Synopses & Reviews
Steeped in 20th-century perspective and committed to providing a conceptual overview of the discipline, Hecht's PHYSICS: CALCULUS, Second Edition is a return to basics. Strong pedagogy, a descriptive focus, a knock-out art program, biological/medical applications, and help with the MCAT are some of the reasons why professors use this ground-breaking text. Hecht's passion and enthusiasm for the subject matter is apparent on every page. While Hecht covers a range of material from kinetics to quantum physics, he carefully limits the mathematics required to basic calculus and vector analysis, though you'll note an increased use of calculus in the Second Edition. He omits obscure, high-level topics, while focusing on helping students understand the fundamental concepts of modern-day physics. Calculus and vector analysis are both thoroughly developed as tools to illuminate the physics. Hecht deliberately goes slowly, justifying where each topic is going, stopping to take stock of where the students have been, and pausing along the way to let students discover for themselves the unity of the discipline as each piece begins to from the whole. A text-correlated problem-solving CD-ROM is included with each new copy of the text to help students with vital problem-solving skills. Historical materials include details of the lives of great scientists making these larger-than-life figures less intimidating and their work more approachable. In a similar vein, the book is responsive to significant contributions made by women in physics. Most important, the historical approach allows physics to unfold more clearly. Hecht motivates students to learn how physics directly affects their lives with answers to practical questions such as, How do we walk? Why do bones break? How does a speedometer work? Many photographs throughout the text depict commonplace phenomena that usually go unnoticed. A new feature called Exploring Physics on Your Own gives students experiment
Table of Contents
1. AN INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS Law and Theory / The Modern Perspective / Length / Mass and Weight / Time / Significant Figures / Equations / Graphs and Functions / Approximations and Checks / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 2. KINEMATICS: SPEED AND VELOCITY Average Speed / Constant Speed / Delta Notation: The Change in a Quantity / Instantaneous Speed / The Displacement Vector / Some Vector Algebra / Instantaneous Velocity / Components and Vector Addition / Velocity with Respect to... / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions for Problem Solving / Problems 3. KINEMATICS: ACCELERATION Average Acceleration / Instantaneous Acceleration: Second Derivatives / Constant Acceleration / The Mean Speed / The Equations of Constant Acceleration / Air Drag / Acceleration Due to Gravity / Straight Up and Down / Two-Dimensional Motion: Projectiles / Varying Acceleration: Integrals / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions for Problem Solving / Problems 4. NEWTONS THREE LAWS: MOMENTUM The Law of Inertia / Force / The Second Law / Interaction: The Third Law / The Effects of Force: Newtons Slaws / Weight: Gravitational Force / Coupled Motions / Friction / Translational Equilibrium: Statics / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 5. CENTRIPETAL FORCE AND GRAVITY Centripetal Acceleration / Center-Seeking Forces / The Law of Universal Gravitation / Terrestrial Gravity / The Laws of Planetary Motion / Satellite Orbits / Effectively Weightless / The Gravitational Field / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 6. ENERGY Work / Kinetic Energy / Potential Energy / Mechanical Energy / Applying Conservation of Energy / Power / Energy Conservation and Symmetry / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 7. MOMENTUM and COLLISIONS Impulse and Momentum Change / Varying Force / Rockets / Conservation of Linear Momentum / Collisions / Linear Momentum and Symmetry / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 8. ROTATIONAL MOTION Angular Displacement / Angular Velocity / Angular Acceleration / Equations of Constant Angular Acceleration / Torque / Second Condition Equilibrium / Extended Bodies and the Center-of-Gravity / Torque and Rotational Area / Rotational Kinetic Energy / Angular Momentum / Conservation of Angular Momentum / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 9. SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, and GASES Atomism / Density / The States of Matter / Hydrostatic Pressure / Pascals Principle / Buoyant Force / Fluid Flow / The Continuity Equation / Bernoullis Equation / Viscous Flow / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 10. ELASTICITY and OSCILLATIONS Hookes Law / Stress and Strain / Strength / Elastic Moduli / Simple Harmonic Motion / Elastic Restoring Force / The Pendulum / Damping, Forcing, and Resonance / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 11. WAVES and SOUND Wave Characteristics / Transverse Waves: Strings / Compression Waves / Acoustics: Sound Waves / Wavefronts and Intensity / The Speed of Sound in Air / Hearing Sound / Sound-Level / Sound Waves: Beats / Standing Waves / The Doppler Effect / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 12. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER Thermodynamic Temperature and Absolute Zero / Linear Expansion / Volumetric Expansion: Solids and Liquids / The Laws of Boyle, Charles, and Gay-Lussac / The Ideal Gas Law / Phase Diagrams / Kinetic Theory / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 13. HEAT and THERMAL ENERGY Heat and Temperature / Quantity of Heat / The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat / Specific Heat: Calorimetry / Melting and Freezing / Vaporization / Boiling / Radiation / Convection / Conduction / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 14. THERMODYNAMICS Conservation of Energy / Thermal Processes and Work / Isothermal Change of an Ideal Gas / Adiabatic Change of an Ideal Gas / The Carnot Cycle / Refrigeration Machines and Heat Pumps / Entropy / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 15. ELECTROSTATICS: FORCES Positive and Negative Charge / Insulators and Conductors / Coulombs Law / The Definition of the E-Field / E-Fields of Continuous Charge Distributions / Gausss Law / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 16. ELECTROSTATICS: ENERGY Electrical-PE and Potential / Potential of a Point-Charge / The Potential of Several Charges / Potential of a Continuous Charge Distribution / Determining E from V / Conservation of Charge / The Capacitor / Capacitors in Combination / Energy in Capacitors / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 17. DIRECT CURRENT Electric Current / Ohms Law / Resistivity / Voltage Drops and Rises / Energy and Power / Current Density and Conductivity / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 18. CIRCUITS Sources and Internal Resistance / Resistors in Series and Parallel / Ammeters and Voltmeters / R-C Circuits / Kirchoffs Rules / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 19. MAGNETISM Permanent Magnets / The Magnetic Field / Currents and Fields / Calculating B-Fields / The Force on a Moving Charge / Forces on Wires / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 20. ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION Faradays Induction Law / Motional emf / The AC Generator / The DC Generator / Inductance / The R-L Circuit: Transients / Energy in the Magnetic Field / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 21. AC AND ELECTRONICS AC and Resistance / AC and Inductance / AC and Capacitance / L-C-R Series Circuits / The Transformer / Domestic Circuits and Hazards / Semiconductors / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 22. RADIANT ENERGY: LIGHT Waves and Particles / Electromagnetic Waves / Waveforms and Wavefronts / Energy and Irradiance / The Origins of EM Radiation / Energy Quanta / Atoms and Light / Radiowaves / Microwaves / Infrared / Light / Ultraviolet / X-Rays / Gamma Rays / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 23. THE PROPAGATION OF LIGHT: SCATTERING Rayleigh Scattering: Blue Skies / Internal and External Reflection / The Law of Reflection / The Index of Refraction / Snells Law / Total Internal Reflection / White, Black, and Gray / Colors / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 24. GEOMETRICAL OPTICS AND INSTRUMENTS Aspherical Surfaces / Spherical Thin Lenses / Focal Points and Planes / Extended Imagery: Lenses / A Single Lens / Thin-Lens Combinations / Curved Mirrors / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 25. PHYSICALOPTICS Natural Light / Polarizers / Polarizing Processes / Youngs Experiment / Thin-Film Interference / The Michelson Interferometer / Single-Slit Diffraction / The Diffraction Grating / Circular Holes and Obstacles / Holography / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 26. SPECIAL RELATIVITY The Michelson-Morley Experiment / The Two Postulates / Simultaneity and Time / The Hatters Watch: Time Dilation / Shrinking Alice: Length Contraction / Tweedledum and Tweedledee: The Twin Effect / Wonderland: Space-Time / Addition of Velocities / Relativistic Momentum / Relativistic Energy / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 27. THE ORIGINS OF MODERN PHYSICS The Quantum of Charge / Cathode Rays: Particles of Charge / X-Rays / The Discovery of Radioactivity / Rutherford Scattering / Atomic Spectra / The Proton / The Neutron / Radiation Damage: Dosimetry / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 28. THE EVOLUTION OF QUANTUM THEORY Blackbody Radiation / Quantization of Energy: The Photoelectric Effect / Bremsstrahlung / The Compton Effect / The Bohr Atom / Stimulated Emission: The Laser / Atomic Number / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 29. QUANTUM MECHANICS De Broglie Waves / The Principle of Complementarity / The Schr?dinger Wave Equation / Quantum Numbers / The Zeeman Effect / Spin / The Pauli Exclusion Principle / Electron Shells / The Uncertainty Principle / QED and Antimatter / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 30. NUCLEAR PHYSICS Isotopes: Birds of a Feather / Nuclear Size, Shape, and Spin / The Nuclear Force / Nuclear Stability / Radioactive Decay / The Weak Force / Gamma Decay / Half-Life / Induced Radioactivity / Fission and Fusion / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems 31. HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS Leptons / Hadrons / Gauge Theory / Quarks / Quantum Chromodynamics / The Electroweak Force / GUTs and Beyond: The Creation of the Universe / Core Material and Study Guide / Discussion Questions / Multiple Choice Questions / Suggestions on Problem Solving / Problems / APPENDIXES: A MATHEMATICAL REVIEW / ANSWER SECTION / CREDITS / INDEX