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The Literature Collection delivers the high quality content and selections that have made the Kennedy series the market leader for 12 editions – now in a robust and flexible online environment.

Click here to find out more: http://media.pearsoncmg.com/long/kennedy_collection_demo/KC2Ccamproj.html.

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-- Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE The Literature Collection delivers the high quality content and selections that have made the Kennedy series the market leader for 12 editions - now in a robust and flexible online environment.

Click here to find out more: http: //media.pearsoncmg.com/long/kennedy_collection_demo/KC2Ccamproj.html.

The most popular introductory anthology of its kind, Kennedy/Gioia's Literature continues to inspire people with engaging insights on reading and writing about stories, poems, and plays. Now The Literature Collection presents all of this content in a vibrant and interactive online reading experience. Click here to find out more: http: //media.pearsoncmg.com/long/kennedy_collection_demo/KC2Ccamproj.html.

KEY TOPICS:

Poets in their own right, editors X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia bring personal warmth and a human perspective to this comprehensive collection. The Literature Collection presents readable discussions of literary devices, illustrated by engaging works, supported by useful writing tips, along with seven chapters devoted to writing about literature. The Collection includes over 600 selections and trusted pedagogy, valuable teaching resources, engaging multimedia and, of course, full access to MyLiteratureLab:

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0133938042 / 9780133938043 Literature: Reading to Write & Literature Collection, The with MyLiteratureLab -- Standalone Access Card Package

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0133886131 / 9780133886139 Literature Collection, The with MyLiteratureLab -- Standalone Access Card

0205834302 / 9780205834303 Literature: Reading to Write

X. J. Kennedy , after graduation from Seton Hall and Columbia, became a journalist second class in the Navy (“Actually, I was pretty eighth class”). His poems, some published in the New Yorker, were first collected in Nude Descending a Staircase (1961). Since then he has written six more collections, several widely adopted literature and writing textbooks, and seventeen books for children, including two novels. He has taught at Michigan, North Carolina (Greensboro), California (Irvine), Wellesley, Tufts, and Leeds. Cited in Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations and reprinted in some 200 anthologies, his verse has brought him a Guggenheim fellowship, a Lamont Award, a Los Angeles Times Book Prize, an award from the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters, an Aiken-Taylor prize, the Robert Frost Medal of the Poetry Society of America, and the Award for Poetry for Children from the National Council of Teachers of English. He now lives in Lexington, Massachusetts, where he and his wife Dorothy have collaborated on four books and five children.

Dana Gioia is a poet, critic, and teacher.  Born in Los Angeles of Italian and Mexican ancestry, he attended Stanford and Harvard before taking a detour into business. After years of writing and reading late in the evenings after work, he quit a corporate vice presidency to write. He has published four collections of poetry, Daily Horoscope (1986), The Gods of Winter (1991), Interrogations at Noon (2001), which won the American Book Award, and Pity the Beautiful (2012); and three critical volumes, including Can Poetry Matter? (1992), an influential study of poetry’s place in contemporary America. Gioia has taught at Johns Hopkins, Sarah Lawrence, Wesleyan (Connecticut), Mercer, and Colorado College. From 2003-2009 he served as the Chairman of the National Endowments for the Arts. At the NEA he created the largest literary programs in federal history, including Shakespeare in American Communities and Poetry Out Loud, the national high school poetry recitation contest. He also led the campaign to restore active literary reading by creating The Big Read, which helped reverse a quarter century of decline in U.S. reading. He is currently the Judge Widney Professor of Poetry and Public Culture at the University of Southern California.

FICTION

A Conversation with Amy Tan

1: Reading a Story

The Art of Fiction

Types of Short Fiction

W. Somerset Maugham, The Appointment in Samarra 

Aesop, The Fox and the Grapes

Bidpai, The Camel and His Friends

Chuang Tzu, Independence 

Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, Godfather Death 

Plot 

The Short Story 

John Updike, A & P 

Writing Effectively: John Updike

THINKING About Plot

2: Point of View

Identifying Point of View

Types of Narrators

Stream of Consciousness

ZZ Packer , Brownies

Eudora Welty, A Worn Path

James Baldwin, Sonny’s Blues 

Writing Effectively: James Baldwin

THINKING about Point of View

3: Character

Types of Characters

Katherine Anne Porter, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall 

Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown

Katherine Mansfield, Miss Brill 

Raymond Carver, Cathedral 

Writing Effectively: Raymond Carver

THINKING about Character

4: Setting

Elements of Setting

Historical Fiction

Regionalism

Naturalism

Kate Chopin, The Storm 

Jack London, To Build a Fire 

Ray Bradbury , The Sound of Thunder

Amy Tan, A Pair of Tickets 

Writing Effectively: Amy Tan

THINKING about Setting

5. Tone and Style

Tone

Style

Diction

Ernest Hemingway, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place 

Irony 

O. Henry, The Gift of the Magi 

Anne Tyler, Teenage Wasteland

Writing Effectively: Ernest Hemingway

THINKING about Tone and Style

6. Theme

Plot vs. Theme

Theme as Unifying Device

Finding the Theme

Stephen Crane, The Open Boat 

Alice Munro, How I Met My Husband 

Luke 15:11—32, The Parable of the Prodigal Son 

Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., Harrison Bergeron 

Writing Effectively: Kurt Vonnegut

THINKING about Theme

7. Symbol

Allegory

Symbols

Recognizing Symbols

John Steinbeck, The Chrysanthemums 

John Cheever , The Swimmer

Ursula K. Le Guin, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas 

Shirley Jackson, The Lottery 

Writing effectively: Shirley Jackson

THINKING about Symbols

8. Reading Long Stories and Novels

Origins of the Novel

Novelistic Methods

Reading Novels

Leo Tolstoy, The Death of Ivan Ilych 

Franz Kafka, The Metamorphosis 

Writing Effectively: Franz Kafka

THINKING about Long Stories and Novels

9. Latin American Fiction

“El Boom” 

Magic Realism 

After the Boom

Jorge Luis Borges, The Gospel According to Mark 

Gabriel García Márquez, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings 

Isabel Allende , The Judge’s Wife

Inés Arredondo, The Shunammite   

Writing Effectively: Marquez

10. Poe and O'Connor Casebooks

Edgar Allen Poe, The Tell-Tale Heart

Edgar Allen Poe, The Cask of Amontillado

Edgar Allen Poe,The Fall of the House of Usher

Edgar Allan Poe on Writing

Critics on Edgar Allan Poe

Flannery O'Connor, A Good Man Is Hard to Find 

Flannery O'Connor, Revelation 

Flannery O'Connor, Parker’s Back 

Flannery O’Connor on Writing

Critics on Flannery O'Connor

11. Critical Casebook: Two Stories in Depth

Charlotte Perkins Gilman  The Yellow Wallpaper

Charlotte Perkins Gilman on Writing

Critics on "The Yellow Wallpaper"

Alice Walker, Everyday Use 

Alice Walker, On Writing

Critics on "Everyday Use"

12. Stories for Further Reading

Chinua Achebe, Dead Men’s Path 

Sherwood Anderson, Hands

Margaret Atwood, Happy Endings 

Ambrose Bierce, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge 

T. Coraghessan Boyle, Greasy Lake  

Willa Cather, Paul’s Case 

Anton Chekov, An Upheaval

Anton Chekov, Misery

Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour 

Kate Chopin, Desiree's Baby

Sandra Cisneros, The House on Mango Street 

Joseph Conrad, The Secret Sharer

Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Speckled Band

Ralph Ellison, Battle Royal 

Gustav Flaubert, A Simple Heart

Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Unnatural Mother

Susan Glaspell, A Jury of Her Peers

Nikolai Gogol, The Overcoat

Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Birthmark

Zora Neale Hurston, Sweat 

James Joyce, Araby 

James Joyce, Eveline

James Joyce, The Dead

Franz Kafka, Before the Law

Jamaica Kincaid, Girl 

Jhumpa Lahiri, Interpreter of Maladies 

D. H. Lawrence, The Rocking-Horse Winner 

D. H. Lawrence, Odour of Chrysanthemums

David Leavitt, A Place I’ve Never Been

Naguib Mahfouz, The Lawsuit          

Katherine Mansfield, The Garden Party

Bobbie Ann Mason, Shiloh 

Guy de Maupassant, Mother Savage

Herman Melville, Bartleby the Scrivener

Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? 

Tim O’Brien, The Things They Carried 

Daniel Orozco , Orientation

Robert Louise Stevenson, The Bottle Imp

Edith Wharton, The Other Two

Oscar Wilde, The Happy Prince

Tobias Wolff, The Rich Brother 

Virginia Woolf, A Haunted House     

POETRY

A Conversation with Kay Ray

13. Reading a Poem

Poetry or Verse

Reading a Poem

Paraphrase

William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree 

Lyric Poetry 

Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays 

Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers 

Narrative Poetry 

Anonymous, Sir Patrick Spence 

Robert Frost, “Out, Out–” 

Dramatic Poetry 

Robert Browning, My Last Duchess 

Didactic Poetry

Writing Effectively: Adrienne Rich

THINKING about Paraphrase 

William Stafford, Ask Me 

14. Listening to a Voice

Tone 

Theodore Roethke, My Papa’s Waltz 

Countee Cullen, For a Lady I Know 

Anne Bradstreet, The Author to Her Book 

Walt Whitman, To a Locomotive in Winter 

Emily Dickinson, I like to see it lap the Miles 

Benjamin Alire Saenz, To the Desert

Gwendolyn Brooks , Speech to the Young. Speech to the Progress-Toward 

Weldon Kees, For My Daughter 

The Person in the Poem 

Natasha Trethewey, White Lies 

Edwin Arlington Robinson, Luke Havergal 

Ted Hughes, Hawk Roosting 

Anonymous, Dog Haiku

William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 

Dorothy Wordsworth, Journal Entry 

James Stephens, A Glass of Beer 

Anne Sexton, Her Kind 

William Carlos Williams, The Red Wheelbarrow 

Irony 

Robert Creeley, Oh No 

W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen 

Sharon Olds, Rites of Passage 

Julie Sheehan, Hate Poem

Sarah N. Cleghorn, The Golf Links 

Edna St. Vincent Millay, Second Fig 

Thomas Hardy, The Workbox 

William Blake, The Chimney Sweeper 

William Jay Smith, American Primitive

David Lehman , Rejection Slip 

William Stafford, At the Un-National Monument Along the Canadian Border 

Richard Lovelace, To Lucasta  

Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est  

Writing Effectively: Wilfred Owen

THINKING About TONE  THINKING About TONE 

15. Words

 Literal Meaning: What a Poem Says First 

William Carlos Williams, This Is Just to Say 

Diction 

Marianne Moore, Silence 

Robert Graves, Down, Wanton, Down! 

John Donne, Batter my heart, three-personed God, for You 

The Value of a Dictionary 

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Aftermath 

Kay Ryan, Mockingbird

J. V. Cunningham, Friend, on this scaffold Thomas More lies dead 

Samuel Menashe, Bread

Carl Sandburg, Grass

Word Choice and Word Order

Robert Herrick, Upon Julia’s Clothes 

Kay Ryan, Blandeur 

Thomas Hardy, The Ruined Maid 

Richard Eberhart, The Fury of Aerial Bombardment 

Wendy Cope, Lonely Hearts 

E. E. Cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town 

Billy Collins, The Names 

Christian Wiman , When the Time’s Toxin  

Anonymous, Carnation Milk 

Gina Valdés, English con Salsa 

Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky 

Writing Effectively: Lewis Carroll

THINKING About Diction 

16. Saying and Suggesting

Denotation and Connotation

John Masefield, Cargoes 

William Blake, London 

Wallace Stevens, Disillusionment of Ten O’Clock 

Gwendolyn Brooks, The Bean Eaters

Timothy Steele, Epitaph 

E. E. Cummings, next to of course god america i 

Robert Frost, Fire and Ice 

Diane Thiel , The Minefield  

H.D., Storm

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Tears, Idle Tears 

Richard Wilbur, Love Calls Us to the Things of This World 

Writing Effectively: Richard Wilbur

THINKING About Denotation and Connotation 

17. Imagery

Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro 

Taniguchi Buson, The piercing chill I feel 

Imagery

T. S. Eliot, The winter evening settles down 

Theodore Roethke, Root Cellar 

Elizabeth Bishop, The Fish 

Charles Simic, Fork 

Emily Dickinson, A Route of Evanescence 

Jean Toomer, Reapers 

Gerard Manley Hopkins, Pied Beauty 

About Haiku 

Arakida Moritake, The falling flower 

Matsuo Basho, Heat-lightning streak 

Matsuo Basho, In the old stone pool 

Taniguchi Buson, On the one-ton temple bell 

Taniguchi Buson, Moonrise on mudflats

Kobayashi Issa, only one guy 

Kobayashi Issa, Cricket 

Haiku from Japanese Internment Camps 

Suiko Matsushita, Rain shower from mountain

Suiko Matsushita, Cosmos in bloom 

Hakuro Wada, Even the croaking of frogs 

Neiji Ozawa, The war–this year

Contemporary Haiku 

Etheridge Knight, Making jazz swing in

Gary Snyder, After weeks of watching the roof leak

Penny Harter, broken bowl

Jennifer Brutschy, Born Again

Adelle Foley, Learning to Shave

Garry Gay, Hole in the ozone

John Keats, Bright star! would I were steadfast as thou art 

Walt Whitman, The Runner 

H.D. , Oread

William Carlos Williams, El Hombre 

Robert Bly, Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter 

Billy Collins, Embrace 

Chana Bloch , Tired Sex

Gary Snyder , Mid-August at Sourdough Mountain

Kevin Prufer, Pause, Pause

Stevie Smith, Not Waving but Drowning 

Writing Effectively: Ezra Pound

THINKING About Imagery 

18. Figures of Speech

Why Speak Figuratively? 

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Eagle 

William Shakespeare, Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? 

Howard Moss, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day? 

Metaphor and Simile 

Emily Dickinson, My Life had stood — a Loaded Gun 

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Flower in the Crannied Wall 

William Blake, To see a world in a grain of sand 

Sylvia Plath, Metaphors 

N. Scott Momaday, Simile 

Emily Dickinson, It dropped so low — in my Regard 

Jill Alexander Essbaum, The Heart 

Craig Raine, A Martian Sends a Postcard Home 

Other Figures of Speech 

James Stephens, The Wind 

Robinson Jeffers, Hands

Margaret Atwood, You fit into me 

George Herbert, The Pulley 

Dana Gioia, Money 

Carl Sandburg, Fog 

Charles Simic, My Shoes

Robert Frost, The Silken Tent 

Jane Kenyon, The Suitor 

Robert Frost, The Secret Sits 

A. R. Ammons, Coward 

Kay Ryan, Turtle 

Emily Brontë, Love and Friendship 

April Lindner, Low Tide

Robert Burns, Oh, my love is like a red, red rose 

Writing Effectively: Robert Frost

THINKING About Metaphors 

19. Song

Singing and Saying 

Ben Jonson, To Celia 

James Weldon Johnson, Sence You Went Away

William Shakespeare, Fear no more the heat o’ the sun

Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory 

Paul Simon, Richard Cory 

Ballads 

Anonymous, Bonny Barbara Allan 

Dudley Randall, Ballad of Birmingham 

Blues 

Bessie Smith with Clarence Williams, Jailhouse Blues 

W. H. Auden, Funeral Blues 

Kevin Young , Late Blues

Rap 

Bob Dylan, The Times They Are a-Changin’ 

Aimee Mann, Deathly 

Writing Effectively: Bob Dylan

THINKING About Poetry and Song

20. Sound

Sound as Meaning 

Alexander Pope, True Ease in Writing comes from Art, not Chance 

William Butler Yeats, Who Goes with Fergus? 

John Updike, Recital 

William Wordsworth, A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal 

Aphra Behn, When maidens are young 

Alliteration and Assonance 

A. E. Housman, Eight O’Clock 

James Joyce, All day I hear 

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The splendor falls on castle walls 

Rime 

William Cole, On my boat on Lake Cayuga 

Hilaire Belloc, The Hippopotamus 

Bob Kaufman , No More Jazz at Alcatraz 

William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan 

Gerard Manley Hopkins, God’s Grandeur 

Robert Frost, Desert Places 

Reading and Hearing Poems Aloud 

Michael Stillman, In Memoriam John Coltrane 

William Shakespeare , Hark, hark, the lark 

Kevin Young , Doo Wop

T. S. Eliot, Virginia 

Writing Effectively: T. S. Eliot

THINKING About a Poem’s Sound 

21. Rhythm

Stresses and Pauses 

Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool 

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Break, Break, Break 

Ben Jonson, Slow, slow, fresh fount, keep time with my salt tears 

Dorothy Parker, Résumé 

Meter 

Edna St. Vincent Millay, Counting-out Rhyme 

Edith Sitwell , Mariner Man 

A. E. Housman, When I was one-and-twenty 

William Carlos Williams, Smell! 

Walt Whitman, Beat! Beat! Drums! 

David Mason, Song of the Powers 

Langston Hughes, Dream Boogie 

Writing Effectively: Gwendolyn Brooks

THINKING About Rhythm 

22. Closed Form

Formal Patterns 

John Keats, This living hand, now warm and capable 

Robert Graves, Counting the Beats 

John Donne, Song (“Go and catch a falling star”) 

Phillis Levin, Brief Bio 

The Sonnet 

William Shakespeare, Let me not to the marriage of true minds 

Michael Drayton, Since there’s no help, come let us kiss and part 

Edna St. Vincent Millay, What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why 

Robert Frost, Acquainted with the Night 

Kim Addonizio, First Poem for You 

Mark Jarman, Unholy  Sonnet: After the Praying

A. E. Stallings, Sine Qua Non 

Amit Majmudar, Rites to Allay the Dead

R. S. Gwynn, Shakespearean Sonnet 

The Epigram 

Alexander Pope, Epigram Engraved on the Collar of a Dog

Sir John Harrington, Of Treason

William Blake , To H–

Langston Hughes, Two Somewhat Different Epigrams

Dorothy Parker , The Actress

J. V. Cunningham, This Humanist

John Frederick Nims, Contemplation

Anonymous, Epitaph of a dentist

Hilaire Belloc, Fatigue

Wendy Cope, Variation on Belloc’s “Fatigue”

Poetweets

Lawrence Bridges, Two Poetweets

Robert Pinsky , Low Pay Piecework

Other Forms 

Dylan Thomas, Do not go gentle into that good night 

Robert Bridges, Triolet 

Elizabeth Bishop, Sestina 

Writing Effectively: A. E. Stallings

THINKING About a Sonnet 

23. Open Form

Denise Levertov, Ancient Stairway 

Free Verse

E. E. Cummings, Buffalo Bill ’s 

W. S. Merwin, For the Anniversary of My Death 

William Carlos Williams, The Dance 

Stephen Crane, The Wayfarer 

Walt Whitman, Cavalry Crossing a Ford 

Ezra Pound, The Garden  

Wallace Stevens, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird 

Prose Poetry 

Charles Simic, The Magic Study of Happiness

Joy Harjo,  Mourning Song

Visual Poetry 

George Herbert, Easter Wings 

John Hollander, Swan and Shadow 

Concrete Poetry 

Richard Kostelanetz, Ramón Gómez de la Serna, Simultaneous Translations

Dorthi Charles, Concrete Cat 

E. E. Cummings, in Just- 

Francisco X. Alarcón, Frontera / Border

Carole Satyamurti, I Shall Paint My Nails Red 

David St. John, Hush

Alice Fulton, What I Like 

Writing Effectively: Walt Whitman

THINKING About Free Verse 

24. Symbol

The Meanings of a Symbol

T. S. Eliot, The Boston Evening Transcript 

Emily Dickinson, The Lightning is a yellow Fork 

The Symbolist Movement

Identifying Symbols

Thomas Hardy, Neutral Tones 

Allegory

Matthew :—, The Parable of the Good Seed 

George Herbert, Redemption

Edwin Markham, Outwitted

Suji Kwock Kim, Occupation

Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken 

Antonio Machado , The Traveler

Christina Rossetti, Uphill 

William Carlos Williams, The Young Housewife

Ted Kooser, Carrie 

Mary Oliver, Wild Geese

Tami Haaland , Lipstick

Lorine Niedecker, Popcorn-can cover 

Wallace Stevens , The Snow Man

Wallace Stevens, Anecdote of the Jar 

Writing Effectively: William Butler Yeats

THINKING About Symbols 

25. Myth and Narrative

Origins of Myth

Robert Frost, Nothing Gold Can Stay 

William Wordsworth, The world is too much with us 

H. D., Helen  

Edgar Allan Poe, To Helen  

Archetype 

Louise Bogan, Medusa 

John Keats, La Belle Dame sans Merci 

Personal Myth 

William Butler Yeats, The Second Coming 

Gregory Orr, Two Lines from the Brothers Grimm 

Myth and Popular Culture 

Charles Martin, Taken Up 

A. E. Stallings, First Love: A Quiz

Anne Sexton, Cinderella 

Writing Effectively: Anne Sexton

THINKING about Myth

26. Poetry and Personal Identity

Confessional Poetry

Sylvia Plath, Lady Lazarus 

Identity Poetics

Rhina Espaillat, Bilingual/Bilingüe 

Culture, Race, and Ethnicity 

Claude McKay, America 

Shirley Geok-lin Lim,  Riding Into California

Francisco X. Alarcón, The X in My Name 

Judith Ortiz Cofer, Quiñceañera 

Sherman Alexie, The Powwow at the End of the World

Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It 

Gender 

Anne Stevenson, Sous-Entendu 

Carolyn Kizer,  Bitch

Rafael Campo,  For J. W.

Donald Justice, Men at Forty 

Adrienne Rich, Women 

Katha Pollitt,  Mind-Body Problem

Andrew Hudgins,  Elegy for My Father, Who Is Not Dead

Brian Turner ,  The Hurt Locker

Philip Larkin, Aubade 

Writing Effectively: Rhina Espaillat

THINKING About Poetic Voice and Identity 

27. Translation

Is Poetic Translation Possible? 

World Poetry 

Li Po, Moon-Beneath Alone Drink (literal translation) 

Translated by Arthur Waley, Drinking Alone by Moonlight 

Comparing Translations 

Horace, “Carpe Diem” Ode (Latin text) 

Horace, “Carpe Diem” Ode (literal translation) 

Translated by Edwin Arlington Robinson, Horace to Leuconoe 

Translated by A. E. Stallings, A New Year’s Toast 

Translating Form

Omar Khayyam, Rubai  XII (Persian text) 

Omar Khayyam, Rubai XII (literal translation)

Translated by Edward FitzGerald,  A Book of Verses underneath the Bough 

Translated by Dick Davis, I Need a Bare Sufficiency 

Omar Khayyam, Rubaiyat 

Translated by Edward FitzGerald,  Come, fill the Cup, and in the fire of Spring

Translated by Edward FitzGerald,  Some for the Glories of this World

Translated by Edward FitzGerald, The Moving Finger writes

Translated by Edward FitzGerald,  Ah Love! could you and I with Him conspire

Parody 

Anonymous, We four lads from Liverpool are 

Hugh Kingsmill, What, still alive at twenty-two? 

Andrea Paterson, Because I Could Not Dump

Harryette Mullen, Dim Lady

Gene Fehler, If Richard Lovelace Became a Free Agent 

Aaron Abeyta, thirteen ways of looking at a tortilla 

Writing Effectively: Arthur Waley

THINKING about Parody 

28. Poetry in Spanish

Sor Juana, Presente en que el Cariño Hace Regalo la Llaneza 

Translated by Diane Thiel, A Simple Gift Made Rich by Affection 

Pablo Neruda, Muchos Somos 

Translated by Alastair Reid, We Are Many 

Jorge Luis Borges, On his blindness

Translated by Robert Mezey, On His Blindness

Octavio Paz, Con los ojos cerrados 

Translated by Eliot Weinberger, With eyes closed 

Surrealism in Latin American Poetry 

Frida Kahlo, The Two Fridas 

César Vallejo, La cólera que quiebra al hombre en niños 

Translated by Thomas Merton, Anger 

Contemporary Mexican Poetry 

José Emilio Pacheco, Alta Traición 

Translated by Alastair Reid, High Treason 

Tedi López Mills, Convalecencia 

Pedro Serrano, Golondrinas 

Translated by Anna Crowe, Swallows 

Writing Effectively: Alastair Reid on Writing, Translating Neruda 

29. Recognizing Excellence

Anonymous, O Moon, when I gaze on thy beautiful face 

Emily Dickinson, A Dying Tiger — moaned for Drink 

Sentimentality

Rod McKuen, Thoughts on Capital Punishment 

William Stafford, Traveling Through the Dark 

Recognizing Excellence 

William Butler Yeats, Sailing to Byzantium 

Arthur Guiterman, On the Vanity of Earthly Greatness 

Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias 

Robert Hayden, Frederick Douglass

Elizabeth Bishop, One Art 

John Keats, Ode to a Nightingale

Walt Whitman, O Captain! My Captain! 

Dylan Thomas , In My Craft or Sullen Art 

Paul Laurence Dunbar, We Wear the Mask 

Emma Lazarus, The New Colossus 

Edgar Allan Poe, Annabel Lee 

Writing Effectively: Edgar Allan Poe

THINKING about Evaluating a Poem 

30. What Is Poetry?

Archibald MacLeish, Ars Poetica 

31. Two Critical Casebooks: Dickinson and Hughes

Success is counted sweetest 

I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed

Wild Nights — Wild Nights! 

I Felt a Funeral, in my Brain 

I’m Nobody! Who are you? 

The Soul selects her own Society 

Some keep the Sabbath going to Church 

After great pain, a formal feeling comes 

Much Madness is divinest Sense

This is my letter to the World 

I heard a Fly buzz — when I died 

Because I could not stop for Death 

Tell all the Truth but tell it slant 

There is no Frigate like a Book

Emily Dickinson on Emily Dickinson

Critics on Emily Dickinson

The Negro Speaks of Rivers 

My People

Mother to Son 

Dream Variations 

I, Too 

The Weary Blues 

Song for a Dark Girl 

Prayer 

Ballad of the Landlord 

Theme for English B 

Nightmare Boogie

Harlem [Dream Deferred] 

Homecoming

Langston Hughes on Langston Hughes

Critics on Langston Hughes

32. Critical Casebook: T. S. Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”

The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock 

T. S. Eliot on Writing

Critics on "Prufrock"

33. Poems for Further Reading

Anonymous, Lord Randall 

Anonymous, The Three Ravens 

Anonymous , Last Words of the Prophet 

Anonymous, The Twa Corbies

Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach 

John Ashbery, At North Farm 

Margaret Atwood, Siren Song 

W. H. Auden, As I Walked Out One Evening 

W. H. Auden, Musée des Beaux Arts 

Jimmy Baca, Spliced Wire

Aphra Behn, A Thousand Marytrs

Elizabeth Bishop, Filling Station 

William Blake, A Poison Tree

William Blake, Garden of Love

William Blake, The Tyger 

William Blake, The Sick Rose 

Anne Bradstreet, To My Dear and Loving Husband

Gwendolyn Brooks, The Mother 

Gwendolyn Brooks, The Rites for Cousin Vit

Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Grief

Elizabeth Barrett Browning, How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Ways 

Robert Browning, Porphyria's Lover

Robert Browning, Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister 

Charles Bukowski, Dostoevsky

George Gordon, Lord Byron, When We Two Parted

George Gordon, Lord Byron, The Ocean

George Gordon, Lord Byron, So We'll Go No More A-Roving

Lewis Carroll, The Walrus and the Carpenter

Lorna Dee Cervantes , Cannery Town in August

Geoffrey Chaucer, From The General Prologue

Geoffrey Chaucer, Merciless Beauty 

G. K. Chesterton, The Donkey

John  Ciardi, Most Like an Arch This Marriage

Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Frost at Midnight

Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan 

Billy Collins, Care and Feeding 

Hart Crane, My Grandmother’s Love Letters 

Hart Crane, Chaplinesque

Stephen Crane, I saw a man pursuing the horizon

Stephen Crane, A man feared that he might find an assassin

E. E. Cummings, somewhere i have never travelled,gladly beyond 

E. E. Cummings, the Cambridge ladies who live in furnished souls

Marisa de los Santos, Perfect Dress 

John Donne, The Good-Morrow

John Donne, Batter my heart, three-personed God

John Donne, Death be not proud 

John Donne, The Flea 

John Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning 

Rita Dove, Daystar

John Dryden, To the Memory of Mr. Oldham

Paul Lawrence Dunbar, Sympathy

Paul Lawrence Dunbar, The Poet

T.S. Eliot, Preludes

T. S. Eliot, Journey of the Magi 

Rhina Espaillat, Agua

Rhina Espaillat, Bra

Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea, Adam Posed

Robert Frost, Mowing

Robert Frost, Birches 

Robert Frost, Mending Wall 

Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 

Allen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California 

Dana Gioia, California Hills in August

Thomas Gray, Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard

Thomas Hardy, I Look into My Glass

Thomas Hardy, The Convergence of the Twain 

Thomas Hardy, The Darkling Thrush 

Thomas Hardy, Hap 

HD, Oread

HD, Sea Rose

Seamus Heaney, Digging 

Anthony Hecht, The Vow

George Herbert, The Collar

George Herbert, The Pulley

George Herbert, Love 

Robert Herrick, Delight and Disorder

Robert Herrick, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time 

Tony Hoagland, Beauty

Gerard Manley Hopkins, No Worst, There is None

Gerard Manley Hopkins, Spring and Fall 

Gerard Manley Hopkins, The Windhover 

A. E. Housman, Into My Heart an Air that Kills

A. E. Housman, Epitaph on an Army of Mercenaries

A. E. Housman, Loveliest of trees, the cherry now 

A. E. Housman, To an Athlete Dying Young 

Randall Jarrell, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner 

Robinson Jeffers, Rock and Hawk

Ha Jin, Missed Time

Ben Jonson, On My First Son 

Donald Justice, On the Death of Friends in Childhood 

John Keats, Ode on a Grecian Urn 

John Keats, When I have fears that I may cease to be

John Keats, To Autumn 

John Keats, Ode on Melancholy

John Keats, On First Looking into Chapman's Homer

XJ Kennedy, In a Prominent Bar in Secaucus One Day

Suji Kwock Kim, Monologue for an Onion

Ted Kooser, Abandoned Farmhouse 

Philip Larkin, Home is so Sad 

Philip Larkin, Poetry of Departures 

D. H. Lawrence, Piano 

Denise Levertov, O Taste and See

Shirley Geok-lin Lim, Learning to Love America

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Proem to Eveangeline

Robert Lowell, Skunk Hour 

Christopher Marlowe, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love

Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress 

Andrew Marvell, The Definition of Love

Andrew Marvell, The Garden

Edna St. Vincent Millay, Passer Mortuus Est

Edna St. Vincent Millay, First Fig

Edna St. Vincent Millay, Time does not bring relief

Edna St. Vincent Millay, Recuerdo 

John Milton, When I consider how my light is spent 

Marianne Moore, The Fish

Marianne Moore, Poetry 

Marilyn Nelson, A Strange Beautiful Woman 

Howard Nemerov, The War in the Air 

Lorine Niedecker, Sorrow Moves in Wide Waves

Yone Noguchi, A Selection of Hokku

Sharon Olds, The One Girl at the Boys’ Party 

Wilfred Owen, Futility

Wilfred Owen, Anthem for Doomed Youth 

Sylvia Plath, Daddy 

Edgar Allen Poe, The Raven

Edgar Allen Poe, Alone

Edgar Allan Poe, A Dream within a Dream 

Alexander Pope, From an Essay on Man

Alexander Pope, A little Learning is a dang’rous Thing 

Ezra Pound, The Garden

Ezra Pound, Portrait d'une Femme

Ezra Pound, The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Letter 

Dudley Randall, A Different Image 

John Crowe Ransom, Piazza Piece 

Henry Reed, Naming of Parts 

Adrienne Rich, Living in Sin 

Edwin Arlington Robinson, Mr. Flood's Party

Edwin Arlington Robinson, Miniver Cheevy 

Theodore Roethke, Elegy for Jane 

Christina Rossetti, Song

Christina Rossetti, Amor Mundi

William Shakespeare, When daisies pied and violets blue

William Shakespeare, When icicles hang by the wall

William Shakespeare, When my love swears that she is made of truth

William Shakespeare, Poor soul, the center of my sinful earth

William Shakespeare, When, in disgrace with Fortune and men’s eyes 

William Shakespeare, That time of year thou mayst in me behold 

William Shakespeare, When to the sessions of sweet silent thought 

William Shakespeare, My mistress’ eyes are nothing likethe sun 

Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ode to the West Wind

Percy Bysshe Shelley,To -- [Music, when soft voices die]

Charles Simic , The Butcher Shop

Christopher Smart, For I will consider my Cat Jeoffry 

Cathy Song, Stamp Collecting 

William Stafford, The Farm on the Great Plains 

Gertrude Stein, Susia Asado

Wallace Stevens, The Emperor of Ice-Cream 

Wallace Stevens, Peter Quince at the Clavier

Jonathan Swift, A Description of the Morning 

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, from In Memorium AHH "Old yew, which graspest at the stones."

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, from In Memorium AHH "Dark house, by which I once more steal"

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, from In Memorium AHH "Be near me when my light is low."

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses 

Diane Thiel, Memento Mori in Middle School

Dylan Thomas, Fern Hill 

John Updike, Ex-Basketball Player 

Derek Walcott, Sea Grapes

Margaret Walker, For Malcolm X

Edmund Waller, Go, Lovely Rose 

Phillis Wheatley, On Being Brought from Africa to America

Walt Whitman, Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking

Walt Whitman, When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer

Walt Whiman, A Noiseless Patient Spider

Walt Whitman, from Song of the Open Road 

Walt Whitman, I Hear America Singing 

Richard Wilbur, The Writer 

William Carlos Williams, To Waken an Old Lady

William Carlos Williams, The Young Housewife

William Carlos Williams, Danse Russe

William Carlos Williams, Spring and All 

William Carlos Williams, Queen-Anne’s-Lace

William Wordsworth, Lines (Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey)

William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud

William Wordsworth, Ode: Intimations of Immortality

William Wordsworth, Composed upon Westminster Bridge 

James Wright, Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio 

Mary Sidney Wroth, In this strange labyrinth 

Sir Thomas Wyatt, They flee from me that sometime did me sekë 

William Butler Yeats, No Second Troy

William Butler Yeats, An Irish Airman Forsees His Death

William Butler Yeats, Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop 

William Butler Yeats, The Magi 

William Butler Yeats, When You Are Old 

DRAMA

A Conversation with David Ives

34. Reading a Play

Theatrical Conventions

Elements of a Play       

Susan Glaspell, Trifles 

Analyzing Trifles    

Writing Effectively: Susan Glaspell

THINKING About a Play 

35. Modes of Drama: Tragedy and Comedy 

Tragedy

Christopher Marlowe, Scene From Doctor Faustus (Act 2, Scene 1) 

Comedy

David Ives, Sure Thing

Writing Effectively: David Ives

THINKING about Comedy

36. Critical Casebook: Sophocles 

The Theater of Sophocles 

The Civic Role of Greek Drama 

Aristotle’s Concept of Tragedy 

The Origins of Oedipus the King 

Sophocles, Oedipus the King

(Translated by Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald) 

The Background of Antigonê 

Sophocles, Antigoné

(Translated by Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald) 

Critics on Sophocles

Writing Effectively: Robert Fitzgerald

THINKING About Greek Tragedy 

37. Critical Casebook: Shakespeare 

The Theater of Shakespeare 

William Shakespeare 

A Note on Othello 

William Shakespeare, Othello, the Moor of Venice 

The Background of Hamlet 

William Shakespeare, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark 

The Background of A Midsummer Night’s Dream 

William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night’s Dream 

William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet

William Shakespeare, MacBeth

William Shakespeare, The Tempest

Critics on Shakespeare

Writing Effectively: Ben Jonson

Understanding Shakespeare

38. The Modern Theater

Realism

Naturalism

Symbolism and Expressionism

American Modernism

Henrik Ibsen, A Doll’s House

(Translated by R. Farquharson Sharp, Revised by Viktoria Michelsen)

Henrik Ibsen on Writing, Correspondence on the Final Scene of A Doll’s House

Eugene O'Neill, The Hairy Ape

Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie 

Tennessee Williams on Writing, How to Stage The Glass Menagerie

Tragicomedy and the Absurd

Return to Realism

Experimental Drama

Milcha Sanchez-Scott, The Cuban Swimmer

Milcha Sanchez-Scott on Writing, Writing The Cuban Swimmer

Documentary Drama

Anna Deavere Smith, Scenes from Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992

Anna Deavere Smith on Writing, A Call to the Community 

THINKING About Dramatic Realism 

39. Evaluating a Play

Judging a Play

40. Plays for Further Readings

David Henry Hwang, The Sound of a Voice 

David Henry Hwang on Writing, Multicultural Theater 

Edward Bok Lee, El Santo Americano

Edward Bok Lee on Writing

Jane Martin, Beauty 

Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman 

Arthur Miller on Writing, Tragedy and the Common Man 

J.M. Synge, Riders to the Sea

August Wilson, Fences 

August Wilson on Writing, A Look into Black America

WRITING

41. Writing About Literature

Read Actively 

Robert Frost, Nothing Gold Can Stay 

Plan Your Essay 

Pre-Writing: Discover Your Ideas 

Sample Student Prewriting Exercises 

Develop a Literary Argument 

Write a Rough Draft 

Revise Your Draft 

Some Final Advice on Rewriting 

Document Sources to Avoid Plagiarism

The Form of Your Finished Paper 

Spell-Check and Grammar-Check Programs 

Anonymous (after a poem by Jerrold H. Zar), A Little Poem Regarding Computer Spell Checkers 

42. Writing About a Story

Read Actively 

Think About the Story 

Pre-Writing: Discover Your Ideas 

Sample Student Prewriting Exercises

Write a Rough Draft 

Revise Your Draft  

What’s Your Purpose? Common Approaches to Writing About Fiction 

Explication 

Analysis 

The Card report 

Comparison and Contrast 

Response paper

43. Writing About a Poem

Read Actively 

Robert Frost, Design 

Think About the Poem 

Pre-Writing: Discover Your Ideas

Sample Student Prewriting Exercises 

Write a Rough Draft 

Revise Your Draft 

Common Approaches to Writing About Poetry 

Explication 

Analysis 

Comparison and contrast 

Abbie Huston Evans, Wing-Spread 

How to Quote a Poem 

Robert Frost, In White

44. Writing About a Play 

Read Critically

Common Approaches to Writing About Drama 

Explication 

Analysis 

Comparison and contrast 

Card report 

Drama review 

How to Quote a Play 

Topics for Writing 

45. Writing a Research Paper

Browse the Research

Choose a Topic 

Begin Your Research

Print Resources 

Online Databases 

Reliable Web Sources 

Visual Images 

Evaluate Your Sources 

Organize Your Research 

Refine Your Thesis 

Organize Your Paper 

Write and Revise

Maintain Academic Integrity 

Acknowledge All Sources 

Quotations 

Citing Ideas 

Document Sources Using MLA Style 

Parenthetical References 

Works Cited List 

Citing Print Sources in MLA Style 

Citing Web Sources in MLA Style 

Sample List of Works Cited 

Endnotes and Footnotes 

Reference Guide for Citations 

46. Writing as Discovery: Keeping a Journal 

The Rewards of Keeping a Journal

Sample Journal Entry 

Sample Student Journal 

47. Writing an Essay Exam

Taking an Essay Exam 

    Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson

48. Critical Approaches to Literature

Formalist Criticism 

Cleanth Brooks, The Formalist Critic 

Michael Clark, Light and Darkness in “Sonny’s Blues” 

Robert Langbaum, On Robert Browning’s “My Last Duchess” 

Biographical Criticism 

Leslie Fiedler, The Relationship of Poet and Poem

Brett C. Millier, On Elizabeth Bishop’s “One Art” 

Emily Toth, The Source for AlcÉé LaballiÈre in “The Storm” 

Historical Criticism 

Hugh Kenner, Imagism 

Seamus Deane, Joyce’s Dublin

Kathryn Lee Seidel, The Economics of Zora Neale Hurston’s “Sweat”

Psychological Criticism 

Sigmund Freud, The Nature of Dreams 

Gretchen Schulz and R. J. R. Rockwood, Fairy Tale Motifs in “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?

Harold Bloom, Poetic Influence

Mythological Criticism 

Carl Jung, The Collective Unconscious and Archetypes 

Northrop Frye, Mythic Archetypes 

Edmond Volpe, Myth in Faulkner’s “Barn Burning” 

Sociological Criticism 

Georg Lukacs, Content Determines Form 

Daniel P. Watkins, Money and Labor in “The Rocking-Horse Winner” 

Alfred Kazin, Walt Whitman and Abraham Lincoln 

Gender Criticism 

Elaine Showalter, Toward a Feminist Poetics

Nina Pelikan Straus, Transformations in The Metamorphosis 

Richard R. Bozorth, “Tell Me the Truth About Love” 

Reader-Response Criticism 

Stanley Fish, An Eskimo “A Rose for Emily” 

Robert Scholes, “How Do We Make a Poem?” 

Michael J. Colacurcio, The End of Young Goodman Brown 

Deconstructionist Criticism 

Roland Barthes, The Death of the Author 

Barbara Johnson, Rigorous Unreliability        

Geoffrey Hartman, On Wordsworth’s “A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal” 

Cultural Studies 

Vincent B. Leitch, Poststructuralist Cultural Critique 

Mark Bauerlein, What Is Cultural Studies?  

Camille Paglia, A Reading of William Blake’s “The Chimney Sweeper”