Synopses & Reviews
A HISTORY OF LATIN AMERICA By WILLIAM WARREN SWEET Professor of History, WITH MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS 1919, by WILLIAM WARREN SWEET CONTENTS CHAPTBB PAGE I. SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE BACKGROUND 7 II. PHYSICAL ASPECTS AND NATIVE RACES OF LATIN AMERICA 21 III. PORTUGUESE AND SPANISH EXPLORATION IN AMERICA 32 IV. THE COLONIZATION OF THE ISLANDS AND THE ISTHMUS 46 V. THE CONQUESTS OF MEXICO, PERU, AND CHILE . . 55-VI. THE FOUNDING OF THE AGRICULTURAL COLONIES OF SPAIN VENEZUELA, COLOMBIA, AND LA PLATA 75 VII. THE PORTUGUESE COLONIZATION OF BRAZIL 84 VTIL COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION 94 IX. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA 102 X. SOCIETY IN COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA 118 XI. Two HUNDRED YEARS OF SPANISH EULE IN AMERICA 129 XII. THE CAUSES OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN WARS FOR INDEPENDENCE 140 XIII. THE WARS FOR INDEPENDENCE 148 XIV. THE EMPIRE OF BRAZIL AND THE INDEPENDENCE OF MEXICO 165 XV. THE BACKWARD STATES AND THE MILITARY DICTATORS 176 XVI. THE RISE OF PROGRESSIVE SOUTH AMERICAN STATES 189 XVII. MEXICO AND THE CENTRAL AMERICAN STATES. . . 202 XVIII. THE GOVERNMENTS OF THE LATIN AMERICAN STATES . . 214 XIX. RACES AND SOCIETY m LATIN AMERICA 221 XX. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND INDUSTRIAL PROBLEMS 238 XXI. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND COMMERCE 253 ILLUSTRATIONS FACING FAGS FRONTISPIECE Bolivar, the Liberator of Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador FIRST GROUP 73 Cortes, the Conqueror of Mexico Montezuma II, the Emperor of Mexico Francisco Pizarro, the Conqueror of Peru Francisco de Miranda, the Father of Latin American Indepen dence San Martin, Liberator of Argentina, Chile, and Peru SECOND GROUP 200 Rosas, the Argentine Tyrant Jose Balmaceda, President of Chile, 1886-1891 Benito Juarez President ofMexico during the struggle against the French invasion Statue of Emperor Dom Pedro II of Brazil Porfirio Diaz, President of Mexico, 1876-1880 1884-1910 MAPS FACING PAGE SPAIN AT FOUR PERIODS 15 PHYSICAL MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA 22 VOYAGES OF COLUMBUS 39 COLONIZATION OF THE ISLANDS AND THE ISTHMUS 50 MEXICO, 1519 60 PERU, 1522 68 AGRICULTURAL COLONIES OF SOUTH AMERICA 82 POLITICAL DIVISIONS OF COLONIAL LATIN AMERICA 136 NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN MOVEMENTS FOR INDEPENDENCE IN SOUTH AMERICA 156 MOVEMENTS FOR INDEPENDENCE IN MEXICO 170 SOUTH AMERICA 190 AGRICULTURE IN SOUTH AMERICA 240 AGRICULTURE IN MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA 243 MINERALS OF SOUTH AMERICA 244 MINERALS OF MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA 245 RAILROADS OF SOUTH AMERICA 248 RAILROADS OF MEXICO 250 RAILROADS OF CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE ISLANDS 251 LATIN AMERICAN EXPORTS, 1913 and 1916 270 LATIN AMERICAN IMPORTS, 1913 and 1916 271 PREFACE THIS book, designed to meet the need for a suitable text in Latin American History, has grown out of a class-room experi ence, and has been prepared primarily for students and teachers. The author has had in mind, however, the many outside of schools and colleges who are seeking information about our neighbors to the South, and hopes that to this class of readers the book will have a large appeal. Believing it to be the better plan, reading references to easily obtainable books have been given at the end of each chapter, rather than a more complete bibliography containing books practically unobtainable. For this reason also only books in English have been cited. Thanks are due Professors McDonald, of Indiana University Katharine S. Alvord, of DePauw University and William T. Allison, of the University ofManitoba, all of whom read parts of the manuscript. w. w. s. Greencastle, Indiana, DePauw University, October 1, 1918.