Synopses & Reviews
An interdisciplinary investigation of the phenomenon of terrorism in its political, social, and economic context as it has occurred throughout the world from the nineteenth century to the present.
Acts of violence committed by terrorists have become a staple of news reports in modern times, from hijackings to bombings, kidnappings to assassinations. How are we to understand both the causes and the consequences of these disturbing events? The key, this volume of original essays shows, lies in linking terrorism to the different contexts—historical, political, social, and economic—in which it occurs.
The fourteen contributors to this volume—historians, political scientists, and sociologists—provide the expertise to explain the continuities and discontinuities in the development of this form of violent political action in a variety of contexts. They link terrorism to the pattern of relations between state and society and between government and oppositions. Their studies range from the early manifestations of terrorism in revolutionary Russia and the anarchist movements of Western Europe and the United States in the late nineteenth century up to the terrorism still ongoing in Latin America and the Middle East. A section on left-wing terrorism covers the activities of the Italian Red Brigades and German Red Army Faction in the 1960s and 1970s, the urban guerrilla warfare in Argentina in the 1970s, and the rise of Sendero Luminoso in Peru during the 1980s and 1990s. Another section deals with terrorism arising from conflicts in divided societies—by Basques in Spain, the IRA in Northern Ireland, and Sikhs in India. The last major section considers terrorism as it has been linked to the establishment of nation-states in Algeria, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and the effort of Iran to export its Islamic revolution throughout the Middle East.
The Introduction sets the stage for the individual case studies by outlining an approach to analyzing terrorism in different historical contexts, and the Conclusion by French sociologist Michel Wieviorka highlights some of the common themes that emerge from the case studies and addresses their implications for further research.
About the Author
Martha Crenshaw is Professor of Government at Wesleyan University, author of Revolutionary Terrorism: The FLN in Algeria, 1954–1962 (1978), and editor of Terrorism, Legitimacy, and Power (1983).
Table of Contents
Contents1. Thoughts on Relating Terrorism to Historical Contexts Martha Crenshaw
2. The Intellectual Origins of Modern Terrorism in Europe
Martin A. Miller
3. Russian Revolutionary Terrorism
Philip Pomper
4. Left-Wing Terrorism in Italy
Donatella della Porta
5. West German Left-Wing Terrorism
Peter H. Merkl
6. Political Violence in Argentina: Guerrillas, Terrorists, and Carapintadas
Richard Gillespie
7. The Revolutionary Terrorism of Peru's Shining Path
David Scott Palmer
8. The Culture of Paramilitarism in Ireland
Charles Townshend
9. Political Violence and Terrorism in India: The Crisis of Identity
Paul Wallace
10. Political Violence in a Democratic State: Basque Terrorism in Spain
Goldie Shabad and Francisco Jose Llera Ramo
11. The Effectiveness of Terrorism in the Algerian War
Martha Crenshaw
12. Terrorism in the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Targets and Audiences
Ian S. Lustick
13. Terrorism and Politics in Iran
Jerrold D. Green
14. Terrorism in the Context of Academic Research
Michel Wieviorka