Tending the Wild Native American Knowledge & the Management of Californias Natural Resources

John Muir was an early proponent of a view we still hold todayand#151;that much of California was pristine, untouched wilderness before the arrival of Europeans. But as this groundbreaking book demonstrates, what Muir was really seeing when he admired the grand vistas of Yosemite and the gold and purple flowers carpeting the Central Valley were the fertile gardens of the Sierra Miwok and Valley Yokuts Indians, modified and made productive by centuries of harvesting, tilling, sowing, pruning, and burning. Marvelously detailed and beautifully written, Tending the Wild is an unparalleled examination of Native American knowledge and uses of California's natural resources that reshapes our understanding of native cultures and shows how we might begin to use their knowledge in our own conservation efforts.

M. Kat Anderson presents a wealth of information on native land management practices gleaned in part from interviews and correspondence with Native Americans who recall what their grandparents told them about how and when areas were burned, which plants were eaten and which were used for basketry, and how plants were tended. The complex picture that emerges from this and other historical source material dispels the hunter-gatherer stereotype long perpetuated in anthropological and historical literature. We come to see California's indigenous people as active agents of environmental change and stewardship. Tending the Wild persuasively argues that this traditional ecological knowledge is essential if we are to successfully meet the challenge of living sustainably.

"This is a highly significantand#151;one might argue revolutionaryand#151;book. It, and the author's previous research, has the potential to completely change the way western land managers relate to the land and the resources they are trying to regulate. Even more, it has the power to influence the way that all of us approach Nature and will reinforce the importance of Native Americans and the sophistication of their knowledge."and#151;Nancy J. Turner, University of Victoria

"Tending the Wild is an enormously rich and highly readable text on the remarkably diverse land management techniques practiced by California Indians over millennia. This book serves as an invaluable resource as we strive to conserve California's enormous cultural and biotic heritage in the new century. A triumph!"and#151;Michael H. Horn, California State University Fullerton

"Tending the Wild supports the little know fact that Indian groups in California historically practiced a kind of "environmental bonsai" through their centuries long management activities. Kat Anderson's work is timely and will make an important contribution toward a better understanding of the historic ecologies of North America."and#151;Greg Cajete, University of New Mexico

M. Kat Anderson is a Lecturer in the Department of Plant Sciences at the University of California, Davis; Associate Ecologist at the Agricultural Experimental Station at the University of California, Davis; and a faculty member in the Graduate Group in Ecology at the University of California, Davis. She is coeditor, with T. C. Blackburn, of Before the Wilderness: Native Californians as Environmental Managers (1993) and coeditor, with Henry T. Lewis, of Forgotten Fires: Native Americans and the Transient Wilderness by Omer C. Stewart (2002).

List of Illustrations

List of Tables

Preface and Acknowledgments

Introduction

PART I. CALIFORNIA AT CONTACT

1. Wildlife, Plants, and People

2. Gathering, Hunting, and Fishing

3. The Collision of Worlds

PART II. INDIGENOUS LAND MANAGEMENT AND ITS ECOLOGICAL BASIS

4. Methods of Caring for the Land

5. Landscapes of Stewardship

6. Basketry: Cultivating Herbs, Sedges, Grasses, and Tules

7. From Arrows to Weirs: Cultivating Shrubs and Trees

8. Californiaand#8217;s Cornucopia: A Calculated Abundance

9. Plant Foods Aboveground: Seeds, Grains, Leaves, and Fleshy Fruits

10. Plant Foods Belowground: Bulbs, Corms, Rhizomes, Tubers, and Taproots

PART III. REKINDLING THE OLD WAYS

11. Contemporary California Indian Harvesting and Management Practices

12. Restoring Landscapes with Native Knowledge

Coda: Indigenous Wisdom in the Modern World

Notes

Bibliography

Index