Middle Ages:
The Song of Roland (ca. 1100-1300) Comparative and Discussion Questions
Chapter 9: State and Church in the High Middle Ages, 1000-1300 9-1: A Nobleman Establishes a Religious House: DUKE WILLIAM OF AQUITAINE,
On the Foundation of Cluny (909) 9-2: William the Conqueror Surveys His Kingdom:
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: William the Conqueror and the Domesday Book (1086) 9-3: Placing Limits on Royal Power: KING JOHN OF ENGLAND,
From Magna Carta: The Great Charter of Liberties (1215) 9-4: A Pope and an Emperor Compete for Power: POPE GREGORY VII AND EMPEROR HENRY IV,
Mutual Recriminations: The Investiture Controversy Begins (1076) 9-5: A Call for Crusade: ROBERT THE MONK OF RHEIMS,
Urban II at the Council of Clermont (ca. 1120)
Sources in Conversation: The Response to Urban IIs Call for Holy War 9-6: GUIBERT OF NOGENT/ANNA COMNENA,
Peter the Hermit and the "Peoples Crusade" (ca. 1108-1148) 9-7: ANONYMOUS OF MAINZ,
The Slaughter of the Jews (ca. 1096) Comparative and Discussion Questions
Chapter 10: Life in Villages and Cities of the High Middle Ages, 1000-1300 10-1: Life on a Medieval Manor:
Manorial Records of Bernehorne (1307) 10-2: Medieval Workers:
On Laborers: A Dialogue Between Teacher and Student (ca. 1000)
Sources in Conversation: Living and Working in a Medieval City 10-3:
The Charter of the Laon Commune (ca. 1100-1120) 10-4:
The Ordinances of Londons Leatherworkers (1346) 10-5: THE COMMUNE OF FLORENCE,
A Sumptuary Law: Restrictions on Dress (1373) 10-6: A Master of Medieval Scholasticism: SAINT THOMAS AQUINAS,
Summa Theologica: Proof of the Existence of God (1268) 10-7: An Author Relates a Popular Religious Story: JACQUES DE VITRY,
The Virgin Mary Saves a Monk and His Lover (ca. 1200) Comparative and Discussion Questions
Chapter 11: The Later Middle Ages, 1300-1450 11-1: The Psychological and Emotional Impact of the Plague: GIOVANNI BOCCACCIO,
The Decameron: The Plague Hits Florence (ca. 1350) 11-2: A Town Chronicler Describes the Black Death: ANGELO DI TURA,
Sienese Chronicle (1348-1351) 11-3: Social and Economic Unrest in England:
The Anonimalle Chronicle: The English Peasants Revolt (1381) 11-4: A Simple Social World?: PETRARCA-MEISTER,
The Social Order (ca. 1515)
Sources in Conversation: Women and Power 11-5: CATHERINE OF SIENA,
Letter to Gregory XI (1372) 11-6:
The Debate Over Joan of Arcs Clothes (1429) Comparative and Discussion Questions
Chapter 12: European Society in the Age of the Renaissance, 1350-1550 12-1: An Italian Admirer of the Classical Past: PETRARCH,
Letter to Livy (1350) 12-2: Power Politics During the Italian Renaissance: NICCOLÒ MACHIAVELLI,
The Prince (1513) 12-3: A Description of the Ideal Courtier: BALDASSARE CASTIGLIONE,
The Book of the Courtier (1528) 12-4: A Humanist Prescription for the Education of Princes: DESIDERIUS ERASMUS,
The Education of a Christian Prince (1516) 12-5: A Female Author Argues for the Education of Women: CHRISTINE DE PIZAN,
The Book of the City of Ladies: Against Those Men Who Claim It Is Not Good for Women to Be Educated (1404)
Sources in Conversation: A Female Painter Tells Stories About Women 12-6: ARTEMISIA GENTILESCHI,
Susannah and the Elders (1610) 12-7: ARTEMISIA GENTILESCHI,
Judith and Holofernes (1610) Comparative and Discussion Questions
Chapter 13: Reformations and Religious Wars, 1500-1600 13-1: Martin Luther Takes a Stand: MARTIN LUTHER,
Ninety-five Theses on the Power of Indulgences (1517) 13-2: Reformation Propaganda: HANS HOLBEIN THE YOUNGER,
Luther as the German Hercules (ca. 1519)
Sources in Conversation: The War on Witches 13-3: JEAN BODIN,
On the Demon-Mania of Witches (1580) 13-4:
Elizabeth Francis Confesses to Witchcraft (1566) 13-5: Calvin Defines His Protestant Vision: JOHN CALVIN,
The Institutes of Christian Religion (1559) 13-6: Training the Soldiers of Christ: IGNATIUS OF LOYOLA,
Rules for Right Thinking (1548) Comparative and Discussion Questions
Chapter 14: European Exploration and Conquest, 1450-1650 14-1: Columbus Sets the Context for His Voyage: CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS,
Diario (1492) 14-2: Cortés Describes the Conquest of the Aztecs: HERNANDO CORTÉS,
Two Letters to Charles V: On the Conquest of the Aztecs (1521)
Sources in Conversation: The Slave Trade in Africa 14-3: ALVISE DA CA DA MOSTO,
Description of Capo Bianco and the Islands Nearest to It: Fifteenth-Century Slave Trade in West Africa (1455-1456) 14-4: KING NZINGA MBEMBA AFFONSO OF CONGO,
Letters on the Slave Trade (1526) 14-5: The Jesuits Bring Christianity to Asia: SAINT FRANCIS XAVIER,
Missionaries in Japan (1552) 14-6: A Critique of European "Superiority": MICHEL DE MONTAIGNE,
Of Cannibals (1580) Comparative and Discussion Questions
Chapter 15: Absolutism and Constitutionalism, ca. 1589-1725 15-1: A French King Establishes Limited Religious Toleration: HENRY IV,
Edict of Nantes (1598) 15-2: An Argument for the Divine Right of Kings: JACQUES-BÉNIGNE BOSSUET,
Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture (1679) 15-3: The English Place Limits on Monarchical Power:
The Bill of Rights (1689) 15-4: A Tsar Imposes Western Styles on the Russians: PETER THE GREAT,
Edicts and Decrees (1699-1723)
Sources in Conversation: The Commonwealth and the State of Nature 15-5: THOMAS HOBBES,
Leviathan (1651) 15-6: JOHN LOCKE,
Second Treatise of Civil Government: Vindication for the Glorious Revolution (1690) Comparative and Discussion Questions
Chapter 16: Toward a New Worldview, 1540-1789 16-1: A New Model of the Solar System: NICOLAUS COPERNICUS,
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1542) 16-2: A Defense of Science: FRANCIS BACON,
On Superstition and the Virtue of Science (1620)
Sources in Conversation: Monarchical Power and Responsibility 16-3: FREDERICK THE GREAT,
Essay on the Forms of Government (ca. 1740) 16-4: CHARLES DE SECONDAT, BARON DE MONTESQUIEU,
From The Spirit of Laws: On the Separation of Governmental Powers (1748) 16-5: JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU,
The Social Contract: On Popular Sovereignty and the General Will (1762) 16-6: A Philosophe Argues for Religious Toleration: VOLTAIRE,
A Treatise on Toleration (1763) Comparative and Discussion Questions