Designed to make available some 280 seminal texts from the entire Christian tradition, cross-referenced and indexed for ease of reference. All readings prior to 1800 have been specially translated to ensure consistency of translation and ease of reading in English. Each chapter includes an introduction outlining historical and theological issues and thinkers, and the individual readings are prefaced with an introduction and followed where necessary by notes on translation and interpretation. Also included is a full glossary, suggestions for further reading and biographical details of theologians cited.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [408]-414) and index.
List of Study Panels.
Preface.
Approaching the Readings.
How to Use this Book.
Acknowledgments.
Part I: Getting Started: Preliminaries:.
1. Justin Martyr on Philosophy and Theology.
2. Clement of Alexandria on Philosophy and Theology.
3. Tertullian on the Relation of Philosophy and Heresy.
4. Augustine on Philosophy and Theology.
5. The Nicene Creed.
6. The Apostle's Creed.
7. Anselm of Canterbury's Proof for the Existence of God.
8. Gaunilo's Reply to Anselm's Argument.
9. Thomas Aquinas on Proofs for the Existence of God.
10. Thomas Aquinas on the Principle of Analogy.
11. Martin Luther on the Theology of the Cross.
12. John Calvin on the Nature of Faith.
13. The Heidelberg Catechism on Images of God.
14. John Locke on the Formation of the Concept of God.
15. Rene Descartes on the Existence of God.
16. Blaise Pascal on the Proofs for the Existence of God.
17. Blaise Pascal on the Hiddenness of God.
18. Immanuel Kant on Anselm's Ontological Argument.
19. John Henry Newman on the Gounds of Faith.
20. Karl Barth on the Nature and Task of Theology.
21. Ludwig Wittgenstein on Analogy.
22. Ludwig Wittgenstein on Proofs for the Existence of God.
23. Dietrich Bonhoffer on God in a Secular World.
24. Paul Tillich on the Method of Correlation.
25. Sallie McFague on Metaphor in Theology.
26. Gustavo Gutierrez on Theology as Critical Reflection.
27. Brian A. Gerrish on Accommodation in Calvin's Theology.
28. George Lindbeck on Postliberal Approaches to Doctrine.
Part II: The Sources of Theology:.
29. The Muratorian Fragment on the New Testament Canon.
30. Irenaeus on the Role of Tradition.
31. Clement of Alexandria on the Fourfold Interpretation of Scripture.
32. Hippolytus on Typological Interpretation of Scripture.
33. Tertullian on Tradition and Apostolic Succession.
34. Origen on the Three Ways of Reading Scripture.
35. Cyril of Jerusalem on the Role of Creeds.
36. Augustine on the Literal and Allegorical Senses of Scripture.
37. Jerome on the Role of Scripture.
38. Vincent of Lerins on the Role of Tradition.
39. Bernard of Clairvaux on the Allegorical Sense of Scripture.
40. Stephen Langton on the Moral Sense of Scripture.
41. Jacques Lefevre on d'Etaples on the Senses of the Scripture.
42. Martin Luther on the Fourfold Sense of the Scripture.
43. Martin Luther on Revelation in Christ.
44. John Calvin on the Natural Knowledge of God.
45. John Calvin on the Relation between Old and New Covenants.
46. The Gallic Confession on the Canon of Scripture.
47. The Formula of Concord on Scripture and the Theologians.
48. Philip Jakob Spener on Scripture and the Christian Life.
49. Nicholas Ludwig von Zinzendorf on Reason and Experience.
50. Johnathon Edwards on the Beauty of Creation.
51. Johan Adam Mohler on Tradition.
52. Archibald Alexander Hodge on the Inspiration of Scripture.
53. Karl Barth on Revelation as God's Self-Disclosure.
54. Emil Brunner on the Personal Nature of Revelation.
55. Rudolf Bultmann on Demythologization and Biblical Interpretation.
56. Karl Rahner on the Authority of Scripture.
57. Phyllis Tribble on Feminist Biblical Interpretation.
58. Donal G. Bloesch on Christological Approaches to Biblical Hermeneutics.
59. James I. Packer on the Nature of Revelation.
60. Thomas F. Torrance on Karl Barth's Natural Theology.
Part III: The Doctrine of God:.
61. Athenagoras of Athens on the Christian God.
62. Irenaeus on the Origin of Evil.
63. Irenaeus on the Trinity.
64. Tertullian on Creation from Pre-Existent Matter.
65. Origen on Creation from Pre-Existent Matter.
66. Origen on the Relation of God and Evil.
67. Origen on the Suffering of God.
68. Origen on the Changelessness of God.
69. Basil of Caeserea on the Work of the Holy Spirit.
70. Gregory of Nazianzen on the Gradual Revelation of the Trinity.
71. Hilary of Poitiers on the Trinity.
72. Augustine on the Trinity.
73. Augustine on the Relation of God and Evil.
74. Augustine on the Holy Spirit.
75. Epiphanius of Constantia on Sabellianism.
76. Cyril of Alexandria on the Role of the Holy Spirit.
77. Fulgentius of Ruspe on the Holy Spirit and Eucharist.
78. Anselm of Canterbury on the Compassion of God.
79. Richard of St Victor on Love within the Trinity.
80. Alexander of Hales on the Suffering of God in Christ.
81. Thomas Aquinas on Divine Omnipotence.
82. Julian of Norwich on God as our Mother.
83. William of Ockham on the Two Powers of God.
84. Thomas a Kempis on the Limits of Trinitarian Speculation.
85. John Owen on the Sovereignty of God.
86. Benedict Spinoza on the Impassibility of God.
87. F. D. E. Schleiermacher on the Trinity.
88. Karl Barth on the 'Otherness' of God.
89. Jurgen Moltmann on the Suffering of God.
90. Leonardo Boff on the Trinity as Good News for the Poor.
91. Robert Jensen on the Trinity.
92. Eberhard Jungel on the Crucified God.
93. Jacques Ellul on the Theology of Icons.
94. Paul Jewett on Non-Inclusive Language and the Trinity.
95. Anne Carr on Feminism and the Maleness of God.
Part IV: The Doctrine of the Trinity:.
96. Ignatius of Antioch on Docetism.
97. Iranaeus of Lyons on Gnosticism in Christology.
98. Tertullian on Patripassianism.
99. Tertullian on the Incarnation.
100. Origen on the Two Natures of Christ.
101. Arius on the Status of Christ.
102. Athanasius on the Two Natures of Christ.
103. Apollinairus of Laodicea on the Person of Christ.
104. Gregory of Nazianzus on Apollinarianism.
105. Nestorius on the Term "Theotokos".
106. Cyril of Alexandria on Nestorius's Christology.
107. Cyril of Alexandria on the Incarnation.
108. Cyril of Alexandria on Mary as Mother of God.
109. Leo the Great on the Two Natures.
110. The Chalcedonian Definition of the Christian Faith.
111. The Emperor Zeno on the Natures of Christ.
112. The Monophysites on the Natures of Christ.
113. John of Damascus on the Incarnation and Icons.
114. Gregory Palamas on the Divine Condescension in the Incarnation.
115. Martin Luther's Critique of Nestorianism.
116. Francois Turrettini on the Threefold Office of Christ.
117. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing on the Ditch of History.
118. F.D.E. Schleiermacher on the "Natural Heresies" of Christianity.
119. Martin Kahler on the Historical Jesus.
120. George Tyrrell on the Christ of Liberal Protestantism.
121. Albert Schweitzer on the Failure of the "Quest for the Historical Jesus".
122. Peter Taylor Forsyth on the Person of Christ.
123. Ernst Troeltsch on Faith and History.
124. Dorothy L. Sayers on Christology.
125. Paul Tillich on the Dispensability of the Historical Jesus.
126. Daphne Hampson on the Possibility of a Feminist Christology.
Part V: The Person of Christ:.
127. Irenaeus on the "Ransom" Theory of the Atonement.
128. Irenaeus on the "Recapitulation" in Christ.
129. Clement of Alexandria on Christ's Death as an Example of Love.
130. Athanasius on the Death of Christ.
131. Athanasius on the Relation of Christology and Soteriology.
132. Pseudo-Hippolytus on the Cosmic Dimensions of the Cross.
133. Rufinus of Aquileia on the "Mousetrap" Theory of the Atonement.
134. An Ancient Liturgy on Christ's Descent into Hell.
135. Simeon the New Theologian on Salvation as Deification.
136. Anselm of Canterbury on the Atonement.
137. Peter Abelard on the Love of Christ in Redemption.
138. Hugh of St. Victor on the Death of Christ.
139. Thomas Aquinas on the Satisfaction of Christ.
140. Nicholas Cabasilas on the Death of Christ.
141. John Calvin on the Grounds of Redemption.
142. The Socinian Critique of the Idea of Satisfaction.
143. John Donne on the Work of Christ.
144. George Herbert on the Death of Christ and Redemption.
145. Charles Wesley on Salvation of Christ.
146. F.D.E. Schleiermacher on Christ as a Charismatic Leader.
147. F.D.E. Schleiermacher on Christology and Soteriology.
148. Charles Gore on the Relation of Christology and Soteriology.
149. Hastings Rashdall on Christ as a Moral Example.
150. Gustaf Aulen on the Classic Theory of Atonement.
151. Vladamir Lossky on Redemption as Deification.
152. Wolfhart Pannenberg on Soteriological Approaches to Christology.
153. James I. Packer on Penal Substitution.
154. Colin E. Gunton on the Language of Atonement.
Part VI: Faith and History:.
155. Irenaeus on Human Progress.
156. Tertullian on the Origin of Sin.
157. Tertullian on the Inherited Guilt.
158. Tertullian on the Image of God.
159. Origen on the Image of God.
160. Origen on Inherited Sin.
161. Lactantius on Political Aspects of the Image of God.
162. Ambrose on the Unmerited Character of Salvation.
163. Ambrosiaster on Original Sin.
164. Augustine on Divine Election.
165. Augustine on the Nature of Predestination.
166. Augustine on the "Mass of Perdition".
167. Augustine on Fallen Human Nature.
168. Augustine on Human Freedom.
169. Augustine on Irresistible Grace and Perseverance.
170. Augustine on Freedom and Grace.
171. Augustine's Saying which Alarmed Pelagius.
172. Pelagius on Human Responsibility.
173. Pelagius on Human Freedom.
174. Pleagius's Rejection of the Original Sin.
175. The Council of Carthage on Grace.
176. The Synod of Arles on Pelagianism.
177. John Scotus Eriugena on the Nature of Paradise.
178. Francis of Assisi on the Creation.
179. Thomas Aquinas on Grace.
180. Martin Luther's Discovery of the "Righteousness of God".
181. Martin Luther on Justifying Faith.
182. Martin Luther on Sin and Grace.
183. Philip Melanchthon on Justification by Faith.
184. John Calvin on Predestination.
185. John Calvin on Faith and the Promises of God.
186. John Calvin on the Concept of Justification.
187. The Council of Trent on Justification.
188. Theodore Beza on the Causes of Predestination.
189. James Ussher on the Grounds of Assurance.
190. The Westminster Confession of Faith on Predestination.
191. Nicolas Ludwig von Zinzendorf on Saving Faith.
192. Friedrich Christoph Oetinger on Conversion.
193. Jonathan Edwards on Original Sin.
194. John Wesley on Justification.
195. Emil Brunner on the Image of God.
196. Karl Barth on the Election in Christ.
197. Emil Brunner on Barth's Doctrine of Election.
198. Reinhold Niebuhr on Original Sin.
199. Daphne Hampson on Feminist Approaches to Sin.
200. Mary Hayter on Human Sexuality and the Image of God.
Part VII: The Church:.
201. Irenaeus on the Function of the Church.
202. Origen on the Church and Salvation.
203. Cyprian of Carthage on the Unity of the Church.
204. Petilian of Citra on the Purity of Ministers.
205. Cyril of Jerusalem on the Catholicity of the Church.
206. Leo the Great on Ministry within the Church.
207. Thomas Aquinas on the Catholicity of the Church.
208. Jan Hus on the Church.
209. Martin Luther on the Marks of the Church.
210. Martin Luther on Priests and Laity.
211. Philip Melanchthon on the Nature of Catholicity.
212. Sebastian Franck on the True Church.
213. The First Helvetic Confession on the Nature of the Church.
214. John Calvin on the Marks of the Church.
215. Richard Hooker on the Purity of the Church.
216. The Westminster Confession of Faith on the Church.
217. John Owen on the Nature of a Gospel Church.
218. F.D.E. Schleiermacher on the Curch as a Fellowship of Believers.
219. The Barmen Confession on the Identity of the Church.
220. John D. Zizioulas on Local and Universal Churches.
221. Leonardo Boff on the Nature of Local Churches.
222. Avery Dulles on the Meanings of "Catholicity".
Part VIII: Sacraments:.
223.Clement of Alexandria on Faith as Feeding on Christ.
224. Clement of Alexandria on the Results of Baptism.
225. Cyprian of Carthage on Heretical Baptism.
226. Cyril of Jerusalem on the Meaning of Baptism.
227. Cyril of Jerusalem on the Body and Blood of Christ.
228. Hilary of Poitiers on the Effects of Baptism.
229. Augustine on Donatist Approaches to the Sacraments.
230. Augustine on the "Right to Baptize".
231. John of Damascus on the Holy Spirit and Eucharist.
232. Paschasius Radbertus on the Real Presence.
233. Ratranmus of Corbie on the Real Presence.
234. Candidus of Fulda on "This is My Body".
235. Lanfranc of Bec on the Mystery of the Sacraments.
236. Hugh of St. Victor on the Definition of Sacrament.
237. Peter Lombard on the definition of a Sacrament.
238. Thomas Aquinas on Transubstantiation.
239. Martin Luther on the Number of Sacraments.
240. Martin Luther on the Doctrine of Transubstantiation.
241. Martin Luther on the Bread and Wine as a Testament.
242. Martin Luther on Baptism.
243. Philip Melanchthon on Sacramental Signs.
244. Kornelius Hendriks Hoen on "This is My Body".
245. Huldrych Zwingli on "This is My Body".
246. Huldrych Zwingli on the Nature of the Sacraments.
247. The First Helvetic Confession on the Efficacy of the Sacraments.
248. John Calvin on the Nature of the Sacraments.
249. Martin Brucer on the Sacraments.
250. The Council of Trent on Transubstantiation.
251. Theodore Beza on Sacramental Signs.
252. John Wesley on the Eucharist and Salvation.
Part IX: Christianity and Other Religions:.
253. Justin Martyr on Christianity Before Christ.
254. Ludwig Feuerbach on the Origins of Religion.
255. Karl Marx on Feuerbach's Views on Religion.
256. Karl Barth on Christianity and Religion.
257. Karl Rahner on Christianity and the Non-Christian Religions.
258. Vatican II on Non-Christian Religions.
259. Clark Pinnock on Pluralists and Christology.
260. John Hick on Complementary Pluralism.
261. C.S. Song on the Cross and the Lotus.
262. John B. Cobb Jr on Religious Pluralism.
263. Lesslie Newbigin on the Gospel in a Pluralist Culture.
Part X: Last Things:.
264. Irenaeus on the Final Restoration of Creation.
265. Theophilus of Antioch on Conditional Immortality.
266. Tertullian on Hell and Heaven.
267. Tertullian on the Millennium.
268. Origen of the Resurrection Body.
269. Methodius of Olympus on the Resurrection.
270. Cyril of Jerusalem on Prayers for the Dead.
271. John Chrysostom on Prayers for the Dead.
272. Gregory the Great on Purgatory.
273. Benedict XII on the Hope of Heaven.
274. Catherine of Genoa on Purgatory.
275. Jonathan Edwards on the Reality of Hell.
276. John Wesley on Universal Restoration.
277. Rudolf Bultmann on the Existential Interpretation of Eschatology.
278. Jurgen Moltmann on the Rediscovery of Eschatology.
279. Hans Urs von Balthasar on Hell.
280. Gabriel Fackre on the Last Things.
281. Philip E. Hughes on Everlasting Death.
Details of Theologians.
Details of Conciliar, Creedal, and Confessional Material.
A Glossary of Theological Terms.
Suggestions for Further Reading.
Theological Timeline.
Index.