Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Coastal and Estuarine Studies, Volume 36.
The pollution of rivers, estuaries and the sea, the associated impact on these ecosystems and the effect on organisms, food-chains, water-supply and finally on man himself are becoming more and more recognized all over the world. Estuaries are often surrounded by highly industrialized and densely populated regions and, consequently, are particularly endangered by anthropogenic polluton. They act in a sense as a link between the limnetic and marine environments and are thus characterized by a variety of complex, mutually interacting physical, chemical and biological processes. A lot of the phenomena are not yet sufficiently understood. This makes efficient water quality management in estuaries a difficult task. The knowledge on the pollution loads that estuaries discharge into the sea is quite fragmentary. According to a recent compilation only 25% of the world-wide 260 major rivers discharging into the oceans are regularly monitored for water quality.
All over the world, the awareness of the increasing pollution of rivers, estuaries and the sea with its associated impact on these ecosystems, its effect on organisms, food-chains, water supply and finally on man himself is growing. Estuaries form a link between the limnetic and marine environments, characterized by a variety of complex processes. Most of these phenomena are not yet sufficiently understood, making efficient water quality management a difficult task. The volume has two main objectives: to present the latest information on current estuarine research and to elaborate fundamentals and criteria for planners and decision-makers in water quality management.
Chapter I. REVIEW ON ESTUARINE MATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Estuarine Water Quality Management: Planning, Organizing, Monitoring and Modelling
N.S. Grigg 3
Chapter II. ESTUARINE MODELLING
Progress in Estuarine Water Quality Modelling
W. van Leussen and J. Dronkers 13
Strategy of Current and Transport Modelling in Different Estuaries
J. Sundermann, K.C. Duwe, I. Nohren, K.D. Pfeiffer and Ye Longfei 25
Mathematical Modelling of Hydrodynamics in the Elbe Estuary
J. Krohn and K.C. Duwe 35
Modeling Wind-Induced Mixing and Transport in Estuaries and Lakes
Y.P. Sheng 41
Development of a Water Quality Model for the Patuxent Estuary
Wu-Seng Lung 49
Numerical Modeling of Suspended Sediment Dynamics in the Weser Estuary
G. Lang and M. Markofsky 55
Analysis of the Distribution of Suspended Particulate Matter,
Bacteria, Chlorophyll a and P04 in the Upper St. Lawrence Estuary, Using a Two-Dimensional Box Model
J. Painchaud, D. Lefaivre, D.-H. Tremblay and J.-C. Therriault 59
Calculation of Estuarine Contaminant Transport with Strong Particulate-Dissolved Partitioning
R.J. Uncles and J.A. Stephens 67
The Specification of Shear Stresses in Estuary Models
R.E. Lewis 73
Chapter III. INTEGRATED CONCEPTS, STRAGEGIES
The BILEX Concept - Research Supporting
Public Water Quality Surveillance in Estuaries
W. Michaeis 79
Waste Disposal and the Estuarine Environment
J. Orr, D.T.E. Hunt and T.J. Lack 89
Development of a Water Quality and Bio-Accumulation Model
for the Scheldt Estuary
G.Th.M. van Eck and N.M. de Rooij 95
Water Quality Management for the Hooghly Estuary
S.K. Bose, P. Ray and B.K. Dutta 105
Strategy for Estuarine Water Quality Management in Developing Countries: The Example of Nigeria (West Africa)
0. Ojo 111
Water Quality Including the Ecosystem
W. Greve 115
The Sensitivity-Survey - A Useful Decision-Aid for the Protection of the Mud-Flats in the German North Sea Coastal Region
H. Reincke 121
Chapter IV. WATER DYNAMICS AND TRANSPORT PROCESSES
A Study on the Transport of Dissolved and Particulate Matter through the Hamburg Harbour
H.-U. Fanger. J. tCappenberg and V. Manning 127
Tidal Asymmetry and Fine Suspended Sediment Transport in the Eastern Scheldt Tidal Basin (The Netherlands)
W.B.M. ten Brinke 135
Fluxes of Water, Solids and Metals through the Mersey Estuary (UK) as Measured by a Continuous Data Recording Station (MIDAS)
P.C. Head and P.D. Jones 141
Suspended Matter and Heavy Metal Transport in the Lower Elbe River under Different Flow Conditions
J. Kappenberg, H.-U. Fanger, V. Manning and A. Prange 147
Seasonal Variations of Mineralogical Composition and Heavy Metal Contamination of Suspended Matter in the River Elbe Estuary
M. Vollmer, B. Hudec, H.-D. Knauth and E. Schwedhelm 153
Suspended Matter in the Outer Elbe Estuary and in the Wadden Sea: Distribution and Transport
P.H. Koske 159
Investigations on Suspended Matter Transport Processes in Estuaries and Coastal Waters
W. Puis, M. Lobmeyr, A. Miiller, M. Schunemann and H. Kuhl 165
Statistical Properties of Turbulence in Estuaries
K. Oduyemi 173
Recent Developments in Large-Scale Tracing by Fluorescent Tracers
J. Suijlen and W. van Leussen 181
Transport of Rhodamine-B Following a Slug Release into the River Elbe above the Port of Hamburg
M. Kolb and H. Franz 189
Feasibility of Tracer Studies of Large Scale Cohesive-Sediment Transport
R. Spanhoff and J.M. Suijen 197
The Influence of a Salt Wedge and Tidal Flow Dynamics on Contaminant Pathways in the Fraser River Estuary, British Columbia
J.H. Carey 203
Chapter V. ESTUARINE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
The Hydrographic Measuring System HYDRA
H.-U. Fanger, J. Kappenberg, H. Kuhn, U. Maixner and D. Milferstaedt 211
Current Measurement in Estuaries by Electro-Magnetic Methods and DECCA-Drifters
T. Knutz, P. Koske and J. Rathlev 217
Acoustic Detection of Suspended Matter in Coastal Waters
B. Fahrentholz, U. Hentschke and P. Koske 221
Laser Fluorometer for the Detection of Rhodamine-B in Estuarine Waters
J. Jahnke and W. Michaelis 225
Quasi-Synoptic Uni-Sensor In-Situ 3D Current Measurements in Estuaries
R. Spanhoff, T. van Heuvel, J.C. Borst and H. Verbeek 229
Chemical Tracers - A New and Desirable Technique?
R. Spanhoff and J.M. Suijlen 235
Measurement of Suspended Loads in Streams by Means of Hydrocyclones
E. Renger 239
CHAPTER VI. SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE
Fluid-Mud Movement and Bed Formation Process with Density Current in Estuaries
T. Futawatari and T. Kusuda 245
Bell-Jar Experiments and Suspension Measurements for the Quantification of Oxygen Consumption and Nitrogen Conversion in Sediments of the Elbe Estuary
F. Schroeder, D. Klages and H.-D. Knauth 153
Phosphate Sorption Equilibrium at Sediment-Water Interfaces - Consequences for the Rehabilitation of Waters
G. Schlungbaum and G. Nausch 127
Denitrification: Elimination of Ammonia and Nitrate Nitrogen from Tidal Sediments
Th. Hopner, H. Ebrahimi, H. Glaus, A. Hemming, B. Krecke, I. Kutsche-Schmietenknoop, P. Lindenlaub and E. Wittrock 265
The Bed Shear Stress of an Annular Sea-Bed Flume
J.P.-Y. Maa 271
Particulate Contaminant Transport in Rivers - Modelling of Near Bed Exchange Processes
B. Westrich, J.M. Ham and Y. Kocher 277
Chapter VII. MONITORING
Lower Weser Monitoring and Modelling
A. Miiller, M. Grodd and H.-P. Weigel 285
Monitoring of Radioactivity in the Elbe Estuary
R.-O. Wi1 ken and R. Diehl 295
Regulations and Monitoring for the Discharge of Cooling Water and Radioactive Substances from a Nuclear Power Plant into the Weser Estuary
H. Kunz 301
Chapter VIII. NUTRIENTS AND OXYGEN BUDGET
Correlation of the Seasonal and Annual Variation of Phytoplankton Biomass in Dutch Coastal Waters of the North Sea with Rhine River Discharge
W.W.C. Gieskes and B.E.M. Schaub 311
Nutrient Variability in a Shallow Coastal Lagoon (Ria Formosa, Portugal)
M. Falcao and C. Vale 321
Seasonal Changes of Dissolved and Particulate Material in the Turbidity Zone of the River Elbe
U.H. Brockmann and A. Pfeiffer 327
Annual Flux Budget of Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients through a Well-Mixed Estuary
D. Baird and D. Winter 335
Studies on the Distribution of Oxygen and Nutrients in the Weser Estuary
I. Grabemann, H. Kuhle, B. Kunze, A. Miiller and L.J.R. Neumann 341
Management of Nitrate Loading in the Chao Phraya Estuary
P. Thimakorn 345
Chapter IX. BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Biological Processes in the Estuarine Environment
H. Kausch 353
A Massive Fish Kill Caused by an Anoxia on Brittany Coast (France) - Causes and Mechanisms
M. Merceron 363
Phytoplankton and Eutrophication Modelling in the Vilaine Bay
A. Chapelle 369
Monitoring the Bioavailability of Heavy Metals in Relation to the Sediment Pollution in the Weser Estuary (FRG)
M. Schirmer 377
Seasonal and Spatial Patterns of the Diatom Actinocyclus Normanii in the Weser Estuary (NW-Germany) in Relation to Environmental Factors
B. Schuchardt and M. Schirmer 85
The Importance of Stratification for the Development of Phytoplankton Blooms - A Simulation Study
G. Radach and A. Moll 389
Biomass and Production of Phytoplankton in the Elbe Estuary
T. Fast and L. Kies 395
Microphytobenthos in the Elbe Estuary: Biomass, Species Composition and Primary Production Measurements with Oxygen Microelectrodes
C. Gatje and L. Kies 127
Chapter X. WATER CHEMISTRY AND SPECIATION
Adsorption and Release Processes in Estuaries
W. Salomons and J. Bril 405
The Behaviour of Dissolved Cd, Cu and Zn in the Scheldt Estuary
J.J.G. Zwolsman and G.T.M. van Eck 413
Use of Nonvolatile Chlorinated Hydrocarbons as Anthropogenic Tracers for Estimating the Contribution of the Rivers Weser and Elbe to the Pollution of the German Bight
H.-D. Knauth and R. Sturm 421
Multielement Determination of Trace Elements in Estuarine Waters by TXRF and INAA
A. Prange, R. NiedergesaB and C. Schnier 429
High-Sensitive Determination of Element Traces by Means of X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis for Automatic Routine Measurements
H. Bruchertseifer and J.W. Leonhardt 437
Gradients of Trace Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Elbe Estuary
D. Schmidt 443
Chlorophenolics in the Fraser River and Estuary
R.J. Allan 449
An Intercomparison of Particulate Trace Metals from Four Large Estuaries
A. Turner, G.E. Millward, L. Karbe and M. Dembinski 455
Dissolved, Particulate and Sedimentary Mercury in the Cochin Estuary, Southwest Coast of India
P.P. Ouseph 461
SUBJECT INDEX 467
AUTHOR INDEX 475