Synopses & Reviews
Synopsis
Excerpt from Taxation and National Income
Indirect taxation antedates direct taxation. The latter form of compulsory contribution did not meet with popular favor in the early days. Its existence would have presupposed a Strong monarch or leader who could defy public sentiment. Only as democracy develops and public morality and civic responsibility grow is it found possible to introduce direct taxation. Recognition Of social duty Opens the way for a system Of taxation primarily based on one's property. At first levied in the form of poll or capitation tax, direct contributions were later exacted based on land, gross produce, and net produce. Finally, as modern economy emerges and the principle Of ability is accepted as the best criterion, a system Of taxation develops founded on the income Of individuals or legal entities. The latter Stage is only a recent phenomenon and marks the acceptance of those principles Of fiscal justice and equity Of which civilization boasts today.
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