Synopses & Reviews
Recent acts of terrorism in Britain and Europe and the events of 9/11 in the United States have greatly influenced immigration, security, and integration policies in these countries. Yet many of the current practices surrounding these issues were developed decades ago, and are ill-suited to the dynamics of today's global economies and immigration patterns.
At the core of much policy debate is the inherent paradox whereby immigrant populations are frequently perceived as posing a potential security threat yet bolster economies by providing an inexpensive workforce. Strict attention to border controls and immigration quotas has diverted focus away from perhaps the most significant dilemma: the integration of existing immigrant groups. Often restricted in their civil and political rights and targets of xenophobia, racial profiling, and discrimination, immigrants are unable or unwilling to integrate into the population. These factors breed distrust, disenfranchisement, and hatred-factors that potentially engender radicalization and can even threaten internal security.
The contributors compare policies on these issues at three relational levels: between individual EU nations and the U.S., between the EU and U.S., and among EU nations. What emerges is a timely and critical examination of the variations and contradictions in policy at each level of interaction and how different agencies and different nations often work in opposition to each other with self-defeating results. While the contributors differ on courses of action, they offer fresh perspectives, some examining significant case studies and laying the groundwork for future debate on these crucial issues.
Review
“This book provides an invaluable multidisciplinary assessment of the relationship of two central concerns of the twenty-first century: identity and security. The key thinkers in both these fields from the U.S. and Europe are included here, making this book an outstanding contribution to the field.”
—Elspeth Guild, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Review
“At a time of heightened insecurity, immigration and social cohesion policies are being reconceived around the world. This path-breaking interdisciplinary study clears the analytical underbrush and prepares the way for rational reforms. It should be read by policy professionals, as well as by scholars and students seeking a deeper understanding of rapidly changing political and social environments.”
—Louis W. Pauly, University of Toronto
Review
andquot;A must-read for anyone interested in immigration, integration, and security since [September 11, 2001].andquot;
Synopsis
Americaandrsquo;s approach to terrorism has focused on traditional national security methods under the assumption that terrorismandrsquo;s roots are foreign and the solution to greater security lies in conventional military practices. Europe offers a different model, with its response to internal terrorism relying on police procedures. Managing Ethnic Diversity after 9/11 compares these strategies and considers that both may have engendered greater radicalizationandmdash;and a greater chance of home-grown terrorism.
Synopsis
America's approach to terrorism has focused on traditional national security methods, under the assumption that terrorism's roots are foreign and the solution to greater security lies in conventional practices. Europe offers a different model, with its response to internal terrorism relying on police procedures.
Managing Ethnic Diversity after 9/11 compares these two strategies and considers that both may have engendered greater radicalization--and a greater chance of home-grown terrorism. Essays address how transatlantic countries, including the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, and the Netherlands have integrated ethnic minorities, especially Arabs and Muslims, since 9/11. Discussing the andquot;securitization of integration,andquot; contributors argue that the neglect of civil integration has challenged the rights of these minorities and has made greater security more remote.
About the Author
Ariane Chebel d'Appollonia is associate senior researcher at the CEVIPOF/Center for Political Research and codirector of the ISI Immigration Research Network. She teaches at the Institut d'Etudes Politiques (Sciences Po, Paris) and has held appointments at universities in France (Paris III-Sorbonne) and the United States (New York University). She has served as a Fulbright Transatlantic Chair at the University of Pittsburgh and as the Buffet Visiting Chaired Professor at Northwestern University. She is the author of
Les racismes ordinaires, L'extrême-droite en France de Maurras à Le Pen and Histoire politique des intellectuels en France (in two volumes).
Simon Reich is professor in the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs and director of the Ford Institute for Human Security at the University of Pittsburgh. He is the author of The Fruits of Fascism: Postwar Prosperity in Historical Perspective, coauthor of The Myth of the Global Corporation and The German Predicament: Memory and Power in the New Europe, and coeditor of Human Trafficking, Human Security, and the Balkans.
Table of Contents
1 Quandaries of Integration in America and Europe: An Introduction 1
ARIANE CHEBEL Dandrsquo;APPOLLONIA AND SIMON REICH
2 Security and/or Participation: On the Need to Reconcile Differing Conceptions of Migrant Integration 20
PATRICK IRELAND
3 Security and the Integration of Immigrants in Europe and the United States 40
CHRISTOPHER RUDOLPH
4 Security and Antiterror Policies in America and Europe 59
JOHN TIRMAN
5 Integration, Security, and Faith Identity in Social Policy in Britain 79
TUFYAL CHOUDHURY
6 The Clash of Perceptions: Comparison of Views among Muslims in Paris, London, and Berlin with Those among the General Public 98
ZSOLT NYIRI
7 How to Make Enemies: A Transatlantic Perspective on the Radicalization Process and Integration Issues 114
ARIANE CHEBEL Dandrsquo;APPOLLONIA
8 Security and Immigrant Integration Policy in France and the United States: Evaluating Convergence and Success 137
MARTIN A. SCHAIN
9 Toward a European Policy of Integration? Divergence and Convergence of Immigrant Integration Policy in Britain and France 165
ROMAIN GARBAYE
10 Typologizing Discriminatory Practices: Law Enforcement and Minorities in France, Italy, and the United States 178
FRANandCcedil;OIS BONNET
11 The Security Implications in the Demand for Health Care Workers in the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands 192
LYNELLYN D. LONG
12 Asylees and Refugees: A Comparative Examination of Problems of Integration 212
CAROL BOHMER
13 Culturalization of Citizenship in the Netherlands 233
JAN WILLEM DUYVENDAK, MENNO HURENKAMP, AND EVELIEN TONKENS
14 Comparative Integration Contexts and Mexican Immigrant-Group Incorporation in the United States 253
FRANK D. BEAN, SUSAN K. BROWN, AND JAMES BACHMEIER
15 Conclusion: Lessons Learned and Their Policy Implications 276
ARIANE CHEBEL Dandrsquo;APPOLLONIA AND SIMON REICH