Public Culture, Cultural Identity, Cultural Policy: Comparative Perspectives

Acknowledgments iiPreface: Why Read About Public Culture? viKey Words xv
Foreword: What is Cultural Policy? 1 Public Culture and Political Culture 2 Public Culture as Public Policy 9 Objectives and Justifications of Public Culture 13 What is Culture? 22 Coda: The U.S. -- and the Rest 25
Part 1: Politics and Patronage 1 Hidden-Hand Culture: The American System of Cultural Patronage 36 The City of Washington 37From The New Deal to the Great Society 38Justification for Public Intervention 46Scope of Public Responsibility 51Cultural Agencies: National and Subnational 54State and Localities 58Financing Culture 62Coda: The Perils of a Hidden-Hand Culture 662 Exporting Civilization: French Cultural Diplomacy 77 Soft Power and Cultural Diplomacy 78 La Civilization Fran aise 82 Promoting French Culture Before 1940 90 French Cultural Diplomacy After 1945 93 Defending French and French Civilization 97 Reorganization and Reconceptualization 101 Coda: Which France is Exported? 1043 Sports as Spectacle and Projecting Identity: The Case of Olympic Opening Ceremonies 112 Spectacle and the Olympics 112 The 1936 Olympic Games 119 1984 Los Angeles 129 Beijing Olympics: Modernity and Continuity 135 Spectacle, Politics, Olympics 140 Coda: The Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic Opening Ceremony 143

Part 2: Ideology and Identity 4 Coloniality: The Cultural Policy of Post-Colonialism Cultural Reassertion: Mexico After the 1920 Revolution 160Cultural Restatement: Canada 165Cultural Reconstruction: South Africa 172Cultural Conundrum: Ukraine 176Coda: Imperialism and the "Other" 1855 Internal Coloniality: Cultural Regions and the Politics of Nationalism 198 What is a Cultural Region? 198 Quebec: From Survivance to Mondialisation 202 Puerto Rico: Culture Constructed 209 Scotland: Culture Renewed 214 Catalonia: Cultural Resistance 219 Coda: Region or Country 2256 A Cultural Space: Acadiana and Cajun Culture 234 The Uniqueness of the Louisiana Cajuns 236 Acadiana - The Cajun Homeland in Louisiana 239 Cajun and Cajunness 244 Cajun Folk Heritage 249 The Cajun Patrimony 260

This book places the study of public support for the arts and culture within the prism of public policy making. It is explicitly comparative in casting cultural policy within a broad sociopolitical and historical framework. Given the complexity of national communities, there has been an absence of comparative analyses that would explain the wide variability in modes of cultural policy as reflections of public cultures and cultural identity. The discussion is internationally focused and interdisciplinary. Mulcahy contextualizes a wide variety of cultural policies and their relation to politics and identity by asking a basic question: who gets their heritage valorized and by whom is this done? The fundamental assumption is that culture is at the heart of public policy as it defines national identity and personal value.