Synopses & Reviews
Studies on the Abuse and Decline of Reason is a series of fascinating essays on the study of social phenomena. How to best and most accurately study social interactions has long been debated intensely, and there are two main approaches: the positivists, who ignore intent and belief and draw on methods based in the sciences; and the nonpositivists, who argue that opinions and ideas drive action and are central to understanding social behavior. F. A. Hayeks opposition to the positivists and their claims to scientific rigor and certainty in the study of human behavior is a running theme of this important book.
Hayek argues that the vast number of elements whose interactions create social structures and institutions make it unlikely that social science can predict precise outcomes. Instead, he contends, we should strive to simply understand the principles by which phenomena are produced. For Hayek this modesty of aspirations went hand in hand with his concern over widespread enthusiasm for economic planning. As a result, these essays are relevant to ongoing debates within the social sciences and to discussion about the role government can and should play in the economy.
About the Author
F. A. Hayek (1899-1992), recipient of the Medal of Freedom in 1991 and co-winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1974, was a pioneer in monetary theory and a leading proponent of classical liberalism in the twentieth century. He taught at the University of London, the University of Chicago, and the University of Freiburg.
Bruce Caldwell is the Joe Rosenthal Excellence Professor in the Department of Economics at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro, and author of
Beyond Positivism: Economic Methodology in the Twentieth Century. He is past president of the History of Economics Society and the general editor of
The Collected Works of F. A. Hayek, copublished by the University of Chicago Press.
Table of Contents
Editorial Foreword
Introduction
Studies on the Abuse and Decline of Reason
Prelude Individualism: True and False
Part One: Scientism and the Study of Society
One The Influence of the Natural Sciences on the Social Sciences
Two The Problem and the Method of the Natural Sciences
Three The Subjective Character of the Data of the Social Sciences
Four The Individualist and ‘Compositive Method of the Social Sciences
Five The Objectivism of the Scientistic Approach
Six The Collectivism of the Scientistic Approach
Seven The Historicism of the Scientistic Approach
Eight ‘Purposive Social Formations
Nine ‘Conscious Direction and the Growth of Reason
Ten Engineers and Planners
Part Two: The Counter-Revolution of Science
Eleven The Source of the Scientistic Hubris: LEcole Polytechnique
Twelve The “Accoucheur dIdées”: Henri de Saint-Simon
Thirteen Social Physics: Saint-Simon and Comte
Fourteen The Religion of the Engineers: Enfantin and the Saint-Simonians
Fifteen Saint-Simonian Influence
Sixteen Sociology: Comte and His successors
Part Three: Comte and Hegel
Seventeen Comte and Hegel
Appendix: Related Documents
Some Notes on Propaganda in Germany (1939)
Selected Correspondence, F. A. Hayek to Fritz Machlup (1940-41)
Preface to the U. S. Edition (1952)
Preface to the German Edition (1959)
Acknowledgements
Index