Note: Each chapter ends with Suggestions for Further Reading and a "Reviewing the Chapter" section which includes a Timeline, Key Terms, Review questions, and Making Connections.
1. Ancient America: Before 1492
Opening Vignette: Archaeological discovery proves that humans inhabited America for more than 10,000 years
Archaeology and History
The First Americans
Beyond America's Borders: Nature's Immigrants
Archaic Hunters and Gatherers
Agricultural Settlements and Chiefdoms
Native Americans in the 1490s
The Mexica: A Meso-American Culture
Conclusion: The World of Ancient Americans
Reviewing the Chapter
2. Europeans Encounter the New World, 14921600
Opening Vignette: Christopher Columbus encounters the Tainos of San Salvador
Europe in the Age of Exploration
A Surprising New World in the Western Atlantic
Spanish Exploration and Conquest
Documenting the American Promise: Justifying Conquest
The New World and Sixteenth-Century Europe
Conclusion: The Promise of the New World for Europeans
Reviewing the Chapter
3. The Southern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, 16011700
Opening Vignette: Pocahontas "rescues" John Smith
An English Colony on the Chesapeake
A Tobacco Society
Beyond America's Borders: American Tobacco and European Consumers
The Evolution of Chesapeake Society
Religion and Revolt in the Spanish Borderland
Toward a Slave Labor System
Conclusion: The Growth of English Colonies Based on Export Crops and Slave Labor
Reviewing the Chapter
4. The Northern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, 16011700
Opening Vignette: Roger Williams is banished from Puritan Massachusetts
Puritan Origins: The English Reformation
Puritans and the Settlement of New England
Documenting the American Promise: King Philip Considers Christianity
The Evolution of New England Society
The Founding of the Middle Colonies
The Colonies and the British Empire
Conclusion: An English Model of Colonization in North America
Reviewing the Chapter
5. Colonial America in the Eighteenth Century, 17011770
Opening Vignette: Young Benjamin Franklin arrives in Philadelphia
A Growing Population and Expanding Economy in British North America
New England: From Puritan Settlers to Yankee Traders
The Middle Colonies: Immigrants, Wheat, and Work
The Southern Colonies: Land of Slavery
Unifying Experiences
Bonds of the British Empire
Documenting the American Promise: Missionaries Report on California Missions
Conclusion: The Dual Identity of British North American Colonists
Reviewing the Chapter
6. The British Empire and the Colonial Crisis, 17541775
Opening Vignette: Loyalist governor Thomas Hutchinson stands his ground in radical Massachusetts
The Seven Years' War, 17541763
Historical Question: How Long Did the Seven Years' War Last in Indian Country?
The Sugar and Stamp Acts, 17631765
The Townshend Acts and Economic Retaliation, 17671770
The Tea Party and the Coercive Acts, 17701774
Domestic Insurrections, 17741775
Conclusion: How Far Does Liberty Go?
Reviewing the Chapter
7. The War for America, 17751783
Opening Vignette: Abigail Adams eagerly awaits independence
The Second Continental Congress
The Promise of Technology: Arming the Soldiers: Muskets and Rifles
The First Year of War, 17751776
The Home Front
The Campaigns of 17771779: The North and West
The Southern Strategy and the End of the War
Conclusion: Why the British Lost
Reviewing the Chapter
8. Building a Republic, 17751789
Opening Vignette: James Madison comes of age in the midst of revolution
The Articles of Confederation
The Sovereign States
Documenting the American Promise: Blacks Petition for Freedom and Rights
The Critical Period
The United States Constitution
Ratification of the Constitution
Conclusion: The "Republican Remedy"
Reviewing the Chapter
9. The New Nation Takes Form, 17891800
Opening Vignette: Alexander Hamilton struggles with the national debt
The Search for Stability
Beyond America's Borders: France, England, and Woman's Rights in the 1790s
Hamilton's Economic Policies
Conflicts West, East, and South
Federalists and Republicans
Conclusion: Parties Nonetheless
Reviewing the Chapter
10. Republicans in Power, 18001824
Opening Vignette: The Shawnee chief Tecumseh attempts to forge a pan-Indian confederacy
Jefferson's Presidency
The Madisons in the White House
The Promise of Technology: Stoves Transform Cooking
Women's Status in the Early Republic
Monroe and Adams
Conclusion: Republican Simplicity Becomes Complex
Reviewing the Chapter
11. The Expanding Republic, 18151840
Opening Vignette: The rise of Andrew Jackson, symbol of a self-confident and expanding nation
The Market Revolution
The Spread of Democracy
Cultural Shifts, Religion, and Reform
Beyond America's Borders: Transatlantic Abolition
Jackson Defines the Democratic Party
Conclusion: The Age of Jackson or the Era of Reform?
Reviewing the Chapter
12. The New West and Free North, 18401860
Opening Vignette: Young Abraham Lincoln and his family struggle to survive in antebellum America
The Westward Movement
Expansion and the Mexican-American War
Historical Question: Who Rushed for California Gold?
Economic and Industrial Evolution
Free Labor: Promise and Reality
Reforming Self and Society
Conclusion: Free Labor, Free Men
Reviewing the Chapter
13. The Slave South, 18201860
Opening Vignette: Slave Nat Turner leads a revolt to end slavery
The Growing Distinctiveness of the South
Masters, Mistresses, and the Big House
Historical Question: How Often Were Slaves Whipped?
Slaves and the Quarter
Black and Free: On the Middle Ground
The Plain Folk
The Politics of Slavery
Conclusion: A Slave Society
Reviewing the Chapter
14. The House Divided, 18461861
Opening Vignette: Abolitionist John Brown takes his war against slavery to Harper's Ferry, Virginia
The Bitter Fruits of War
The Sectional Balance Undone
Beyond America's Borders: Filibusters: The Underside of Manifest Destiny
Realignment of the Party System
Freedom under Siege
The Union Collapses
Conclusion: Slavery, Free Labor, and the Failure of Political Compromise
Reviewing the Chapter
15. The Crucible of War, 18611865
Opening Vignette: Runaway slave William Gould enlists in the U.S. navy
"And the War Came"
The Combatants
Battling It Out, 18611862
Union and Freedom
The South at War
The North at War
Grinding Out Victory, 18631865
Historical Question: Why Did So Many Soldiers Die?
Conclusion: The Second American Revolution
Reviewing the Chapter
16. Reconstruction, 18631877
Opening Vignette: Northern victory freed the field hand York, but it did not change his former master's mind about the need for slavery
Wartime Reconstruction
Documenting the American Promise: The Meaning of Freedom
Presidential Reconstruction
Congressional Reconstruction
The Struggle in the South
Reconstruction Collapses
Conclusion: "A Revolution But Half Accomplished"
Reviewing the Chapter
17. Business and Politics in the Gilded Age, 18701895
Opening Vignette: Mark Twain and the Gilded Age
Old Industries Transformed, New Industries Born
Documenting the American Promise: Rockefeller and His Critics
From Competition to Consolidation
Politics and Culture
Presidential Politics in the Gilded Age
Economic Issues and Shifting Political Alliances
Conclusion: Business Dominates an Era
Reviewing the Chapter
18. The West in the Gilded Age, 18701900
Opening Vignette: Native American boarding school students celebrate Indian citizenship
Gold Fever and the Mining West
The Promise of Technology: Hydraulic Mining
Land Fever
A Clash of Cultures
Conclusion: The West, an Integral Part of Gilded Age America
Reviewing the Chapter
19. The City and Its Workers, 18701900
Opening Vignette: Workers build the Brooklyn Bridge
The Rise of the City
At Work in the City
Workers Organize
At Home and at Play
City Growth and City Government
Beyond America's Borders: The World's Columbian Exposition and Nineteenth-Century World's Fairs
Conclusion: Who Built the Cities?
Reviewing the Chapter
20. Dissent, Depression, and War, 18901900
Opening Vignette: The people create the Populist Party in 1892
The Farmers' Revolt
Documenting the American Promise: Voices of Protest
The Labor Wars
Women's Activism
Depression Politics
The United States and the World
War and Empire
Conclusion: Rallying around the Flag
Reviewing the Chapter
21. Progressivism from the Grass Roots to the White House, 18901916
Opening Vignette: Jane Addams founds Hull House
Grassroots Progressivism
Progressivism: Theory and Practice
Progressivism Finds a President: Theodore Roosevelt
The Promise of Technology: Flash Photography and the Birth of Photojournalism
Progressivism Stalled
Woodrow Wilson and Progressivism at High Tide
The Limits of Progressive Reform
Conclusion: The Transformation of the Liberal State
Reviewing the Chapter
22. World War I: The Progressive Crusade at Home and Abroad, 19141920
Opening Vignette: General Pershing struggles to protect the autonomy of the American Expeditionary Force
Woodrow Wilson and the World
"Over There"
The Crusade for Democracy at Home
A Compromised Peace
Democracy at Risk
Beyond America's Borders: Bolshevism
Conclusion: Troubled Crusade
Reviewing the Chapter
23. From New Era to Great Depression, 19201932
Opening Vignette: Henry Ford puts America on wheels
The New Era
The Promise of Technology: Better Living through Electricity
The Roaring Twenties
Resistance to Change
The Great Crash
Life in the Depression
Conclusion: Dazzle and Despair
Reviewing the Chapter
24. The New Deal Experiment, 19321939
Opening Vignette: The Bonus Army marches into Washington, D.C.
Franklin D. Roosevelt: A Patrician in Government
Launching the New Deal
Challenges to the New Deal
Historical Question: Huey Long: Demagogue or Champion of the Dispossessed?
Toward a Welfare State
The New Deal from Victory to Deadlock
Conclusion: Achievements and Limitations of the New Deal
Reviewing the Chapter
25. The United States and the Second World War, 19391945
Opening Vignette: Colonel Paul Tibbets drops the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan
Peacetime Dilemmas
The Onset of War
Mobilizing for War
Fighting Back
The Wartime Home Front
Beyond America's Borders: Nazi Anti-Semitism and the Atomic Bomb
Toward Unconditional Surrender
Conclusion: Allied Victory and America's Emergence as a Superpower
Reviewing the Chapter
26. Cold War Politics in the Truman Years, 19451953
Opening Vignette: Secretary of State Dean Acheson, President Truman's "good right hand"
From the Grand Alliance to Containment
Documenting the American Promise: The Emerging Cold War
Truman and the Fair Deal at Home
The Cold War Becomes Hot: Korea
Conclusion: The Cold War's Costs and Consequences
Reviewing the Chapter
27. The Politics and Culture of Abundance, 19521960
Opening Vignette: Vice President Nixon and Russian Premier Khrushchev debate the merits of U.S. and Soviet societies
Eisenhower and the Politics of the "Middle Way"
Liberation Rhetoric and the Practice of Containment
New Work and Living Patterns in an Economy of Abundance
The Promise of Technology: Air-Conditioning
The Culture of Abundance
Emergence of a Civil Rights Movement
Conclusion: Peace and Prosperity Mask Unmet Challenges
Reviewing the Chapter
28. Reform, Rebellion, and Reaction, 19601974
Opening Vignette: Fannie Lou Hamer leads grassroots struggles of African Americans for voting rights and political empowerment
Liberalism at High Tide
The Second Reconstruction
A Multitude of Movements
The New Wave of Feminism
Beyond America's Borders: Transnational Feminisms
Liberal Reform in the Nixon Administration
Conclusion: Achievements and Limitations of Liberalism
Reviewing the Chapter
29. Vietnam and the Limits of Power, 19611975
Opening Vignette: American GIs arrive in Vietnam
New Frontiers in Foreign Policy
Lyndon Johnson's War against Communism
Historical Question: Why Couldn't the United States Bomb Its Way to Victory in Vietnam?
A Nation Polarized
Nixon, Dtente, and the Search for Peace in Vietnam
Nixon's Search for Peace with Honor in Vietnam
Conclusion: An Unwinnable War
Reviewing the Chapter
30. America Moves to the Right, 19691989
Opening Vignette: Phyllis Schlafly promotes conservatism
Nixon and the Rise of Postwar Conservatism
Constitutional Crisis and Restoration
The "Outsider" Presidency of Jimmy Carter
Ronald Reagan and the Conservative Ascendancy
Historical Question: Why Did the ERA Fail?
Continuing Struggles over Rights and the Environment
Ronald Reagan Confronts an "Evil Empire"
Conclusion: Reversing the Course of Government
Reviewing the Chapter
31. The End of the Cold War and the Challenges of Globalization: Since 1989
Opening Vignette: Colin Powell adjusts to a postCold War world
Domestic Stalemate and Global Upheaval: The Presidency of George H. W. Bush
The Clinton Administration's Search for the Middle Ground
Beyond America's Borders: Jobs in a Globalizing Era
The United States in a Globalizing World
President George W. Bush: Conservatism at Home and Radical Initiatives Abroad
Conclusion: Defining the Government's Role at Home and Abroad
Reviewing the Chapter
Appendices
I. Documents
II. Facts and Figures: Government, Economy, and Demographics
III. Research Resources in U.S. History
Glossary of Historical Vocabulary
Index