The global structure of the heliosphere changes dramatically with the solar circle. Our knowledge of the heliosphere in three dimensions under solar-minimum conditions has advanced significantly in the last 10 years, largely as a result of the on-going ESA/NASA Ulysses mission. Similar advances in our understanding of the heliosphere at solar maximum are to be expected with the return of Ulysses to the Sun's polar regions in 2000/2001. The papers in this volume address a wide range of topics related to the solar-maximum heliosphere, and include many of the latest findings from Ulysses and other space-based missions. Ground-based studies and theoretical modeling are also well represented. Specific questions include: what are the dominant processes that determine the global structure of the inner heliosphere under conditions of high solar activity, and what are the key differences between the high-latitude heliosphere at solar maximum and solar minimum? The book is intended for those carrying out active research in the fields of solar and heliospheric physics.
Our knowledge of the heliosphere in three dimensions near solar minimum has advanced significantly in the last 10 years, largely as a result of the on-going ESAINASA Ulysses mission. Similar advances in our understanding of the global heliosphere near solar maximum are to be expected with the return of Ulysses to high solar latitudes in 2000/200 I. With this in mind, the 34th ESLAB Symposium, held at ESTEC in Noordwijk, The Netherlands, on 3-6 October, 2000, was devoted to 'The 3-D Heliosphere at Solar Maximum'. This was the third ESLAB Sympo sium focusing on the three-dimensional heliosphere (previous symposia being in 1985 and 1994), and the timing was particularly appropriate, marking as it did the 10th anniversary of the launch of the Ulysses spacecraft. Furthermore, Ulysses had just started its third high-latitude pass, the second over the Sun's south polar regions. The symposium addressed a wide range of topics related to the solar-maximum heliosphere, with presentations on many of the latest findings from Ulysses and other space-based missions. Ground-based studies and theoretical modeling were also well represented. Specific questions to which answers were sought included the following."
Foreword. Welcome Address;
K.-P. Wenzel. Session 1: The Sun and Corona near Solar Maximum. UVCS Observations of Velocity Shear at Streamer Boundaries in the Corona;
S.R. Habbal, et al. Radio Frequency Fluctuation Spectra During the Solar Conjunctions of the Ulysses and Galileo Spacecraft;
R. Wohlmuth, et al. A Cosmic Ray Signature of Equatorial Coronal Holes;
B.J.I. Bromage, et al. Observations of the Acceleration of Polar Solar Wind near Solar Maximum;
S.J. Tappin, et al. Origin of the Solar Wind: Theory;
L.A. Fisk, N.A. Schwadron. Three-Dimensional Solar Wind Modeling Using Remote-Sensing Data;
P.P. Hick, B.V. Jackson. Semi-Empirical 2-D MHD Model of the Solar Corona and Solar Wind: Energy Flow in the Corona;
E. Sittler Jr., M. Guhathakurta. Source Region of High and Low Speed Wind during the Spartan 201-05 Flight;
M. Guhathakurta, et al. 3D Coronal Structures and their Evolutions Measured by Stereoscopy, Consequences for Space Weather and the STEREO Mission;
F. Portier-Fozzani, B. Inhester. Fine Structure in the Corona at High Latitudes at Solar Maximum;
S. Suess. The Fall 2000 and Fall 2001 SOHO-Ulysses Quadratures;
S. Suess, G. Poletto. Comparison of Quiet Sun Radiances Measured by CDS and SUMER on SOHO ;
A. Pauluhn, et al. Section 2: The Large-Scale Structure of the Heliosphere near Solar Maximum. Global Solar Wind Structure from Solar Minimum to Solar Maximum: Sources and Evolution;
S.E. Gibson. Associating the Solar Wind measured by Ulysses with its Source at the Sun;
R. Woo, S.R. Habbal. CME-driven Solar Wind Disturbances at High Heliographic Latitudes;
J.T. Gosling, R.J. Forsyth. Ulysses' Second Orbit: Remarkably Different Solar Wind;
D.J. McComas, et al. Solar Wind Electron Observations Near Solar Maximum at High Latitudes from Thermal Noise Spectroscopy;
K. Issautier, et al. Magnetic Domains in the Heliosphere during Solar Maximum Years;
I.S. Veselovsky. Solar Wind Composition at Solar Maximum;
P. Bochsler. The 3-D Heliosphere from the Ulysses and ACE Solar Wind Composition Experiments;
R. von Steiger, et al. Kilometric Type III Radio Bursts, Electron Beams, and Interplanetary Density Structures;
M. Reiner. Langmuir Wave Activity: Comparing the Ulysses Solar Minimum and Solar Maximum Orbits;
R.J. MacDowall, et al. The Heliospheric Magnetic Field at Solar Maximum: Ulysses Observations;
A. Balogh, E.J. Smith. Latitudinal Variation of the Underlying Heliospheric Magnetic Field Direction: Comparison of the Ulysses First and Second Orbits;
R.J. Forsyth, et al. 12 Additional Chapters.
Session 3: Energetic Particles in the Heliosphere. Energetic Particle Characteristics in the High-Latitude Heliosphere Near Solar Maximum;
G.M. Simnett. Low Energy Particles in the Global Heliosphere 2001-2004: 1 to 90 AU;
J.L. Lanzerotti, et al. 26-day Analysis of Energetic Ion Observations at High and Low Heliolatitudes: Ulysses and ACE;
D. Lario, et al. Survey of MeV Proton Anisotropies as Measured by Ulysses;
S. Dalla, A. Balogh. Simultaneous Observations of Solar Energetic Particle Events by IMP8 and the Ulysses COSPIN High Energy Telescope at High Solar Latitudes;
R.B. McKibben, et al. Tracing the Magnetic Topology of Coronal Mass Ejection Events by Ulysses/Hi-Scale Energetic Particle Observations in and out of the Ecliptic;
O.E. Malandraki, et al. Comparison of 40 keV Electron Events at High and Low Heliolatitudes: Ulysses/Hi-Scale and ACE/EPAM;
S.E. Hawkins, et al. Solar Origin of Anisotropic Electron Events Observed by Ulysses and ACE;
M. Pick, et al. Joint Ulysses and ACE Observations of a Magnetic Cloud and the Associated Solar Energetic Particle Event;
D. Lario, et al. Oxygen and Iron Ions at High Heliolatitudes;
C.G. Maclennan, et al. Origins of Anisotropic 40-300 keV Electron Events Observed at Low and High Latitudes;
S.E. Hawkins III, et al. Energetic Ions Observed at Low to High Latitudes in the Southern Heliosphere during Declining and Rising Solar Activity;
O. Moullard, et al. Session 4: Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere. Modulation of Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere from Solar Minimum to Maximum: A Theoretical Perspective;
M.S. Potgieter, et al. Cosmic Ray Modulation over the Poles at Solar Maximum: Observations;
B. Heber, R.G. Marsden. The Onset of Long Term Modulation in the Heliosphere in Cycle 23;
F.B. McDonald, et al. Cosmic Ray Transport in a Heliospheric Magnetic Field with Non-Polar Coronal Holes;
J. Kota, J.R. Jokipii. An Estimate of Drift Effects in Various Models of the Heliospheric Magnetic Field;
R.A. Burger, et al. Cosmic Ray Isotopic Composition Studies with the Ulysses High Energy Telescope: Implications for Origin and Distribution in the Galaxy;
J.A. Simpson, J.J. Connell. The Influence of Tilt Angle and Magnetic Field Variations on Cosmic Ray Modulation;
G. Wibberenz, et al. Rigidity Dependence and Time Response of Cosmic Rays to the Modulation Steps in the Rising Part of Solar Cycle 23. COSPIN/KET Results;
C. Paizis, et al. The Solar and Cosmic Ray synodic Periodicity (1969-1998);
A. Antalova, et al. The Wavelet Analysis of the Solar and Cosmic Ray Data;
J. Rybak, et al. The Evolution of the Anomalous Cosmic Ray Oxygen Spectra From 1995 to 1998: Ulysses Observations;
B. Heber, et al. Modulation Near Solar Maximum at High Solar Latitudes: Observations from the Ulysses COSPIN High Energy Telescope;
R.B. McKibben, et al. Time Dependent 2D Model and Comparison with Observations during the 1974 Mini Cycle;
G. Wibberenz, et al. Session 5: The Heliosphere in the Local Interstellar Medium. A Model of Charge Exchange of Interstellar Hydrogen on a Time-Dependent, 2D Solar Wind;
M. Bzowski. Velocity Distribution of Interstellar H Atoms in the Heliospheric Interface;
V. Izmodenov. Dust Properties in the Local Interstellar Medium;
I. Mann, H. Kimura. Remote Sensing of H from Ulysses and Galileo;
W. Pryor, et al. Temporal and Spatial Variations of Heliospheric X-Ray Emissions Associated with Charge Transfer of the Solar Wind with Interstellar Neutrals;
I.P. Robertson, et al. Modification of Properties and Dynamics of Distant Solar Wind due to its Interaction with Neutral Interstellar Gas;
H.J. Fahr, D. Rucinski. Heliospheric ENA Fluxes: How are they Sensitive to the Ionization State of LIC?
V. Izmodenov, et al. Expected Fluxes of H+ Pickup Ions in the Inner Heliosphere during various Phases of Solar Cycle;
M. Bzowski, et al. Observation of the Interstellar Helium Cone by the NOZOMI Satellite;
H. Noda, et al. Author index. List of Participants.