Includes bibliographical references (p. [333]-389) and indexes.
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
1. INTRODUCTION 3
Vampire Stories and Beyond 4
Explaining Behavior without Folklore 6
Kinds of "Why" Questions 9
Simple Rules, Complex Outcomes 11
Humans as Critters 12
2. RACING THE RED QUEEN: SELFISH GENES AND THEIR STRATEGIES 19
Whose Genes Count, and Why? Kin Selection 23
Summing Up the Basics: Assumptions and Objections 27
Novel Evolutionary Environments: Can the Principles Still Hold? 31
More than Ants or Peacocks: Lifetimes, Culture, Ecology and Variation 33
3. THE ECOLOGY OF SEX DIFFERENCES 35
Sex and Strategies 37
The Ecology of Being Male and Female 44
Mating Effort 47
Parental Effort 52
Variance in Reproductive Success: Mating versus Parental Strategists 53
4. SEX, STATUS, AND REPRODUCTION AMONG THE APES 57
The Ecology of Dominance and RS in Primates 58
Ecological Aspects of Mating Systems 60
Sex, Resources, and the Ecology of Human Reproduction 62
The Ecology of Human Mating Systems 66
The Ecology of Monogamy and Polyandry 74
5. SEX, RESOURCES, APPEARANCE, AND MATE CHOICE 77
What Men and Women Want 78
Beauty, Resources, and Mate Choice 83
Signals of Desirability and Their Manipulation 84
Who Can Choose? 88
6. SEX, RESOURCES, AND HUMAN LIFETIMES 92
Starting Out: Resource Striving in the Womb 95
What's a Mother to Do? Optimizing Maternal Effort among Offspring 96
Conflicts of Interest: Abortion, Infanticide, Abandonment Neglect 98
Sex Differences in Reproductive Lifetimes 102
Sex Differences in Senescence 110
7. SEX AND RESOURCE ECOLOGY IN TRADITIONAL AND HISTORICAL CULTURES 113
Sexual Divisions of Labor 113
Sex and Control of Resources 115
Men, Women, and Resources in Traditional and Historical Cultures 116
8. SEX, RESOURCES, AND FERTILITY IN TRANSITION 127
Nineteenth-Century Sweden 130
Sex, Resources, and Life Histories 135
Female Life Paths 139
Male Life Paths 140
Sex, Resources, and Fertility 142
Fertility Transitions: What, If Anything, Do They Mean? 144
9. NICE Guys CAN WIN -IN SOCIAL SPECIES, ANYWAY 146
Are We Lemmings? A Cautionary Tale 147
When and Why Do We Cooperate? 147
Simple Strategies in Winning Games 150
From Family to Dyads to Groups to Cultures 154
The Group Selection Muddle 155
Altruists or Good Neighbors? 160
Cooperation and Free-Riders 161
10. CONFLICTS, CULTURE, AND NATURAL SELECTION 163
Cooperation, Competition, and Groups 164
Working Out Our Conflicts: Moral Systems and Group Life 165
Intertwining Cultural and Natural Selection 168
Logically Inept, Socially Adept: The Social Contexts of Intelligence 176
11. SEX AND COMPLEX COALITIONS 181
Coalitions, Resources, and Reproduction 183
Sex and Human Coalitions 193
12. POLITICS AND REPRODUCTIVE COMPETITION 198
Men, Women, and Politics Cross-Culturally 200
Women in Politics: When Did It Pay? 209
13. SEX, RESOURCES, AND EARLY WARFARE 213
Resources and Conflict 214
Why Women Warriors Are Rare 216
War: Runaway Sexual Selection? 217
Other Biological Approaches to Understanding War 218
Intergroup Conflict in Other Species 221
Conflict in Preindustrial Societies 223
14. SOCIETAL COMPLEXITY AND THE ECOLOGY OF WAR 230
Greek Hoplites: Early "Western" Warriors? 233
The Ecology of Renaissance War 234
The Behavioral Ecology of Modern War 236
Disadvantaged Men in War 240
War and Reproductive Success Today 241
Proximate and Ultimate Causes of War: Evolutionary Novelty 241
15. WEALTH, FERTILITY, AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN FUTURE TENSE 245
Fertility, Consumption, and Sustainability: Weaving the Strands 247
Wealth, Fertility, and Consumption Today: Empirical Data 248
Wealth, Women's Age-Specific Fertility, and Women's Life Paths Today 250
An Evolutionary Perspective: Reducing Both Fertility and Consumption Is Novel 252
What's Missing in Current Strategies 253
Can New Strategies and Tactics Help 257
An Evolutionary Bottom Line 258
Notes 259
Glossary 323
References 333
Author Index 391
Subject Index 401
Taxonomic Index 409
Society/Social Group Index 411