Journey To The East The Jesuit Mission To China 1579 1724

It was one of the great encounters of world history: highly educated European priests confronting Chinese culture for the first time in the modern era. This “journey to the East” is explored by Liam Brockey as he retraces the path of the Jesuit missionaries who sailed from Portugal to China, believing that, with little more than firm conviction and divine assistance, they could convert the Chinese to Christianity. Moving beyond the image of Jesuits as cultural emissaries, his book shows how these priests, in the first concerted European effort to engage with Chinese language and thought, translated Roman Catholicism into the Chinese cultural frame and eventually claimed two hundred thousand converts.

The first narrative history of the Jesuits’ mission from 1579 until the proscription of Christianity in China in 1724, this study is also the first to use extensive documentation of the enterprise found in Lisbon and Rome. The peril of travel in the premodern world, the danger of entering a foreign land alone and unarmed, and the challenge of understanding a radically different culture result in episodes of high drama set against such backdrops as the imperial court of Peking, the villages of Shanxi Province, and the bustling cities of the Yangzi Delta region. Further scenes show how the Jesuits claimed conversions and molded their Christian communities into outposts of Baroque Catholicism in the vastness of China. In the retelling, this story reaches across continents and centuries to reveal the deep political, cultural, scientific, linguistic, and religious complexities of a true early engagement between East and West.

Brockey mines a wide range of manuscript and printed sources to give us a far richer picture than earlier studies of Jesuit interactions with ordinary Chinese. This book will be essential reading for every student of early modern China or of the 'first globalization' before 1800, and for everyone who likes to think about the convergences and contradictions of our own globalized lives. John E. Wills, Jr., University of Southern California

This elegant book recreates one of the great dramas in the history of Christianity with deep erudition and keen intelligence. Brockey brings the Jesuit mission to China to vivid life, and sets it into its religious, political, and cultural contexts. He shows us how Jesuit missionaries were trained, what they did at court and in the field, and how much impact they had. Anthony Grafton, co-author of < i=""> Christianity and the Transformation of the Book <>

A masterful study...New scholarship using Roman and Chinese sources leads to a much more complex story of Roman Catholicism in China during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. With his deft analysis of a surprisingly underutilized source on the history of the Jesuit mission—Portuguese language letters and reports in ecclesiastical archives in Portugal and Rome&mdash Brockey has constructed a new chronology and trajectory for the Jesuit mission itself, placing it in what he calls “a proper European context.” Intentionally or not, he also brings the Jesuits back into the increasingly complex history of Chinese religious life. Thomas M. McCoog, SJ - Times Literary Supplement

Journey to the East is fascinating and informative. The scholarship is meticulous, and by drawing on previously untapped Portuguese archives, the author offers new and valuable insights into the activities of the Jesuits in Ming China. I can easily imagine that Brockey's account will become the standard by which all other inquiries into this important mission are judged. Richard L. Kagan, Johns Hopkins University

Brockey’s field of research is Portuguese overseas expansion, not China. This book’s full and balanced account is thus an achievement even more impressive to those of us who are China historians. The study of the Jesuit mission still has much to learn from Chinese sources, and the field can be expected eventually to grow beyond Journey to the East, but until that happens—and it will take many years, I suspect—this book will be the authoritative work. Jerry Dennerline - Journal of Interdisciplinary History

Written with grace and clarity, Journey to the East will be greeted as one of the most important contributions to the field of Christianity in the last thirty years. Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Pennsylvania State University

This is an admirable piece of scholarly research into one of the most challenging missionary endeavours ever undertaken...Brockey has drawn on archives in the Biblioteca da Ajuda in Lisbon and the Archivum Romanum Societatis Jesu in Rome to paint an extraordinarily detailed picture of a mission which started in 1579 with the summoning of Michele Ruggieri to China, and was dealt a mortal blow by the proscription of Christianity 145 years later...In this masterly survey, Brockey strips the China mission of any pious fancy. We are shown the political manoeuvring between priests and the imperial court, between different nationalities within the Society [of Jesus] itself and between the Society and Rome...This is no hagiography but an elegantly clear exposition of a tremendous missionary undertaking. Simon Scott Plummer

[An] absorbing and strongly researched book...The nature and durability of this seventeenth-century expansion of the Jesuit mission in China are explored in the first half of Brockey's book and he brings many less-known missionaries into his story, broadening the canvas dramatically, and also giving serious attention to the problems the missionaries faced from hostile Chinese literati and senior officials...There will be few who do not find important new materials in the second half of Journey to the East, which draws on a rich range of original sources to deepen our sense of Chinese society and the attempted Jesuit impact upon it...Liam Brockey has written a challenging book. Even those of us who would still like to cling to the fact that many of these Jesuit pioneers in China were truly remarkable men, with enormous mental resources, have to realize that he has changed the ground rules of the debate. It is clear that the Chinese Catholics themselves were much more in charge of their own destinies than we had suspected. And with that knowledge in place, we can no longer tell the same old stories in the same old way. The Tablet

By any standard Journey to the East: The Jesuit Missions to China, 1579-1724 is an impressive work...Brockey manfully succeeds in painting a picture of the glories and pitfalls of the European Christian encounter with the enigmatic Chinese empire. Jonathan Spence - New York Review of Books

Brockey‘s great success with this authoritative study is showing how important the “assistance” of Chinese catechists and other lay helpers was for the ability of European Jesuits to carry out their extraordinary cross-cultural mission. It is a model for using European sources to spotlight the indigenous character of new Christian movements. Oliver Rafferty - Irish Times

Liam Brockey examines the proselytization strategies of the Jesuits in China during the years 1579–1724. Aiming to provide a corrective to previous histories that present the Jesuits' strategy as ‘top-down’ and elite-centered, Brockey reconstructs the history of the China mission ‘from the ground up’...[adding] another important layer to our understanding of the Jesuit mission. Christian Century

Historians lamented the absence of a serious history of the Jesuit mission beyond the imperial city. Their prayers have now been answered in Liam Matthew Brockey's Journey to the East...An impressive accomplishment. Melissa Dale - International Bulletin of Missionary Research

Liam Matthew Brockeyis Assistant Professor ofHistory, <>PrincetonUniversity.

Contents

Preface

Note on Translations and Orthography

Introduction

Part I: Charting the Course

1. An Uneasy Foothold

2. In the Shadow of Greatness

3. Witnesses to Armageddon

4. The Problem of Success

5. Between Tolerance and the Intolerable

Part II: Building the Church

6. In the Apostles' Classroom

7. Learning the Language of Birds

8. The Business of Conversion

9. A Good Method and Order

10. Brothers of Passion and Mercy

Conclusion

Bibliographical Note

Notes

Illustration Credits

Index