Chapter 1
The Fundamentals of Writing: Audience and Purpose
The Audience
Fulfilling Audience Expectations
Some Differences Between Written and Spoken English
“Voice” in Written English
Writing Conventions: The Paragraph Form
Purposes for Writing
General and Specific
Focus Choosing “A Piece of the Pie”
Using memorable Detail
Telling and Showing
The Topic Sentence and Controlling Ideas
Writing the Topic Sentence
Writing a Point paragraph Outline
The Function of Second Sentences
Second Sentences for More Focused Paragraph Topics
The Paragraph and Academic Examinations
Writing Strategies
The Paragraph and the Essay
Chapter 2
Making Decisions in the Writing Process: Developing and Supporting Ideas
Strategies for Collecting Information
Listing
Brainstorming (and Revising)
Clustering
Outlining
Supporting Techniques
Facts
Physical Description
Examples
Personal Experience
Methods of Development
Process
Extended Definition
Comparison-Contrast
Decision-Making for Writers
Expanding a Paragraph into an Essay
Chapter 3
Planning the Essay: Explaining an Academic Topic
Drafting
Overall Organization of the Academic Essay
The Explaining Essay
Selecting a Topic
Pre-Writing for the Essay
Audience Analysis
The Optional Background Paragraph
Titles for Academic Essays
The Thesis Statement
Thesis Statements of Opinion and/or Intent
Diagram of the Academic Essay
Diagram of the Academic Essay
Paragraph Relationships
The Essay Map
Writing Conventions for the Academic Essay
The Introduction
The Body of the Essay
Using Citations in Academic Essays
The Conclusion
Writing a Memo
Chapter 4
Introduction to Academic Research: The Investigating Report
Using Sources for Research
Surveys and Interviews
Organization of the Research Report
Using the World Wide Web (WWW)
Introduction to the Web
Developing Keywords
Searching the Web with URLs
Citing WWW Material
Using Nontext Materials in Academic Writing
Selecting Nontext Materials
Citing Nontext Materials
Interviewing an Authority
Preparing for the Interview
Conducting the Interview
Using Interview Information
Coherence and Cohesion in Academic Essays
Using Transitions
Using Paragraph Hooks
Revision
Revision Plans
The Oral Report
Preparing for an Oral Presentation
Chapter 5
Academic Written Responses: Summary and Analysis
Summary Writing
Writing Conventions for a Summary
Characteristics of a Successful Summary
Evaluation of the Summary
Analysis
Writing a Short Analytic Report
Writing Analyses of Written Material
Revising and Editing Essay Drafts
Writing Academic Summary-Analyses Assignments
Differences Between Summary-Analysis Essays and Other Academic Essays
Written Summaries and Analyses of Academic Research
Writing the Summary-Analysis of a Research Report
Writing an Annotated Bibliography
Writing the Literature Review
Ration of Summary to Analysis in Academic Assignments
Discipline-Specific Citation Formats
Chapter 6
Persuading an Audience: The Arguing Essay
Persuasion in Academic Writing
Argument
Audience Analysis
Oral Arguments
Written Arguments
Selecting an Argumentative Topic
Planning the Arguing Essay
The Thesis Statement in Argumentation
“Voice” in the Arguing Essay
Organizing the Arguing Essay
The Title for the Arguing Essay
The Optional Background Paragraph
Refuting the Counter-Argument(s)
Using Rogerian Argument
Overall Organizational Structures for the Arguing Essay
Plan A
Plan B
Plan C
Writing an Essay Map
What Kinds of Evidence, and How Much?
Paraphrasing or Quoting Sources
Logical Fallacies
Credibility of Authors and Student Writers
Student Samples: Arguing Essays
Chapter 7
Evaluating in Academic Writing: The Problem-Solution Essay
Evaluating
Evaluation Processes
Evaluating in Academic Writing
The Problem-Solution Essay
Preparing to Write the Problem-Solution Essay
Audience Analysis
Demonstrating That the Problem Exists
Using Heading
Using Sources in Academic Research
Using Interview Information in Research
Designing and Administering a Survey for Research Information
Reporting Survey Results
Evaluating Sources
Writing Conventions for the problem-Solution Essay
Feasibility Analysis of Alternative Solution
Writing Feasibility Analysis Paragraphs
Implementation of the Recommended Solution
Persuading the Audience
Sending the Problem-Solution Essay
Chapter 8
Using and Evaluating Library Sources: The Academic Research Paper
Preparing to Write
Developing a Time Line for the Research paper
Student Suggestions for Research
Pre-Writing
Identifying Necessary Library Sources
Strategies for Taking Notes from Library Research Materials
Strategies for Drafting the Academic Research Paper
Writing Conventions for the Academic Research Paper
Plagiarism
Preparing to Use the Library
Going to the Library
The Library of Congress System
Understanding Periodicals
Library Etiquette
Using the Online Catalog
Online Search Strategies for Library Research
Searching the Online Catalog
Using Printed Indexes to Identify Magazine/Journal Articles
Identifying Magazine/Journal Databases Online
Locating Library Sources
Locating Books in the Stacks
Locating Periodicals (Magazines, Journals)
Identifying and Locating Sources on the Web
Disadvantages of WWW Resources
Evaluating Library Sources
Evaluating WWW Sources
Student Samples: Research papers
Chapter 9
Grammatical Explanations and Exercises
Verb problems
Passive Voice
Active Voice Verbs
Report Verbs
Parallel Structure
Sentence Structure and Sentence Combining
Clauses and Phrases
Sentence Structure Rules
Joining Independent Clauses
Sentence Combining and Punctuation
Using Colons
Using Quotation Marks
Diction
Precision in Diction
Confusing Words
Prepositions
Phrasal Verbs
Editing
Resources for Effective Editing Skills
Appendix A Citation
What to Cite and Why
General Rules for APA Format
APA for In-Text Citations
APA for End-of-Text Citations
Citation of Internet (World Wide Web) Sources
Problems with WWW Resources
Discipline-Specific Citation Styles
Using Citations
Appendix B Surveys
Perceptual Learning Style Preference Survey
Learning Style Preferences Self-Scoring Sheet
Explanation of Learning Style Preferences
Student-Generated Inventory for Secondary Level and Young Adult Learners
Type A/Type B Personality Inventory
Interpreting Your Results
Appendix C The Résumé and the Application Letter
The Résumé
Using Action Verbs
Starting the Objective
Résumé Appearance
Information to Include
Online RésumésThe Application Letter