Sierra Crossing: First Roads to California

A critical era in California's history and developmentand#151;the building of the first roads over the Sierra Nevadaand#151;is thoroughly and colorfully documented in Thomas Howard's fascinating book. During California's first two decades of statehood (1850-1870), the state was separated from the east coast by a sea journey of at least six weeks. Although Californians expected to be connected with the other states by railroad soon after the 1849 Gold Rush, almost twenty years elapsed before this occurred. Meanwhile, various overland road ventures were launched by "emigrants," former gold miners, state government officials, the War Department, the Interior Department, local politicians, town businessmen, stagecoach operators, and other entrepreneurs whose alliances with one another were constantly shifting. The broad landscape of international affairs is also a part of Howard's story.

Constructing roads and accumulating geographic information in the Sierra Nevada reflected Washington's interest in securing the vast western territories formerly held by others. In a remarkably short time the Sierra was transformed by vigorous exploration, road-promotion, and road-building. Ox-drawn wagons gave way to stagecoaches able to provide service as fine as any in the country. Howard effectively uses diaries, letters, newspaper stories, and official reports to recreate the human struggle and excitement involved in building the first trans-Sierra roads. Some of those roads have become modern highways used by thousands every day, while others are now only dim traces in the lonely backcountry.

A critical era in California's history and development -- the building of the first roads over the Sierra Nevada -- is thoroughly and colorfully documented in Thomas Howard's fascinating book. In a remarkably short time the Sierra was transformed by vigorous exploration, road-promotion, and road-building. Howard effectively uses diaries, letters, newspaper stories, and official reports to re-create the human struggle and excitement involved in building the first trans-Sierra roads.

"As Thomas Howard proves in this engaging study of early efforts to breach the Sierra Nevada, contemporary pathways represent an intriguing interaction of geography, human intention--and will. Having read this book, one will never again think simply about roadways. From Native American trails to overland stage routes, and the railways and freeways that were to follow, each axis of approach coaxed from the land and from the people who crossed the land the highest levels of engineering skills and dialogue with nature."and#151;Kevin Starr, State Librarian of California

"Tom Howard's intricately researched and well-told story. . . [is] the best kind of commingling of geography and history. . . that the legendary George Stewart would have relished."and#151;Paul F. Starrs, editor of Geographical Review

"This lively and scholarly study is the definitive analysis of the overland mountain routes to California. . . . Sierra Crossing is indispensable for anyone interested in the historical geography of the westward movement and California history."and#151;Martin Ridge, Senior Research Associate, The Huntington Library

Thomas Frederick Howard is Associate Professor of Geography at Armstrong Atlantic State University in Savannah, Georgia.