Part I Reading and Discovering Arguments 1
Chapter 1: Making an Effective Argument 2
What Exactly Is an Argument? 3
Finding Good Reasons 4
Writing Arguments in College 5
Arguments as Turns in a Conversation 7
A Case Study: The Microcredit Debate 8
Chapter 2: Reading Arguments 12
Explore Controversies 12
Read Critically 13
Finding Good Reasons 14
Recognize Fallacies 16
It’s on the Internet 17
Map and Summarize Arguments 20
Chapter 3: Finding Arguments 22
Find Arguments in Everyday Conversations 23
Find a Topic 25
What Is Not Arguable 26
Finding Good Reasons 27
Campus 28
Community 29
Nation/World 29
Explore Your Topic 30
Read About Your Topic 32
Find Good Reasons 35
Find Evidence to Support Good Reasons 37
Chapter 4: Drafting Arguments 39
Think About Your Purpose 40
State and Evaluate Your Thesis 40
Think About Your Readers 42
Finding Good Reasons 43
Organize Your Argument 45
Write an Engaging Title and Introduction 47
Write a Strong Conclusion 48
Chapter 5: Revising and Editing Arguments 49
Evaluate Your Draft 49
Checklist for evaluating your draft 50
Respond to the Writing of Others 51
Finding Good Reasons 52
Revise Your Draft 54
Edit and Proofread Carefully 55
Part 2 Analyzing Arguments 57
Chapter 6: Analyzing Written Arguments 58
What Is Rhetorical Analysis? 58
Build a Rhetorical Analysis 59
Analyze the Rhetorical Features: Textual Analysis 59
Analyze the Rhetorical Context 64
Write a Rhetorical Analysis 70
Steps to Writing a Rhetorical Analysis 71
Barbara Jordan, Statement on the Articles of Impeachment 73
Sample Student Rhetorical Analysis 77
T. Jonathan Jackson, An Argument of Reason and Passion: Barbara Jordan’s “Statement on the Articles of Impeachment” 77
Chapter 7: Analyzing Visual and Multimedia Arguments 81
What Is a Visual Argument? 81
What Is a Multimedia Argument? 83
Analyze Visual Evidence 85
Ask These Questions When You Are Analyzing Charts and Graphs 87
Build a Visual Analysis 87
Write a Visual Analysis 92
Sample Student Visual Analysis 92
Chrissy Yao, “Use Only What You Need”: The Denver Water Conservation Campaign 93
Part 3 Writing Arguments 95
Chapter 8: Definition Arguments 96
Understand How Definition Arguments Work 97
Recognize Kinds of Definitions 97
Build a Definition Argument 99
King’s Extended Definition Argument 102
Finding Good Reasons 103
Detailed Contents
Steps to Writing a Definition Argument 104
Michael Pollan, Eat Food: Food Defined 106
Sample Student Definition Argument 112
Patrice Conley, Flagrant Foul: The NCAA’s Definition of Student Athletes as Amateurs 112
Chapter 9: Causal Arguments 117
Understand How Causal Arguments Work 118
Find Causes 119
Build a Causal Argument 121
Steps to Writing a Causal Argument 124
Finding Good Reasons 126
Emily Raine, Why Should I Be Nice to You? Coffee Shops and the Politics of Good Service 127 Sample Student Causal Argument 134
Armadi Tansal, Modern Warfare: Video Games’ Link to Real-World Violence 134
Chapter 10: Evaluation Arguments 138
Understand How Evaluation Arguments Work 139
Recognize Kinds of Evaluations 140
Build an Evaluation Argument 141
Finding Good Reasons 143
Steps to Writing an Evaluation Argument 144
Glenn Loury, A Nation of Jailers 146
Sample Student Evaluation Argument 155
Jenna Picchi, Organic Foods Should Come Clean 155
Chapter 11: Narrative Arguments 162
Understand How Narrative Arguments Work 163
Recognize Kinds of Narrative Arguments 163
Build a Narrative Argument 165
Steps to Writing a Narrative Argument 166
Finding Good Reasons 168
Gregory Kristof, On the Ground with a “Gap Year” 169
Chapter 12: Rebuttal Arguments 173
Understand How Rebuttal Arguments Work 174
Recognize Kinds of Rebuttal Arguments 175
Build a Rebuttal Argument 178
Finding Good Reasons 179
Steps to Writing a Rebuttal Argument 180
Ron Reagan, Speech at the Democratic National Convention, July 27, 2004 182
Richard M. Doerflinger, Don’t Clone Ron Reagan’s Agenda 185
Sample Student Rebuttal Argument 188
Marta Ramos, Oversimplifying the Locavore Ethic 188
Chapter 13: Proposal Arguments 192
Understand How Proposal Arguments Work 193
Recognize Components of Proposal Arguments 193
Build a Proposal Argument 194
Steps to Writing a Proposal Argument 196
Finding Good Reasons 198
Adam Gopnik, The Simple Truth About Gun Control 199
Sample Student Proposal Argument 203
Kim Lee, Let’s Make It a Real Melting Pot with Presidential Hopes for All 203
Part 4 Designing and Presenting Arguments 207
Chapter 14: Designing Multimedia Arguments 208
Think About Which Media Will Reach Your Audience 208
Know When to Use Visual Evidence 209
Think About the Argument an Image Makes 210
Design Arguments for Print 211
Design Multimedia Arguments 212
Chapter 15: Presenting Arguments 214
Plan a Presentation 214
Design Visuals for a Presentation 216
Deliver an Effective Presentation 218
Part 5 Researching Arguments 221
Chapter 16: Planning Research 222
Analyze the Research Task 222
Find a Subject 223
Ask a Research Question 224
Gather Information About the Subject 224
Draft a Working Thesis 227
Chapter 17: Finding Sources 228
Develop Strategies for Finding Sources 228
Find Sources in Databases 229
Common Databases 230
Find Sources on the Web 232
Know the Limitations of Wikipedia 235
Find Multimedia Sources 236
Find Print Sources 237
Chapter 18: Evaluating and Recording Sources 239
Determine the Relevance of Sources 239
Determine the Quality of Sources 240
Evaluate Database and Print Sources 242
Checklist for Evaluating Database and Print Sources 242
Evaluate Web Sources 243
Checklist for Evaluating Web Sources 244
Keep Track of Sources 245
Chapter 19: Writing the Research Project 248
Review Your Goals and Plan Your Organization 248
Avoid Plagiarism 249
Plagiarism in College Writing 251
Avoid Plagiarism When Quoting Sources 252
Avoid Plagiarism When Summarizing and Paraphrasing 254
Decide When to Quote and When to Paraphrase 256
Write a Draft 258
Chapter 20: Documenting Sources in MLA Style 260
Elements of MLA Documentation 260
MLA In-Text Citations 265
MLA Works-Cited List: Books 268
MLA Works-Cited List: Periodicals 271
MLA Works-Cited List: Library Database Sources 273
MLA Works-Cited List: Online Sources 274
MLA Works-Cited List: Other Sources 276
Sample MLA Paper 277
Brian Witkowski, Need a Cure for Tribe Fever? How about a Dip in the Lake? 277
Chapter 21: Documenting Sources in APA Style 284
Elements of APA Documentation 284
APA In-Text Citations 287
APA References List: Books 289
APA References List: Periodicals 290
APA References List: Library Database Sources 291
APA References List: Online Sources 292
APA References List: Other Sources 292
Part 6 Contemporary Arguments 295
Chapter 22: Sustainability 296
Environmentalism and Sustainability 296
Contemporary Arguments 298
High Moon, We’re Almost There (cartoon) 301
Wendell E. Berry, “It All Turns on Affection”: 2012 Jefferson Lecture 302
Kentucky Appalachian Ministry, Locally Grown … Heaven Sent Ad 306
Jared Diamond, Will Big Business Save the Earth? 311
National Association of Scholars, Fixing Sustainability and Sustaining Liberal Education 315 Joy of Tech, Look on the Bright Side (cartoon) 321
Sidebar: How green is your T-shirt? 323
Mark Bittman, Eating Food That’s Better for You, Organic or Not 323
Issue in Focus making cities sustainable 326
Sidebar: Top 10 Most Sprawling U.S. Metro Regions 326
Kaid Benfield, Why Smart Growth Can’t Be the Only Answer 328
Greg LeRoy, Subsidizing Sprawl: Economic Development Policies That Deprive the Poor of Transit, Jobs 331
David B. Resnik, Urban Sprawl, Smart Growth, and Deliberative Democracy 335
Original Green, Lovable 343
From Reading to Writing 344
Chapter 23: Education 345
Education in American Society 345
Contemporary Arguments 346
Andrew Delbanco, College at Risk 347
Garry B. Trudeau, Doonesbury: Teaching Is Dead (cartoon) 353
Salman Khan, What College Could Be Like 354
Kevin Carey, Into the Future with MOOCs 357
Scott Carlson, For Making the Most of College, It’s Location, Location, Location 360
David Brooks, Sam Spade at Starbucks 362 issue in Focus is college worth the price? 364
Anthony P. Carnevale, College Is Still Worth It 367
Richard Vedder, For Many, College Isn’t Worth It 373
Jim Borgman, College Loan Debt (cartoon) 378
Niall Ferguson, Who Needs College? 378
Nicole Allan and Derek Thompson, The Myth of the Student Loan Crisis 380
From Reading to Writing 383
Chapter 24: Globalization 384
America’s Place in the World–and the World’s Place in America 384
Contemporary Arguments 385
Thomas Friedman, Why the World Is Flat 386
Sidebar: The 10 Great Levelers 388
Chappatte, Our Outsourced World (cartoon) 391
Richard Florida, The World in Numbers: The World Is Spiky 391
Robyn Meredith and Suzanne Hoppough, Why Globalization Is Good 396
Sadanand Dhume, Slumdog Paradox 399
Issue in Focus exporting american culture 403
Todd Gitlin, Under the Sign of Mickey Mouse & Co. 405
Aislin, Ain’t Globalization Grand? (cartoon) 406
Laura Carlsen, Walmart vs. Pyramids 410
Robert McCrum, Glob-ish 412
From Reading to Writing 416
Chapter 25: Science and Ethics 417
The Ethics of Science and Technology 417
Contemporary Arguments 418
Doug Savage, At Last! (cartoon) 419
Jay Lehr, Mike Gemmell, and Joseph Bast, An Open Letter to the Oil and Gas Industry: The Ethical Case for Fracking 420
Elizabeth Royte, Fracking Our Food Supply 422
Bill Gates, A Robot in Every Home 431
Paul Marks, Armchair Warlords and Robot Hordes 437
Sally Satel, Organs for Sale 438
Carl Zimmer, Bringing Them Back to Life 445
Issue in Focus is genetically modified food a boon or a risk? 452
Mark Anslow, Ten Reasons Why GM Won’t Feed the World 454
James Freeman, You’re Eating Genetically Modified Food 457
James E. McWilliams, The Green Monster: Could Frankenfoods Be Good for the Environment? 459
Gregory Jaffe, Lessen the Fear of Genetically Engineered Crops 462
From Reading to Writing 463
Chapter 26: Privacy 465
New Challenges to Personal Privacy 465
Contemporary Arguments 467
Adam Penenberg, The Surveillance Society 469
Mike Luckovich, I’m Glad Facebook’s Taking Privacy Issues Seriously (cartoon) 476
Robert X. Cringely, Facebook Puts Your Privacy on Parade 476
Jonathan Locker, OnStar: Big Brother’s Eye in the Sky 479
Dahlia Lithwick, Teens, Nude Photos and the Law 481
Adam Cohen, A Casualty of the Technology Revolution: “Locational Privacy” 483
Issue in Focus biometrics: measuring the body for identity 485
Steven C. Bennett, Privacy Implications of Biometrics 487
Paul Saffo, A Trail of DNA and Data 493
FBI, Using Technology to Catch Criminals 496
Sidebar: Voice Verification for Transactions 497
Ben Goldacre, Now for ID Cards–and the Biometric Blues 497
From Reading to Writing 499
Chapter 27: Regulating Substances, Regulating Bodies 500
Private Bodies, Public Controls 500
Contemporary Arguments 503
Joe Klein, Why Legalizing Marijuana Makes Sense 504
Bernadine Healy, Legalize Marijuana? Obama Was Right to Say No 505
Consumer Freedom, Obesity Ads 509
David Edelstein, Up in Smoke: Give Movies with Tobacco an Automatic ‘R’ 510
Tony Newman, Criminalizing Smoking Is Not the Answer: Bans on Cloves and Outdoor Smoking Will Backfire! 512
New York State Department of Health, “Skip” Legault Antismoking Ad 514
Garry Trudeau, Doonesbury: The Sin Lobby Gins Up for Another Year (cartoon) 515
Jordan Rubin, Beware of Saturday Morning Cartoons 515
Jeffrey Friedman, The Real Cause of Obesity 518
Consumer Freedom, The Nanny Ad 520
Issue in Focus drinking on college campuses 522
Jeff Keacher, Accomplishments As … (cartoon) 524
John McCardell, A Drinking Age of 21 Doesn’t Work 524
Morris E. Chafetz, The 21-Year-Old Drinking