Synopses & Reviews
Arm yourself with the knowledge and skills to succeed in today's challenging health care environment. Allow Math and Meds for Nurses to equip you with the tools to understand calculation through utilization of the three major methods: formula, ratio & proportion, and dimensional analysis. The second edition covers a breadth of dosage calculation topics, from measuring systems to intravenous medications. Special VIP (very important principle) boxes also teach important safety consideration such as prevention of medication errors.
Synopsis
Arm yourself with the knowledge and skills to succeed in today
About the Author
Norma Evcolaro-O'Neil is a Professor Emeritus at Nassau Community College in Garden City, New York.
Table of Contents
UNIT 1 REVIEW OF BASIC MATHEMATICS RELATED TO DOSAGE COMPUTATION 1: Chapter 1 Pretest in the Mathematics Involved in Dosage Computation 2. Answers to Pretest 7. Chapter 2 Roman Numerals 9. General Information 9. Chapter 3 Fractions 13 General Information 13 Proper and Improper Fractions and Mixed Numbers 18 Changing the Form of Fractions 21 Finding the Least Common Denominator 23 Adding and Subtracting Fractions 26 Adding and Subtracting Mixed Numbers 30 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions 34 Multiplying and Dividing Mixed Numbers 37 Chapter 4 Decimals 41 General Information 41 Changing the Form of Decimals 43 Adding and Subtracting Decimals 45 Multiplying and Dividing Decimals 48 Converting Fractions to Decimals and Decimals to Fractions 51 Chapter 5 Percents 54 General Information 54 Converting Between Percents and Decimals 55 Converting Between Percents and Fractions 57 Determining Percents 59 Chapter 6 Ratio 62 General Information 62 Chapter 7 Proportion 67 General Information 67 Solving for an Unknown Term 70 Chapter 8 Posttest in the Mathematics Involved in Dosage Computation 73 Answers to Posttest 78 UNIT 2 SYSTEMS OF MEASUREMENT 81 Chapter 9 Celsius (Centigrade) and Fahrenheit Temperature Scales 82 General Information 82 Converting Between Fahrenheit and Celsius Temperature Scales 83 Chapter 10 The Household System 87 General Information 87 Chapter 11 The Apothecaries? System 90 General Information 90 Chapter 12 The Metric System 94 General Information 94 Chapter 13 Determining Equivalents and Converting Between the Systems of Measurement 99 General Information 99 Converting Between the Measures of Weight in the Metric and Apothecaries? Systems 100 Converting Between the Measures of Volume (Liquid) in the Metric and Apothecaries? Systems 104 Converting Between the Metric or Apothecaries? System of Measurement and the Household System 106 Contents ix UNIT 3 PREPARING FOR THE SAFE ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICATIONS 111 Chapter 14 Abbreviations Used in Administering Medications 112 General Information 112 Commonly Used Abbreviations 113 Chapter 15 Administering Medications and Interpreting Drug Labels 117 General Information 117 The Medication Label 119 UNIT 4 ORAL AND PARENTERAL MEDICATIONS 127 Chapter 16 Computing Oral Medications 128 General Information 128 Oral Medications 129 Ratio and Proportion Review 129 Setting Up the Proportion 130 Chapter 17 Computing Parenteral Medications 145 General Information 145 Setting Up the Proportion 147 Part 1 Premixed Parenteral Medications 147 Part 2 Reconstitution of Powdered Parenteral Medication 156 Part 3 Special Parenteral Medications 167 Heparin 167 Insulin 170 UNIT 5 INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS AND MEDICATIONS 197 Chapter 18 Intravenous Fluid Therapy and Computing Flow Rates 198 Common Abbreviations for Intravenous Solutions 198 General Information 199 Percentage Strength of Solutions 201 Infusion Sets 202 Flow Rate and Drop Factor 204 Determining Total Infusion Time 209 Manual and Electronic Infusion Delivery Devices 210 Chapter 19 Computing Intravenous Medications 218 General Information 218 Intravenous Medications 219 Chapter 20 Intravenous Medications for Adults in Special Situations 236 General Information 236 Weight-Based Medications (including Heparin) 237 Medication Dosage Based on Body Surface Area 240 Critical Care Intravenous Medications and Titration 243 x Contents UNIT 6 MEDICATION DOSAGES FOR INFANTS AND CHILDREN 253 Chapter 21 Computing Dosage for Infants and Children 254 General Information 255 Calculation of Dosage Using the Body Weight Method 255 Calculation of Dosage Using the Body Surface Area (BSA) Method 258 Determining Estimated Safe Dosages Based on Body Surface Area 260 UNIT 7 ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF CALCULATING DOSAGES 267 Chapter 22 Using the Formula Method 268 General Information 268 Setting Up the Formula 268 Chapter 23 Using Dimensional Analysis 277 General Information 277 Setting Up the Dimensional Equation 277 UNIT 8 APPLICATION AND REVIEW 285 Chapter 24 Medication Orders and Medication Records Applied to Clinical Situations 286 General Information 286 Application to Clinical Situations 308 Errors in the Administration of Medications 346 Chapter 25 Posttest in Computation of Drugs and Solutions 251 Answers to Posttest 361 Appendix Solutions for Self-Evaluation and Review Sets 365 Index 401