Congress a Political Economic History of Roll Call Voting

Keith T. Poole and Howard Rosenthal have analyzed 16 million individual roll call votes spanning the two centuries since the two Houses of Congress began recording votes in 1789. By tracing the voting patterns of Congress throughout the country's history, Poole and Rosenthal find that, despite a wide array of issues facing legislators, over 80% of a legislator's voting decisions can be attributed to a consistent ideological position ranging from ultraconservatism to ultraliberalism.

The authors utilize roll call voting as a framework for a novel interpretation of important episodes in American political and economic history. Using a simple geometric model of voting, Congress demonstrates that roll call voting has a very simple structure and that, for most of American history, roll call voting patterns have maintained a core stability based on two great issues: the extent of government regulation of, and intervention in, the economy; and race.

With the exception of the Civil War period, the major political parties have been organized around the issue of government intervention in the economy. Although political parties are the critical element in promoting stable voting alignments, these stable patterns are more than just the result of party alliances. Not only do new stable patterns of voting precede the emergence of new parties, there are also very important distinctions within parties.

Race, the second great source of stable voting patterns, has almost always divided the two major parties internally and, in the post World War II era, has split the Democratic party along North-South lines leading to a three-party system. Congress documents the history of race-related issues in Congress and how race has an indirect effect on many other issues such as minimum wages and food stamps.

Congress also examines alternative models of roll call voting and finds them lacking. In several detailed case studies, the authors demonstrate that constituency interest or pocket-book voting models fail to account for voting on issues such as minimum wages, strip mining, food stamps, and railroad regulation.

Because of its scope and controversial findings which challenge established political and economic models used to explain Congressional behavior, Congress will be essential reading for political scientists, economists, and historians.

"For any researcher contemplating an investigation of congressional roll call voting behavior, Poole and Rosenthal's book is a "must read." Their approach is unique and differs from that adhered to by many economists....Their work is well known among political scientists and deserves to be known by economists and historians as well."--The Journal of Economic History

"The book is highly recommended for anyone interested in the history of roll-call voting and the careful analysis of legislator ideology."-- ac Heckelman, Department of Economics, Wake Forest University

"...a compelling and parsimonious model of congressional roll call voting....the pedogogical value of the book is immense, for advanced scholars and beginning graduate students alike."--Journal of Politics

"This book deserves a wide readership....{it] provides a fascinating tour through political history and an insightful exploration into how political institutions affect outcomes."--Journal of Economic Literature

"Congress is a must-read for Congressional scholars of all stripes."--LSS Newsleter

"For any researcher contemplating an investigation of congressional roll call voting behavior, Poole and Rosenthal's book is a "must read." Their approach is unique and differs from that adhered to by many economists....Their work is well known among political scientists and deserves to be known by

economists and historians as well."--The Journal of Economic History

"The book is highly recommended for anyone interested in the history of roll-call voting and the careful analysis of legislator ideology."--

ac Heckelman, Department of Economics, Wake Forest University

"For any researcher contemplating an investigation of congressional roll call voting behavior, Poole and Rosenthal's book is a "must read." Their approach is unique and differs from that adhered to by many economists....Their work is well known among political scientists and deserves to be known by economists and historians as well."--The Journal of Economic History

"The book is highly recommended for anyone interested in the history of roll-call voting and the careful analysis of legislator ideology."-- ac Heckelman, Department of Economics, Wake Forest University

Includes bibliographical references (p. 281-289) and index.

Keith T. Poole is Professor of Politics and Political Economy at Carnegie Mellon University. Howard Rosenthal is Roger Williams Straus Professor of Social Sciences at Princeton University.