Part I: BeginningsChapter 1: Introduction
Defining Development
Science
Diversity
Connections between Change and Time
Dynamic Systems Theory
Five Characteristics of Development
Multidirectional
Multicontextual
Multicultural
Issues and Applications: “My Name Wasnt Mary”
Multidisciplinary
Plasticity
A Case to Study: My Nephew David
Developmental Study as a Science
Steps of the Scientific Method
Ways to Test Hypotheses
Studying Change Over Time
Cautions from Science
Correlation and Causation
Quantity and Quality
Ethics
· New subsection “Defining Development” discusses the three crucial elements of the science of human development
· Increased focus on dynamic systems theory
· Issues and Applications: “My Name Wasnt Mary,” about the childhood of poet Maya Angelou
· New coverage of mirror neurons
· New discussion of quantitative vs. qualitative research
· New discussion of protection of research participants. Chapter 2: Theories of Development
What Theories Do
Grand Theories
Psychoanalytic Theory
Behaviorism
Thinking Like a Scientist: Whats a Mother For?
Cognitive Theory
Emergent Theories
Sociocultural Theory
Epigenetic Theory
In Person: My Beautiful, Hairless Babies
What Theories Contribute
The Nature-Nurture Controversy
No Answers Yet
· Expanded, updated coverage of epigenetic theory.
· Extensively revised discussion of selective adaptation with new examples.
· New subsection on nature-nurture interaction Chapter 3: Heredity and Environment
The Genetic Code
What Genes Are
The Beginnings of Life
Issues and Applications: Too Many Boys?
From One Cell to Many
New Cells, New Functions
Gene-Gene Interactions
More Complications
Issues and Applications: Ethical Dilemmas of Assisted Reproduction
From Genotype to Phenotype
Addiction
Visual Acuity
Practical Applications
Chromosomal and Genetic Abnormalities
Not Exactly 46 Chromosomes
Genetic Counseling and Testing
Issues and Applications: Abort Everyone but a Dwarf?
·Expanded discussion of identical twins
· New coverage of cloning.
· New coverage of infertility and assisted reproductive technology, including In Person: “I Am Not Happy with Me,” about in vitro fertilization.
· New subsection “Visual Acuity,” on genetic and cultural factors in nearsightedness.
· New coverage of type 2 diabetes epidemic. Chapter 4: Prenatal Development and Birth
From Zygote to Newborn
Germinal: The First 14 Days
Embryo: From the Third Through the Eighth Month
Fetus: From the Ninth Week Until Birth
Risk Reduction
Determining Risk
Protective Measures
Thinking Like a Scientist: Too Slow?
Benefits of Prenatal Care
A Case to Study: “What Do People Live to Do?”
A Case to Study: “What Does That Say About Me?”
The Birth Process
The Newborns First Minutes
Variations in Birth
Complications
Social Support
A Case to Study: “Throw Him in a Dumpster”
· Updated data on preterm births.
· New subsection “Protective Measures,” on reducing the risks of teratogens.
· New subsection “Benefits of Prenatal Care,” focusing on diagnostic testing.
· Expanded coverage of anoxia, with a new subsection.
· Expanded and updated coverage of low birthweight.
· New: A Case to Study: What Does That Say About Me?
Part II: The First Two Years
Chapter 5: The First Two Years: Biosocial Development
Body Changes
Body Size
Sleep
Brain Development
Connections in the Brain
Experience Enhances the Brain
Usual and Unexpected Experiences
Implications for Caregivers
Thinking Like a Scientist: Plasticity and Orphans
Senses and Motor Skills
Sensation and Perception
Hearing
Seeing
Tasting, Smelling, and Touching
Motor Skills
Ethnic Variations
In Person: The Normal Berger Babies
Public Health Measures
Immunization
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Issues and Applications: Customs and Advice
Nutrition
·New coverage of co-sleeping
·New subsection “Implications for Caregivers,” covering self-righting, plasticity, and sensitive periods in brain development.
·Expanded coverage of infant reflexes, walking, immunization; and breast feeding.
Chapter 6: The First Two Years: Cognitive Development
Sensorimotor Intelligence
Stages One and Two: Primary Circular Reactions
Stages Three and Four: Secondary Circular Reactions
Thinking Like a Scientist: Object Permanence Revisited
Stages Five and Six: Tertiary Circular Reactions
Piaget and Research Methods
Information Processing
Affordances
Memory