This book details the history of the Jews, their two-millennia-old struggle with a larger Christian world, and the historical anti-Semitism that created the environment that helped pave the way for the Holocaust. It helps students develop the interpretative skills in the fields of history and law.
"The Holocaust: Roots, History, and Aftermath takes a fresh, probing look at one of the greatest human tragedies in modern history. Author David M. Crowe begins with a detailed overview of the history"
Preface Introduction
1 Jewish History: Ancient Beginnings and the Evolution of Christian Anti-Judaic Prejudice Through the Reformation
Jewish Beginnings
The Jews, Hellenism, and the Maccabean (Hasmonean) Rebellion
Roots of Anti-Jewish Sentiment: The Jewish-Greek Conflict
Judaism, Jews, and the Coming of Christianity
The Jewish War and the Great Revolt (6670 C.E.)
Judaism, Christianity, and the Bar Kochba Rebellion
Constantine, Christianity, and the Jews
Jews in the Last Century of the Western Roman Empire
Jews in Early Medieval Europe and the Byzantine Empire
The Crusades and the Jews of the Mediterranean World
Pope Innocent III and the Jews
Medieval Usury: Christians and Jews
The Myth of Ritual Murder
The Deadly Centuries: The Jews at the End of the Middle Ages
The Expulsion of the Jews from Western Europe
The Black Death
The Final Humiliation: Expulsion from Spain and Portugal
The Protestant Reformation
The Roman Catholic Church, the Jews, and the Counter
Reformation
Conclusion
Sources for Further Study and Research
2 Jews, the Enlightenment, Emancipation, and the Rise of Racial Anti-Semitism Through the Early Twentieth Century
The Jews in Post-Reformation Europe
The Enlightenment
The French Revolutions of 17891799, Napoleon I, and the Jews
The Jews in Post-Napoleonic Europe
The Intellectual and Nationalistic Origins of Anti-Semitism in the Nineteenth Century
Political Anti-Semitism in Germany, Austria, France, and Russia Prior to World War I
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
Conclusion
Sources for Further Study and Research
3 The World of Adolf Hitler, 18891933: War, Politics, and Anti-Semitism
Adolf Hitler: Family Roots and Questions of Jewish Ancestry
Hitlers Early Life
Hitlers Vienna Years
Hitler, Munich, and German Anti-Semitism
Hitler and World War I
Hitler, Versailles, and the Early Weimar Republic
Hitler, the Early Nazi Party, and Anti-Semitism
Conclusion
Sources for Further Study and Research
4 The Nazis in Power, 19331939: Eugenics, Race, and Biology; Jews, the Handicapped, and the Roma
Germanys Interwar Jewish Community
The Nazification of Germany and the Jewish Question”: 19331935
The Nuremberg Laws
The Nazi Aryan Olympics (1936)
Aryanization and the Road to Kristallnacht
The Early Campaign of Forced Sterilization
Euthanasia: Theory and Nazi Practice
The Roma (Gypsies)
Homosexuals, or Gays
Conclusion
Sources for Further Study and Research
5 Nazi Germany at War, 19391941: Euthanasia” and the Handicapped; Ghettos and Jews
Childrens Euthanasia” Program
Adult Euthanasia” Program
The Road to War and the German Invasion of Poland
Racial War in Poland: Polish Christians
The Creation of the General Government: Nazi Germanys
Racial Laboratory”
The Jews in Interwar Poland
The War Against the Jews in Poland
The Physical and Economic Exploitation of the Jews in the
General Government
The Nisko Plan, the Lublin Reservation, and Madagascar
The Madagascar Plan
The Creation of the Ghettos in German-Occupied Poland
Lodz (Litzmannstadt): Jews and Roma
Warsaw
Kraków (Cracow)
Rule, Life, and Work in the Kraków Ghetto
Forced Labor and Food
Conclusion
Sources for Further Study and Research
6 The Invasion of the Soviet Union and the Path to the Final Solution”
Jews in Soviet-Conquered Territory
Zwartendijk and Sugihara: Righteous Gentiles in Vilnius
Operation Barbarossa and Plans for Mass Murder
The Einsatzgruppen
The Wehrmacht
The German Invasion of the Soviet Union
Early German Killing Operations in the Soviet Union
Collaboration in Latvia, Lithuania, and Ukraine
Hungarian and Romanian Collaboration
The Roma and the Handicapped
Conclusion
Sources for Further Study and Research
7 The Final Solution,” 19411944: Death Camps and Experiments with Mass Murder
Planning for the Final Solution
The Transfers from the Greater Reich
Theresienstadt
Experiments with the Machinery of Death
The Wannsee Conference
The Final Solution
Chelmno
The Aktion Reinhard Death Camps: Belzec, Sobibór, and
Treblinka
Auschwitz
The Factory of Death: Auschwitz II-Birkenau
The Gypsy Family Camp
Medical Experiments in Auschwitz I and II
Auschwitz III-Buna/Monowitz
Resistance in Auschwitz
Majdanek
Liquidation of the Major Ghettos
Conclusion
Sources for Further Study and Research
8 The Final Solution in Western Europe and the Nazi-Allied States
The Holocaust in Western Europe
Belgium and Luxembourg
Denmark
France
Greece
The Netherlands
Norway
The Nazi-Allied States
Bulgaria
Finland
Hungary
Italy
Protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia and Slovakia
The Roma in the Protectorate
Slovakia
The Roma
Romania
The Roma
Yugoslavia (Croatia and Serbia)
The NDH (Croatia)
Serbia
Conclusion
Sources for Further Study and Research
9 The Holocaust and the Role of Europes Neutrals: Then and Now
Europes Neutrals
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
The Vatican
Conclusion
Sources for Further Study and Research
10 Liberation, DPs, and the Search for Justice: War Crimes Investigations and Trials in Europe, the United States, and Israel
Liberation of the Camps
Displaced Persons: Jews and Roma
The Trials of the Major War Criminals
The Federal Republic of Germany
War Crimes Investigations and Trials in Western Europe
War Crimes Trials in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union
Conclusion
Sources for Further Study and Research
Glossary
Appendix AEstimates of Jewish Deaths During the Holocaust
Appendix BEstimates of Roma Deaths During the Holocaust
Appendix CYad Vashem: Righteous Among the Nations
Appendix DSS Ranks
Appendix EGerman Army Ranks
Notes
Index