"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz Foundation Topics
The ping and traceroute Commands
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
The ping Command and the ICMP Echo Request and Echo Reply
The Destination Unreachable ICMP Message
The Redirect ICMP Message
The ICMP Time Exceeded Message
The traceroute Command
Troubleshooting the Packet Forwarding Process
Isolating IP Routing Problems Related to Hosts
Isolating IP Routing Problems Related to Routers
Troubleshooting Scenario 1: Forward Route Problem
Troubleshooting Scenario 2: Reverse Route Problem
An Alternative Problem Isolation Process for Steps 3, 4, and 5
Troubleshooting Tools and Tips
Host Routing Tools and Perspectives
Host Troubleshooting Tips
LAN Switch IP Support
show ip route Reference
Interface Status
VLSM Issues
Recognizing When VLSM Is Used
Configuring Overlapping VLSM Subnets
Symptoms with Overlapping Subnets
VLSM Troubleshooting Summary
Discontiguous Networks and Autosummary
Access List Troubleshooting Tips
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All the Key Topics
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory
Definitions of Key Terms
Part III: Routing Protocols Configuration and Troubleshooting
Chapter 8 Routing Protocol Theory
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz
Foundation Topics
Dynamic Routing Protocol Overview
Routing Protocol Functions
Interior and Exterior Routing Protocols
Comparing IGPs
IGP Routing Protocol Algorithms
Metrics
IGP Comparisons: Summary
Administrative Distance
Distance Vector Routing Protocol Features
The Concept of a Distance and a Vector
Distance Vector Operation in a Stable Network
Distance Vector Loop Prevention
Route Poisoning
Problem: Counting to Infinity over a Single Link
Split Horizon
Poison Reverse and Triggered Updates
Problem: Counting to Infinity in a Redundant Network
The Holddown Process and Holddown Timer
Distance Vector Summary
Link-State Routing Protocol Features
Building the Same LSDB on Every Router
Applying Dijkstra SPF Math to Find the Best Routes
Convergence with Link-State Protocols
Summary and Comparisons to Distance Vector Protocols
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All the Key Topics
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory
Definitions of Key Terms
Command Reference to Check Your Memory
Chapter 9 OSPF
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz
Foundation Topics
OSPF Protocols and Operation
OSPF Neighbors
Identifying OSPF Routers with a Router ID
Meeting Neighbors by Saying Hello
Potential Problems in Becoming a Neighbor
Neighbor States
OSPF Topology Database Exchange
Overview of the OSPF Database Exchange Process
Choosing a Designated Router
Database Exchange
Maintaining the LSDB While Being Fully Adjacent
Summary of Neighbor States
Building the IP Routing Table
Scaling OSPF Through Hierarchical Design
OSPF Areas
OSPF Area Design Advantages
OSPF Configuration
OSPF Single-Area Configuration
OSPF Configuration with Multiple Areas
Configuring the OSPF Router ID
OSPF Hello and Dead Timers
OSPF Metrics (Cost)
OSPF Authentication
OSPF Load Balancing
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All the Key Topics
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory
Definitions of Key Terms
Command Reference to Check Your Memory
Chapter 10 EIGRP
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz
Foundation Topics
EIGRP Concepts and Operation
EIGRP Neighbors
Exchanging EIGRP Topology Information
Calculating the Best Routes for the Routing Table
Feasible Distance and Reported Distance
Caveats with Bandwidth on Serial Links
EIGRP Convergence
EIGRP Successors and Feasible Successors
The Query and Reply Process
EIGRP Summary and Comparisons with OSPF
EIGRP Configuration and Verification
Basic EIGRP Configuration
EIGRP Metrics, Successors, and Feasible Successors
Creating and Viewing a Feasible Successor Route
Convergence Using the Feasible Successor Route
EIGRP Authentication
EIGRP Maximum Paths and Variance
Tuning the EIGRP Metric Calculation
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All the Key Topics
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory
Definitions of Key Terms
Command Reference to Check Your Memory
Chapter 11 Troubleshooting Routing Protocols
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz
Foundation Topics
Perspectives on Troubleshooting Routing Protocol Problems
Interfaces Enabled with a Routing Protocol
EIGRP Interface Troubleshooting Example
OSPF Interface Troubleshooting Example
Neighbor Relationships
EIGRP Neighbor Requirements
OSPF Neighbor Requirements
OSPF Neighbor Example 1
OSPF Neighbor Example 2
The MTU Matching Requirement
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All the Key Topics
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory
Command Reference to Check Your Memory
Part IV: Wide-Area Networks
Chapter 12 Point-to-Point WANs
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz
Foundation Topics
PPP Concepts
The PPP Protocol Field
PPP Link Control Protocol (LCP)
Looped Link Detection
Enhanced Error Detection
PPP Multilink
PPP Authentication
PPP Configuration
Basic PPP Configuration
CHAP Configuration and Verification
PAP Configuration
Troubleshooting Serial Links
Troubleshooting Layer 1 Problems
Troubleshooting Layer 2 Problems
Keepalive Failure
PAP and CHAP Authentication Failure
Troubleshooting Layer 3 Problems
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All the Key Topics
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory
Definitions of Key Terms
Command Reference to Check Your Memory
Chapter 13 Frame Relay Concepts
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz
Foundation Topics
Frame Relay Overview
Frame Relay Standards
Virtual Circuits
LMI and Encapsulation Types
Frame Relay Addressing
Frame Relay Local Addressing
Frame Relay Global Addressing
Network Layer Concerns with Frame Relay
Frame Relay Layer 3 Addressing: One Subnet Containing All Frame Relay DTEs
Frame Relay Layer 3 Addressing: One Subnet Per VC
Frame Relay Layer 3 Addressing: Hybrid Approach
Layer 3 Broadcast Handling
Controlling Speed and Discards in the Frame Relay Cloud
FECN and BECN
The Discard Eligibility (DE) Bit
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All the Key Topics
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory
Definitions of Key Terms
Chapter 14 Frame Relay Configuration and Troubleshooting
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz
Foundation Topics
Frame Relay Configuration and Verification
Planning a Frame Relay Configuration
A Fully Meshed Network with One IP Subnet
Configuring the Encapsulation and LMI
Frame Relay Address Mapping
Inverse ARP
Static Frame Relay Mapping
A Partially Meshed Network with One IP Subnet Per VC
Assigning a DLCI to a Particular Subinterface
Comments About Global and Local Addressing
Frame Relay Verification
A Partially Meshed Network with Some Fully Meshed Parts
Frame Relay Troubleshooting
A Suggested Frame Relay Troubleshooting Process
Layer 1 Issues on the Access Link (Step 1)
Layer 2 Issues on the Access Link (Step 2)
PVC Problems and Status (Step 3)
Find the Connected Subnet and Outgoing Interface (Steps 3a and 3b)
Find the PVCs Assigned to That Interface (Step 3c)
Determine Which PVC Is Used to Reach a Particular Neighbor (Step 3d)
PVC Status
Subinterface Status
Frame Relay Mapping Issues (Step 4)
End-to-End Encapsulation (Step 5)
Mismatched Subnet Numbers (Step 6)
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All the Key Topics
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory
Read the Appendix F Scenarios
Command Reference to Check Your Memory
Chapter 15 Virtual Private Networks
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz
Foundation Topics
VPN Fundamentals
IPsec VPNs
IPsec Encryption
IPsec Key Exchange
IPsec Authentication and Message Integrity
The ESP and AH Security Protocols
IPsec Implementation Considerations
SSL VPNs
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All the Key Topics
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory
Definitions of Key Terms
Part V: Scaling the IP Address Space
Chapter 16 Network Address Translation
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz
Foundation Topics
Perspectives on IPv4 Address Scalability
CIDR
Route Aggregation for Shorter Routing Tables
IPv4 Address Conservation
Private Addressing
Network Address Translation Concepts
Static NAT
Dynamic NAT
Overloading NAT with Port Address Translation (PAT)
Translating Overlapping Addresses
NAT Configuration and Troubleshooting
Static NAT Configuration
Dynamic NAT Configuration
NAT Overload (PAT) Configuration
NAT Troubleshooting
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All the Key Topics
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory
Definitions of Key Terms
Command Reference to Check Your Memory
Chapter 17 IP Version 6
"Do I Know This Already?" Quiz
Foundation Topics
Global Unicast Addressing, Routing, and Subnetting
Global Route Aggregation for Efficient Routing
Conventions for Representing IPv6 Addresses
Conventions for Writing IPv6 Prefixes
Global Unicast Prefix Assignment Example
Subnetting Global Unicast IPv6 Addresses Inside an Enterprise
Prefix Terminology
IPv6 Protocols and Addressing
DHCP for IPv6
IPv6 Host Address Assignment
The IPv6 Interface ID and EUI-64 Format
Static IPv6 Address Configuration
Stateless Autoconfiguration and Router Advertisements
IPv6 Address Configuration Summary
Discovering the Default Router with NDP
Learning the IP Address(es) of DNS Servers
IPv6 Addresses
Unicast IPv6 Addresses
Multicast and Other Special IPv6 Addresses
Summary of IP Protocols and Addressing
Configuring IPv6 Routing and Routing Protocols
IPv6 Routing Protocols
IPv6 Configuration
IPv6 Transition Options
IPv4/IPv6 Dual Stacks
Tunneling
Translating Between IPv4 and IPv6 with NAT-PT
Transition Summary
Exam Preparation Tasks
Review All the Key Topics
Complete the Tables and Lists from Memory
Definitions of Key Terms
Command Reference to Check Your Memory
Part VI: Final Preparation
Chapter 18 Final Preparation
Tools for Final Preparation
Exam Engine and Questions on the CD
Install the Software from the CD
Activate and Download the Practice Exam
Activating Other Exams
The Cisco CCNA Prep Center
Subnetting Videos, Reference Pages, and Practice Problems
Scenarios
Study Plan
Recall the Facts
Practice Subnetting
Build Troubleshooting Skills Using Scenarios
Use the Exam Engine
Choosing Study or Simulation Mode
Choosing the Right Exam Option
Summary
Part VII: Appendixes
Appendix A Answers to the "Do I Know This Already?" Quizzes
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 15
Chapter 16
Chapter 17
Appendix B Decimal to Binary Conversion Table
Appendix C ICND2 Exam Updates: Version 1.0
Glossary
Index
Part VIII: CD-Only
Appendix D Subnetting Practice
Appendix E Subnetting Reference Pages
Appendix F Additional Scenarios
Appendix G Video Scenario Reference
Appendix H ICND1 Chapter 12: IP Addressing and Subnetting
Appendix I ICND1 Chapter 17: WAN Configuration
Appendix J Memory Tables
Appendix K Memory Tables Answer Key
Appendix L ICND2 Open-Ended Questions